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Volume 62,
Issue Pt_7,
2012
Volume 62, Issue Pt_7, 2012
- New Taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Oceanisphaera sediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment
More LessTwo strains, designated TW92T and TW93, were isolated from marine sediment collected from the south coast of Korea. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining-negative, coccus-shaped, aerobic, motile and catalase- and oxidase-positive. Strain TW92T grew optimally in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl (range 1–5 %) while strain TW93 grew optimally in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl (range 0–12 %), and both strains had an optimal growth temperature of 30 °C (range 4–37 °C). Strains TW92T and TW93 had the same optimum pH (pH 7), but differed in their ability to grow at pH 10. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that strains TW92T and TW93 were most closely related to Oceanisphaera donghaensis BL1T, with 98.8 % and 98.7 % similarity, respectively. Pairwise similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains TW92T and TW93 was 99.9 %. The major fatty acids of both strains were summed features 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. Both strains possessed the ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains TW92T and TW93 were 58.5 and 59.6 mol%, respectively. Genomic relatedness values based on DNA–DNA hybridization of strains TW92T and TW93 with related species were below 47 % and 31 %, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains TW92T and TW93 were above 85 %. On the basis of a taxonomic study using polyphasic analysis, it is proposed that the two isolates represent a novel species, Oceanisphaera sediminis sp. nov., with strain TW92T ( = KACC 15117T = JCM 17329T) as the type strain and strain TW93 ( = KACC 15118 = JCM 17330) as an additional strain.
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Sphingomonas alpina sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine soil
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-negative-staining, motile, psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain S8-3T, was isolated from alpine soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S8-3T was related to the genus Sphingomonas and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Sphingomonas oligophenolica S213T (98.0 %). 16S RNA gene sequence similarity between strain S8-3T and Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 29837T (the type species of the genus Sphingomonas ) was 93.0 %. Strain S8-3T contained Q-10 as the ubiquinone and C18 : 1ω7c (65.0 %) and C14 : 0 2-OH (13.4 %) as the dominant fatty acids (>10 %). The major polyamines were the triamine sym-homospermidine and spermidine. The polar lipid profile contained sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 64.1 mol%. Combined data from phenotypic, phylogenetic and DNA–DNA relatedness studies demonstrated that strain S8-3T is a representative of a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas alpina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S8-3T ( = DSM 22537T = LMG 26055T).
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Desulfobaculum xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Desulfovibrionaceae isolated from marine mangrove sediment
More LessA taxonomic study was carried out on strain P1T, which was isolated from mangrove sediment samples collected from Qinglan Port (Hainan, China). Cells were curved rods, that were motile, with a single polar flagellum. The strain was non-spore-forming with a cell size of 0.6×1.5–2.2 µm. Catalase and oxidase activities were not detected. Growth was observed in the temperature range 22–44 °C (optimum, 35–40 °C) and pH range 5.5–8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0). NaCl was required for growth and tolerated at up to 3.5 % (w/v) (optimum, 0.5 %). Strain P1T utilized hydrogen, succinate, l-malate, citrate, oxalate, dl-lactate, pyruvate, or cysteine as electron donors, and sulfate or sulfite as electron acceptors. Fermentation products from pyruvate were acetate, H2 and CO2. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain P1T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Desulfovibrionaceae . Strain P1T was most closely related to members of the genera Desulfovibrio (92.0–94.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Desulfocurvus (91.1 %), Bilophila (87.9 %) and Lawsonia (86.0 %) of the family Desulfovibrionaceae . The DNA G+C content of strain P1T was 64.5 mol% and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (18.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.0 %), C16 : 0 (14.2 %) and iso-C17 : 1ω9c (24.4 %). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (97 %). Major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Strain P1T was distinguishable from members of phylogenetically related genera by differences in several phenotypic properties. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain P1T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Desulfobaculum xiamenensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Desulfobaculum xiamenensis is P1T ( = CGMCC 1.5166T = DSM 24233T).
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Sphingomonas endophytica sp. nov., isolated from Artemisia annua L.
A novel bacterium (strain YIM 65583T) belonging to the genus Sphingomonas was isolated from surface-sterilized tissue of Artemisia annua L., which was collected from Yunnan province, south-west China. Its morphology, physiology and biochemical features were consistent with those of members of the genus Sphingomonas . Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 65583T further confirmed that it should be classified as a member of the genus Sphingomonas and was most closely related to Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae FA2T (99.7 %) and Sphingomonas yunnanensis YIM 003T (98.3 %). The isolate was Gram-negative and formed yellow-pigmented colonies on ISP 2 medium. It grew optimally at pH 6.0–8.0, at 20–37 °C and in the presence of 0–1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-10; C18 : 1ω7c, anteiso-C16 : 1, C14 : 0-2OH, C17 : 1ω6c, C16 : 0 and C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingoglycolipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.3 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of the isolate YIM 65583T with S. phyllosphaerae FA2T and S. yunnanensis YIM 003T were 43.1 % and 37.9 %, respectively. Based on these features, it is concluded that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas endophytica sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM 65583T ( = CCTCC AA 209035T = JCM 17394T) as the type strain.
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Sphingomonas formosensis sp. nov., a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from agricultural soil
In the present study, a yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, short rod-shaped novel bacterium that was capable of degrading a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) was isolated from agricultural soil located in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis positioned the novel strain in the genus Sphingomonas as an independent lineage adjacent to a subclade containing Sphingomonas fennica K101T, Sphingomonas histidinilytica UM2T, Sphingomonas wittichii RW1T and Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans A175T. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-Nfb-2T showed highest sequence similarity to S. fennica K101T (96.2 %), S. histidinilytica UM2T (96.1 %), S. wittichii RW1T (95.9 %), S. haloaromaticamans A175T (95.7 %), and Sphingobium ummariense RL-3T (94.7 %); lower sequence similarities were observed with strains of all other Sphingomonas species. The strain contained phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and diphosphatidylglycerol. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) C16 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c; C14 : 0 2-OH was the major 2-hydroxy fatty acid. Previously, these lipids have been found to be characteristic of members of the genus Sphingomonas . The serine palmitoyl transferase gene (spt) was also detected and sphingolipid synthesis was confirmed. The predominant isoprenoid quinone system was ubiquinone (Q-10) and the isolate contained sym-homospermidine as the major polyamine. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 62.8±0.8 mol%. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain CC-Nfb-2T represents a novel species within the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas formosensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CC-Nfb-2T ( = BCRC 80272T = DSM 24164T).
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Proposal to reclassify Brenneria quercina (Hildebrand and Schroth 1967) Hauben et al. 1999 into a new genus, Lonsdalea gen. nov., as Lonsdalea quercina comb. nov., descriptions of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina comb. nov., Lonsdalea quercina subsp. iberica subsp. nov. and Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica subsp. nov., emendation of the description of the genus Brenneria , reclassification of Dickeya dieffenbachiae as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae comb. nov., and emendation of the description of Dickeya dadantii
Bacterial isolates from oak trees in Spain and Britain, showing symptoms of bark canker and Acute Oak Decline (AOD), respectively, were examined by a polyphasic approach. Both 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA), based on partial sequences of gyrB, rpoB, infB and atpD genes, revealed that the isolates were separated into two genetic groups according to their origin. Their closest phylogenetic relative was Brenneria quercina , the causal agent of drippy nut disease of oak, which clustered distant to the other species of the genus Brenneria . MLSA data for species of the genera Brenneria , Pectobacterium , Dickeya , Erwinia , Pantoea and Samsonia confirmed the polyphyletic nature of the genus Brenneria and indicated synonymy of Dickeya dadantii and Dickeya dieffenbachiae . DNA–DNA hybridization experiments confirmed this synonymy and also revealed DNA–DNA relatedness values of 58–73 % between the new oak isolates and B. quercina . Phenotypic and/or chemotaxonomic methods allowed B. quercina and the two genetic groups of new oak isolates to be discriminated from other recognized species of the genus Brenneria and from members of the closely related genera Dickeya , Pectobacterium and Samsonia . Based on the data obtained, the following taxonomic proposals are made: (1) reclassification of B. quercina as the type species of a novel genus, Lonsdalea gen. nov., as Lonsdalea quercina comb. nov. (type strain LMG 2724T = ATCC 29281T = CCUG 48867T = CFBP 3617T = CIP 105201T = DSM 4561T = ICMP 1845T), (2) classification of the oak isolates as Lonsdalea quercina subsp. iberica subsp. nov. (type strain LMG26264T = NCPPB 4490T) and Lonsdalea quercina subsp. britannica subsp. nov. (type strain LMG 26267T = NCPPB 4481T) and leading to the automatic creation of Lonsdalea quercina subsp. quercina subsp. nov. (type strain LMG 2724T = ATCC 29281T), (3) emendation of the description of the genus Brenneria , and (4) reclassification of Dickeya dieffenbachiae as Dickeya dadantii subsp. dieffenbachiae comb. nov. (type strain LMG 25992T = CFBP 2051T), with the automatic creation of Dickeya dadantii subsp. dadantii subsp. nov. (type strain LMG 25991T = CFBP 1269T).
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Albidovulum xiamenense sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a terrestrial hot spring
More LessAn aerobic, motile, moderately thermophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, strain YBY-7T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring of a garden exhibition located in Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China. Cells of strain YBY-7T were Gram-negative, irregular rods, 2–6 µm long and 0.4–0.6 µm wide, with polar flagella, and the organism formed beige colonies. The temperature and pH ranges for growth of strain YBY-7T were 28–65 °C (optimum 50–58 °C) and pH 6.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.5–8.5). Growth occurred in the presence of 5.5 % NaCl (optimum 3.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that Albidovulum inexpectatum FRR-10T was its closest neighbour (95.9 % similarity). Ubiquinone (Q-10) was the sole respiratory quinone and the DNA G+C content of strain YBY-7T was 70.6 mol%. The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c (29.3 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (25.6 %), C18 : 0 (23.6 %) and C16 : 0 (9.6 %). Based on its physiological characteristics and our phylogenetic analysis, we propose that strain YBY-7T represents a novel species of the genus Albidovulum , for which the name Albidovulum xiamenense sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YBY-7T ( = MCCC 1A06317T = CGMCC 1.10789T = LMG 26247T).
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Methylophaga lonarensis sp. nov., a moderately haloalkaliphilic methylotroph isolated from the soda lake sediments of a meteorite impact crater
A moderately haloalkaliphilic methylotrophic bacterium possessing the ribulose monophosphate pathway for carbon assimilation, designated MPLT, was isolated from Lonar Lake sediment microcosms that were oxidizing methane for two weeks. The isolate utilized methanol and was an aerobic, Gram-negative, asporogenous, motile, short rod that multiplied by binary fission. The isolate required NaHCO3 or NaCl for growth and, although not auxotrophic for vitamin B12, had enhanced growth with vitamin B12. Optimal growth occurred with 0.5–2 % (w/v) NaCl, at 28–30 °C and at pH 9.0–10.0. The cellular fatty acid profile consisted primarily of straight-chain saturated C16 : 0 and unsaturated C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c. The major ubiquinone was Q-8. The dominant phospholipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. Cells accumulated ectoine as the main compatible solute. The DNA G+C content was 50.0 mol%. The isolate exhibited 94.0–95.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of methylotrophs belonging to the genus Methylophaga and 31 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the reference strain, Methylophaga alcalica VKM B-2251T. It is proposed that strain MPLT represents a novel species, Methylophaga lonarensis sp. nov. (type strain MPLT = VKM B-2684T = MCC 1002T).
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Planktotalea frisia gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the southern North Sea
A heterotrophic, aerobic bacterium, designated strain SH6-1T, was obtained from a seawater sample collected from the open North Sea during a phytoplankton bloom. Strain SH6-1T was isolated from a 10−6 dilution culture, which indicated a high abundance of this organism in the environmental sample. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain SH6-1T belonged to the marine Roseobacter clade (order Rhodobacterales ) within the class Alphaproteobacteria . Pelagicola litoralis CL-ES2T was the closest phylogenetic neighbour (96.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Cells of strain SH6-1T were small or elongated irregular rods. Optimal growth occurred between 20 and 25 °C and between pH 7.5 and 9.0 with peptone and yeast extract. On marine agar, the isolate formed non-pigmented, small, circular, convex colonies. For growth, cells required sodium ions and the vitamins pantothenic acid and nicotinic acid amide. The DNA G+C content was 53.8 mol%. The fatty acids (>1 %) were C10 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, C12 : 1, C12 : 1 3-OH, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 2 and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c. The polar lipid pattern indicated the presence of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified phospholipid. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Strain SH6-1T contained the genes pufLM, which code for the bacterial photosynthesis reaction centre; however, no bacteriochlorophyll a could be detected. Physiological, genotypic and phenotypic differences from P. litoralis support the description of a novel genus and species, for which we suggest the name Planktotalea frisia gen. nov., sp. nov; the type strain of the type species is SH6-1T ( = DSM 23709T = LMG 25294T).
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Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329T, was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gram-staining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange–yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 °C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at >7 % (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (33.52 %) and C17 : 1ω8c (11.73 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain UDC329T was 50.2 mol%. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences, strain UDC329T was grouped with members of the genus Shewanella and appeared most closely related to Shewanella fodinae JC15T (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Shewanella indica KJW27T (95.0 %), Shewanella algae ATCC 51192T (94.8 %), Shewanella haliotis DW01T (94.5 %) and Shewanella chilikensis JC5T (93.9 %). The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain UDC329T and S. fodinae JC15T was, however, only 27.4 %. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, strain UDC329T represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella dokdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC329T ( = KCTC 22898T = DSM 23626T).
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Emended description of the genus Methylophaga Janvier et al. 1985
More LessThe genus Methylophaga Janvier et al. 1985 comprises eight species with validly published names at the time of writing. The original description of the genus was published over 26 years ago and was based on only two species, namely Methylophaga marina and Methylophaga thalassica – as such, the description of the genus requires updating to take into account the other six known species. Based on literature concerning the eight species of Methylophaga published over the last 26 years, an emended description of the genus is presented, taking into account properties of all members of the species with validly published names.
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Methylobacterium oxalidis sp. nov., isolated from leaves of Oxalis corniculata
More LessA pink-pigmented, facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain 35aT, was isolated from the leaves of Oxalis corniculata. Cells of strain 35aT were Gram-reaction-negative, motile, non-spore-forming rods. The highest 16S rRNA gene pairwise sequence similarities for strain 35aT were found with the strains of Methylobacterium iners 5317S-33T (96.7 %), ‘Methylobacterium soli’ YIM 48816 (96.6 %) and Methylobacterium jeotgali S2R03-9T (96.3 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with the type strains of all other recognized species of the genus Methylobacterium were below 96 %. Major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization experiments, analysis of cpn60 gene sequences, fatty acid profiles, whole-cell MALDI-TOF/MS spectral pattern analysis, and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 35aT from its nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Strain 35aT is therefore considered to represent a novel species within the genus Methylobacterium , for which the name Methylobacterium oxalidis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 35aT ( = DSM 24028T = NBRC 107715T).
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Lysobacter arseniciresistens sp. nov., an arsenite-resistant bacterium isolated from iron-mined soil
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, arsenite [As(III)]-resistant bacterium, designated strain ZS79T, was isolated from subsurface soil of an iron mine in China. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ZS79T clustered closely with strains of five Lysobacter species, with 96.9, 96.1, 96.0, 95.8 and 95.3 % sequence similarities to Lysobacter concretionis Ko07T, L. daejeonensis GH1-9T, L. defluvii IMMIB APB-9T, L. spongiicola KMM 329T and L. ruishenii CTN-1T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (28.6 %), iso-C17 : 1ω9c (19.9 %), iso-C16 : 0 (13.6 %), iso-C11 : 0 (12.6 %) and iso-C11 : 0 3-OH (12.4 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid. On the basis of morphological and physiological/biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic position and chemotaxonomic data, this strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lysobacter , for which the name Lysobacter arseniciresistens sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is ZS79T ( = CGMCC 1.10752T = KCTC 23365T).
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Arenimonas daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from compost
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain T7-07T, was isolated from compost in Daejeon, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that strain T7-07T had 99.0 % gene sequence similarity with Arenimonas malthae KACC 14618T and 94.7–95.9 % with other recognized species of the genus Arenimonas . Cells formed creamy white to yellowish colonies on R2A agar and contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone, C15 : 0 iso, C16 : 0 iso, C17 : 1 iso ω9c and C11 : 0 iso 3-OH as the major fatty acids, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and an unknown aminolipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain T7-07T was 68.3 mol%. DNA–DNA reassociation experiments between T7-07T and Arenimonas malthae KACC 14618T resulted in a mean relatedness value of 22.2 %. Combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that the strain T7-07T represents a novel species, for which the name Arenimonas daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T7-07T ( = KCTC 12667T = DSM 18060T).
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Caenispirillum salinarum sp. nov., a member of the family Rhodospirillaceae isolated from a solar saltern
More LessA novel Gram-negative, vibrio-shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain AK4T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a solar saltern at Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Strain AK4T was positive for oxidase, urease and DNase activities but negative for gelatinase, catalase, ornithine decarboxylase, lysine decarboxylase, nitrate reduction, aesculin, indole and lipase activities. The fatty acids were dominated by unsaturated components, with a high abundance of summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c) and C17 : 1ω6c. Strain AK4T contained Q-10 as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain AK4T was 71.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AK4T was most closely related to the type strain of Caenispirillum bisanense of the family Rhodospirillaceae (phylum ‘ Proteobacteria ’) (96.6 % sequence similarity). It shared <93.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other members of the family. Based on phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic inference, strain AK4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Caenispirillum , for which the name Caenispirillum salinarum sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is AK4T ( = MTCC 10963T = JCM 17360T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Winogradskyella ulvae sp. nov., an epiphyte of a Pacific seaweed, and emended descriptions of the genus Winogradskyella and Winogradskyella thalassocola , Winogradskyella echinorum , Winogradskyella exilis and Winogradskyella eximia
More LessA Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, slightly halophilic bacterium that was motile by gliding, designated KMM 6390T, was isolated from the coastal green alga Ulva fenestrata collected from the Sea of Japan. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KMM 6390T was a member of the genus Winogradskyella , with Winogradskyella echinorum KMM 6211T as its closest relative (97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the isolate and other members of the genus Winogradskyella were 95.4–96.7 %. DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolate and W. echinorum KMM 6211T was 27 %. Strain KMM 6390T was able to grow with 0.5–4.0 % NaCl and at 4–37 °C. The isolate decomposed casein, gelatin, starch and DNA and produced acid from galactose, d-glucose, lactose and maltose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile comprised phosphatidylethanolamine and two unknown aminolipids. The DNA G+C content was 34.2 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic investigations, strain KMM 6390T represents a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella , for which the name Winogradskyella ulvae sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is KMM 6390T ( = KCTC 23626T = LMG 26444T). Emended descriptions of the genus Winogradskyella and of W. thalassocola , W. echinorum , W. exilis and W. eximia are also provided.
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Sphingobacterium lactis sp. nov. and Sphingobacterium alimentarium sp. nov., isolated from raw milk and a dairy environment
More LessFour non-fermenting, rod-shaped, Gram-staining-negative bacterial strains, designated WCC 4512T, WS 4555, WCC 4521T and WS 4556, were isolated from raw milk and the dairy environment. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and groEL gene sequences demonstrated the affiliation of the four strains to two distinct clusters within the class Sphingobacteriia , phylum ‘ Bacteroidetes ’. Strains WCC 4512T and WS 4555 showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of S. daejeonense (97.3 and 97.2 %, respectively), whereas strains WCC 4521T and WS 4556 were most closely related to S. composti LMG 23401T (97.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA G+C contents of strains WCC 4512T and WCC 4521T were 44.2 and 39.3 mol%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids and the presence of menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant quinone for both strains WCC 4512T and WCC 4521T supported their affiliation to the genus Sphingobacterium . DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain WCC 4512T and S. daejeonense LMG 23402T and between strain WCC 4521T and S. composti LMG 23401T revealed DNA relatedness values of 2 % (repetition, 3 %) and 8 % (repetition, 17 %), respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic properties, as well as phylogenetic distinctiveness, it is suggested that the four strains represent two novel Sphingobacterium species with strain WCC 4512T ( = DSM 22361T = LMG 25272T) as the type strain of Sphingobacterium lactis sp. nov. (WS 4555 is a reference strain of S. lactis) and strain WCC 4521T ( = DSM 22362T = LMG 25273T) as the type strain of Sphingobacterium alimentarium sp. nov. (WS 4556 is a reference strain of S. alimentarium).
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Salinibacter iranicus sp. nov. and Salinibacter luteus sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake, and emended descriptions of the genus Salinibacter and of Salinibacter ruber
More LessTwo Gram-staining-negative, red- and orange-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic bacteria, designated strains CB7T and DGOT, were isolated from Aran-Bidgol salt lake, Iran. Growth occurred at NaCl concentrations of between 2 and 5 M NaCl and the isolates grew optimally with 3 M NaCl. The optimum pH and temperature for growth of the two strains were pH 7.5 and 37 °C, and they were able to grow over pH and temperature ranges of pH 6–8 and 25–50 °C. The predominant fatty acids of the two isolates were C18 : 1ω7c, iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The polar lipid pattern of the two isolates consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, three unidentified lipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified glycolipids. The only quinone present was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of strains CB7T and DGOT were 64.8 and 65.6 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains CB7T and DGOT were related to Salinibacter ruber in the phylum Bacteroidetes . Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains CB7T and DGOT and Salinibacter ruber DSM 13855T were 93.2 and 93.6 %, respectively. The two novel strains shared 98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strains CB7T and DGOT and Salinibacter ruber DSM 13855T indicated levels of relatedness of 44 and 52 %, respectively, while the level of relatedness between the two new isolates was 53 %. Chemotaxonomic data supported the placement of strains CB7T and DGOT in the genus Salinibacter . DNA–DNA hybridization studies and biochemical and physiological characterization allowed strains CB7T and DGOT to be differentiated from Salinibacter ruber and from each other. They are therefore considered to represent two novel species of the genus Salinibacter , for which the names Salinibacter iranicus sp. nov. (type strain CB7T = IBRC-M 10036T = CGMCC 1.11003T) and Salinibacter luteus sp. nov. (type strain DGOT = IBRC-M 10423T = CGMCC 1.11002T) are proposed. Emended descriptions of the genus Salinibacter and of Salinibacter ruber are also presented.
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Postechiella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessA Gram-staining-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain M091T, was isolated from seawater at Damupo beach in Pohang, Republic of Korea, and investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The novel strain grew optimally at 25 °C, pH 7.0–8.0, and in the presence of 3 % (w/v) NaCl. In a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain M091T formed a lineage within the family Flavobacteriaceae that was distinct from the most closely related genera of Flaviramulus (95.1 % sequence similarity), Algibacter (94.9–93.9 %), Mariniflexile (94.8–94.2 %), Winogradskyella (94.8–93.2 %), Lacinutrix (94.7–93.8 %) and Tamlana (94.7–92.9 %). The polar lipid profile of the novel strain comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, one unidentified phospholipid and seven unidentified lipids. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (20.5 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (15.4 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (12.4 %), C15 : 0 (10.9 %) and iso-C15 : 1 G (9.9 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain M091T was 34.4 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-6. Based on phenotypic and genotypic data, strain M091T represents a new genus and novel species in the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Postechiella marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is M091T ( = KCTC 23537T = JCM 17630T).
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Hydrotalea sandarakina sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring runoff, and emended descriptions of the genus Hydrotalea and the species Hydrotalea flava
More LessTwo bacterial isolates, designated AF-51T and AF-50, with an optimum growth temperature of about 45 °C and an optimum pH for growth between 6.0 and 6.5, were recovered from a hot spring in the Furnas, Área da Fonte 1825, on the Island of São Miguel in the Azores. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, these strains were related most closely to the type strain of Hydrotalea flava at a pairwise similarity of 95.7 %. The two strains were orange-pigmented and formed non-motile, rod-shaped cells that stained Gram-negative and were aerobic and oxidase- and catalase-positive. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C16 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7. Based on phylogenetic, physiological and biochemical characteristics, these strains from the Azores are considered to represent a single novel species of the genus Hydrotalea , for which the name Hydrotalea sandarakina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AF-51T ( = DSM 23241T = LMG 25526T). We provide emended descriptions of the genus Hydrotalea and of H. flava to reflect new results obtained in this study.
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