- Volume 62, Issue Pt_5, 2012
Volume 62, Issue Pt_5, 2012
- Validation List
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published
The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors’ names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.
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- Notification List
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Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 62, part 2, of the IJSEM
This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles). Taxonomic opinions included in this List (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission.
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- New Taxa
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- Archaea
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Haloarchaeobius iranensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake
More LessStrain EB21T was isolated from a brine sample from Aran-Bidgol salt lake, a saline playa in Iran. Strain EB21T was an orange–red-pigmented, motile rod and required at least 2 M NaCl but not MgCl2 for growth. Optimal growth was achieved at 3.5 M NaCl and 0.2 M MgCl2. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.5 and 40 °C, while it was able to grow at pH 6.0–8.0 and 25–55 °C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain EB21T is a member of the family Halobacteriaceae , showing low levels of similarity to other members of the family. The highest sequence similarities, 91.8, 91.7 and 91.5 %, were obtained with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Halobiforma lacisalsi , Haloterrigena thermotolerans and Halalkalicoccus tibetensis , respectively. Polar lipid analyses revealed that strain EB21T contains phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate. Three unidentified glycolipids and one minor phospholipid were also observed. The only quinone present was MK-8(II-H2). The G+C content of its DNA was 67.7 mol%. On the basis of the data obtained, the new isolate could not be classified in any recognized genus. Strain EB21T is thus considered to represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae , order Halobacteriales , for which the name Haloarchaeobius iranensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Haloarchaeobius iranensis is EB21T ( = IBRC-M 10013T = KCTC 4048T).
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- Actinobacteria
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Proposal of Intrasporangium mesophilum sp. nov., and reclassification of Humihabitans oryzae Kageyama et al. 2007 as Intrasporangium oryzae comb. nov.
More LessA Gram-positive and aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM 49065T, was isolated from rhizospheric soil of Jatropha curcas in Yunnan, China. This isolate formed branched and fragmented mycelia containing ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acid profile was characterized by iso-C14 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, and the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that strain YIM 49065T was closely associated with Intrasporangium calvum DSM 43043T and Humihabitans oryzae KV-657T, exhibiting 98.8 % and 98.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Furthermore, DNA–DNA hybridizations among strains YIM 49065T, I. calvum DSM 43043T and H. oryzae DSM 22331T indicated that this isolate represented a novel species in the genus Intrasporangium . On the basis of these data, we proposed one novel species, Intrasporangium mesophilum sp. nov., for strain YIM 49065T ( = DSM 23217T = CCTCC AA 209077T). Additionally, the comparison of biochemical and phylogenetic characters supported the reclassification of Humihabitans oryzae as a separate species within the genus Intrasporangium , Intrasporangium oryzae comb. nov. (type strain KV-657T = JCM 15924T = NBRC 101802T = NRRL B-24470T).
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Gulosibacter chungangensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from a marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Gulosibacter
More LessA Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, irregular short rod, strain CAU 9625T, was isolated from a sediment of the Yellow Sea in the Republic of Korea. Strain CAU 9625T grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 8.0 and in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CAU 9625T belonged to the genus Gulosibacter , which has one known member, Gulosibacter molinativorax . Strain CAU 9625T and G. molinativorax ON4T shared 97.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and formed a distinct cluster (99 % bootstrap support) within the family Microbacteriaceae . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CAU 9625T and G. molinativorax DSM 13485T was 35.4±0.9 %. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. The major whole-cell sugars were ribose and glucose. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The fatty acid composition was similar to that of G. molinativorax DSM 13485T, with anteiso-C15 : 0 as the predominant fatty acid. The DNA G+C content of strain CAU 9625T was 66.2 mol%. The phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness and several differentiating phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties revealed that strain CAU 9625T was distinguishable from G. molinativorax and other phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of these data, strain CAU 9625T represents a novel species of the genus Gulosibacter , for which the name Gulosibacter chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 9625T ( = KCTC 13959T = CCUG 60841T).
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Kribbella amoyensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of a pharmaceutical plant, Typhonium giganteum Engl.
More LessAn actinomycete, designated XMU 198T, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a pharmaceutical plant, Typhonium giganteum Engl., collected in Xiamen City, China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate exhibited highest sequence similarities with Kribbella flavida KACC 20148T, K. karoonensis Q41T and K. alba YIM 31975T (98.7, 98.4 and 98.2 %, respectively). The chemotaxonomic characteristics further supported the assignment of strain XMU 198T to the genus Kribbella : ll-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan; glucose and galactose with minor amounts of ribose as the whole-cell sugars; polar lipids comprising phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified phospholipids; a fatty acid profile characterized by the predominance of iso-C16 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0; and MK-9(H4) as the main menaquinone. Gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB) sequence analysis showed that the genetic distances between strain XMU 198T and all other members of the genus Kribbella were greater than 0.014, the value used as the threshold for species delineation within this genus. A wide range of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, as well as DNA–DNA relatedness between strain XMU 198T and K. flavida DSM 17836T (41.18 %), K. karoonensis Q41T (38.02 %) and K. alba DSM 15500T (50.58 %), distinguished the isolate from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. On the basis of the above data, a novel species of the genus Kribbella , Kribbella amoyensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is XMU 198T ( = DSM 24683T = NBRC 107914T).
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Actinomadura sediminis sp. nov., a marine actinomycete isolated from mangrove sediment
In this study, the taxonomic position of an actinobacterium, strain YIM M 10931T, which was isolated from a mangrove sediment sample collected in Dugong Creek, Little Andaman, India, was determined by a polyphasic approach. This Gram-positive, aerobic strain produced branched substrate mycelium and aerial hyphae, which differentiated into short, hooked or spiral spore chains. The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The whole cell sugars consisted of mannose, ribose, glucose, galactose and madurose. The cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of iso-C16 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0 and C16 : 0. The quinone system was predominantly composed of MK-9(H8) (45.5 %) and MK-9(H6) (39 %). The phospholipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylinositol and two unknown phospholipids. The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Actinomadura . Moreover, phylogenetic analysis based on a 16S rRNA gene sequence generated from the strain identified its closest relatives as Actinomadura cremea DSM 43676T (98.4 % sequence similarity), Actinomadura rifamycini DSM 43936T (97.4 %) and Actinomadura apis IM17-1T (96.9 %). It was obvious from the resulting phylogenetic trees that strain YIM M 10931T belongs to a distinct subclade within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Actinomadura . DNA–DNA hybridizations of strain YIM M 10931T with A. cremea DSM 43676T and A. rifamycini DSM 43936T were performed and further confirmed that the isolate represents a separate genomic species. Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics presented, it is proposed that strain YIM M 10931T represents a novel species within the genus Actinomadura , for which the name Actinomadura sediminis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is YIM M 10931T ( = CCTCC AA 2010009T = DSM 45500T).
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Streptomyces pharmamarensis sp. nov. isolated from a marine sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-positive actinobacterium, strain PM267T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample in the Mediterranean Sea. The novel strain produced extensively branched substrate and aerial hyphae that carried spiral spore chains. Substrate and aerial mycelia were cream–white and white, respectively. Diffusible pigments were not observed. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain PM267T belonged to the genus Streptomyces and shared a gene sequence similarity of 97.1 % with Streptomyces artemisiae YIM 63135T and Streptomyces armeniacus JCM 3070T. Values <97 % were obtained with other sequences representing members of the genus Streptomyces . The cell wall peptidoglycan contained ll -diaminopimelic acid. MK-9(H8) was the major menaquinone. The phospholipid pattern included phosphatidylethanolamine as diagnostic lipid (type II). Major fatty acids found were iso- and anteiso- fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 71.2 mol%. The strain was halotolerant and was able to grow in the presence of 9 % (w/v) NaCl (with an optimum of 2 %). On the basis of these results and additional physiological data obtained in the present study, strain PM267T represents a novel species within the genus Streptomyces for which the name Streptomyces pharmamarensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain PM267T = CECT 7841T = DSM 42032T).
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Nocardioides daejeonensis sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from sludge in a sewage-disposal plant
More LessStrain MJ31T, a Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a sludge sample collected at the Daejeon sewage-disposal plant, in South Korea, and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain MJ31T belonged to the genus Nocardioides , appearing most closely related to Nocardioides dubius KSL-104T (98.6 % sequence similarity), Nocardioides jensenii DSM 20641T (97.6 %), Nocardioides daedukensis MDN22T (97.2 %) and Nocardioides mesophilus MSL-22T (97.0 %). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain MJ31T were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides : MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c were the predominant cellular fatty acids, and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was based on ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain MJ31T was 71.2 mol%. Some differential phenotypic properties and low DNA–DNA relatedness values (<28 %) with the type strains of closely related species indicated that strain MJ31T represents a novel species, for which the name Nocardioides daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MJ31T ( = KCTC 19772T = JCM 16922T).
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Mycobacterium litorale sp. nov., a rapidly growing mycobacterium from soil
More LessA Gram-positive, acid-fast and rapidly growing rod, designated F4T, was isolated from a soil sample of Haikou in China. The isolate shared 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Mycobacterium monacense B9-21-178T, 96.2 % hsp65 sequence similarity with M. monacense FI-05352 and 79.6 % 16S–23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer sequence similarity with M. monacense B9-21-178T. DNA–DNA relatedness between the isolate and M. monacense DSM 44395T was 43.5 %. The morphological analysis and physiological tests also showed that the isolate differed from any strain reported to date. The mycolic acid profile and the cellular fatty acid composition were also determined. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic data, it was concluded that strain F4T ( = CGMCC 4.5724T = JCM 17423T) merited classification as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Mycobacterium litorale sp. nov. is proposed.
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- Firmicutes and Related Organisms
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Gracilibacillus kekensis sp. nov., a moderate halophile isolated from Keke Salt Lake
A novel moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain K170T, was isolated from Keke Salt Lake in Qinghai, China. The strain grew with 0–22 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4–50 °C and at pH 6–11, with optimum growth in 3 % (w/v) NaCl, at 40 °C and at pH 8. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7). The polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, aminolipids and glycolipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 35.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain K170T was a member of the genus Gracilibacillus . High levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found between strain K170T and Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans DSM 17256T (97.3 %) and Gracilibacillus thailandensis JCM 15569T (97.1 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain K170T and the type strains of other recognized members of the genus Gracilibacillus were below 97 %. The DNA–DNA hybridization values of strain K170T with G. boraciitolerans DSM 17256T and G. thailandensis JCM 15569T were 21.9 % and 34.3 %, respectively. On the basis of these results, strain K170T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus , for which the name Gracilibacillus kekensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is K170T ( = CGMCC 1.10681T = DSM 23178T).
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Bacillus kochii sp. nov., isolated from foods and a pharmaceuticals manufacturing site
More LessThree Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, catalase-positive, endospore-forming rods, designated WCC 4582T, WCC 4581 and WCC 4583, were isolated from two different food sources and a pharmaceuticals production site. The three isolates were highly similar in their 16S rRNA gene sequences (100 % similarity) and groEL sequences (99.2–100 % similarity), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic fingerprints and other features tested. The isolates were most closely related to Bacillus horneckiae ; the isolates and the type strain of B. horneckiae shared 97.6 % and 89.6 % 16S rRNA gene and groEL sequence similarities, respectively. The organisms grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7 and in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of WCC 4582T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (A1γ) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 36.4 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain WCC 4582T and B. horneckiae NRRL B-59162T was 17 %. The three isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus , for which the name Bacillus kochii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WCC 4582T ( = DSM 23667T = CCUG 59877T = LMG 25855T).
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Leuconostoc miyukkimchii sp. nov., isolated from brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) kimchi
More LessA Gram-staining-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming lactic acid bacterium, designated strain M2T, was isolated from fermented brown algae (Undaria pinnatifida) kimchi in South Korea. Cells of the isolate were facultatively anaerobic ovoids and showed catalase- and oxidase-negative reactions. Growth of strain M2T was observed at 4–35 °C and at pH 5.0–9.0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain M2T belonged to the genus Leuconostoc and was most closely related to Leuconostoc inhae IH003T, Leuconostoc kimchii IH25T, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum LMG 18811T, Leuconostoc gelidum DSM 5578T, Leuconostoc palmae TMW2.694T and Leuconostoc holzapfelii BFE 7000T with 98.9 %, 98.8 %, 98.8 %, 98.7 %, 98.5 % and 98.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain M2T and Leuconostoc inhae KACC 12281T, Leuconostoc kimchii IH25T, Leuconostoc gelidum KACC 12256T, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum KACC 13854T, Leuconostoc palmae DSM 21144T and Leuconostoc holzapfelii DSM 21478T were 13.8±3.2 %, 14.3±3.4 %, 9.9±1.0 %, 13.2±0.8 %, 22.4±4.9 % and 16.2±4.6 %, respectively, which allowed differentiation of strain M2T from the closely related species of the genus Leuconostoc . On the basis of phenotypic and molecular properties, strain M2T represents a novel species in the genus Leuconostoc , for which the name Leuconostoc miyukkimchii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M2T ( = KACC 15353T = JCM 17445T).
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Lysinibacillus macroides sp. nov., nom. rev.
‘Bacillus macroides’ ATCC 12905T ( = DSM 54T = LMG 18474T), isolated in 1947 from cow dung, was not included in the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and so it lost standing in bacteriological nomenclature. Reinvestigation of the strain, including DNA–DNA relatedness experiments, revealed that ‘Bacillus macroides’ is genomically distinct from its closest relatives Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus , Lysinibacillus boronitolerans and Lysinibacillus fusiformis (as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, with pairwise similarity values of 99.2, 98.8 and 98.5 %, respectively, with the type strains of these species). Further analysis showed that ‘Bacillus macroides’ shares the A4α l-Lys–d-Asp peptidoglycan type with other members of the genus Lysinibacillus and can thus be attributed to this genus. These results, combined with additional phenotypic data, justify the description of strain LMG 18474T ( = DSM 54T = ATCC 12905T) as Lysinibacillus macroides sp. nov., nom. rev.
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Lactobacillus nasuensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from silage, and emended description of the genus Lactobacillus
More LessTwo strains of lactic acid bacteria, designated SU 18T and SU 83, were isolated from silage prepared with Sudan grass [Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf.]. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods that did not produce gas from glucose. The isolates exhibited ≥93.5 % DNA–DNA relatedness to each other and shared the same phenotypic characteristics, which indicated that they belonged to a single species. The DNA G+C content was 58.5–59.2 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were placed in the genus Lactobacillus . Their closest phylogenetic neighbours were Lactobacillus manihotivorans JCM 12514T and Lactobacillus camelliae JCM 13995T (95.9 and 96.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, with strain SU 18T). Ribotyping revealed that strain SU 18T was well separated from L. manihotivorans JCM 12514T and L. camelliae JCM 13995T. Strain SU 18T exhibited ≤23.7 % DNA–DNA relatedness with its closest phylogenetic neighbours. The isolates represent a novel species in the genus Lactobacillus , for which the name Lactobacillus nasuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SU 18T ( = JCM 17158T = CGMCC 1.10801T). The description of the genus Lactobacillus is also amended.
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- Proteobacteria
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Lentibacter algarum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal water during a massive green algae bloom
More LessTwo novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic strains (ZXM100T and ZXM098) were isolated from seawater in the coastal region of Qingdao (36.027° N 120.184° E), China, during a massive green algae bloom. Cells were ovoid to irregular short rods and lacked flagella. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate was accumulated. Cells did not contain bacteriochlorophyll a. The isolates grew at NaCl concentrations of 3–9 % and 22–28 °C. C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acid components. The polar lipids of ZXM100T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, a single lipid and an unidentified aminolipid. The predominant isoprenoid quinone of ZXM100T was Q-10. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae . Based on the results obtained in this study, strain ZXM100T was considered to represent a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Lentibacter algarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ZXM100T ( = LMG 24861T = CGMCC 1.10234T); the DNA G+C content of the type strain is 54.6 mol%.
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Inhella fonticola sp. nov., isolated from spring water, and emended description of the genus Inhella
More LessA yellow-pigmented bacterial strain designated TNR-25T was isolated from spring water in Taiwan and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain TNR-25T was Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum, 25 °C), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–0.5 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain TNR-25T belonged to the genus Inhella and its closest neighbour was Inhella inkyongensis IMCC1713T with 98.1 % sequence similarity. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of strain TNR-25T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acids were C10 : 0 3-OH and C12 : 0 3-OH. The isoprenoid quinone was Q-8 and the DNA G+C content was 69.6 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, diphosphatidylglycerol and several uncharacterized phospholipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain TNR-25T and I. inkyongensis IMCC1713T was about 30.6–35.5 %. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain TNR-25T represents a novel species in the genus Inhella , for which the name Inhella fonticola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is TNR-25T ( = BCRC 80211T = LMG 25721T).
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Phaeospirillum tilakii sp. nov., a phototrophic alphaproteobacterium isolated from aquatic sediments
More LessTwo strains (JA492T and JA590) of spiral-shaped, anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, motile, purple non-sulfur bacteria were isolated from aquatic sediments from a bird sanctuary and a stream, respectively, and were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids (rhodopin, lycopene, hydroxylycopene glucoside and dihydroxylycopene diglucoside) were present as photosynthetic pigments. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were of the stacked type. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) in both strains. Ubiquinones and menaquinones were present as major quinone components. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains JA492T and JA590 were 63.8 and 61.5 mol%, respectively. Both strains were closely related (mean DNA–DNA hybridization >70 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strains clustered with species of the genus Phaeospirillum of the family Rhodospirillaceae , class Alphaproteobacteria . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, both strains showed highest sequence similarity with Phaeospirillum oryzae JA317T (97.2–97.4 %), Phaeospirillum molischianum DSM 120T (96.5–96.7 %), Phaeospirillum fulvum DSM 113T (96.7–96.9 %) and Phaeospirillum chandramohanii JA145T (96.5–96.7 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain JA492T and its closest relative in the genus Phaeospirillum was less than 42 %. It is evident from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular genetic data that strain JA492T represents a novel species of the genus Phaeospirillum , for which the name Phaeospirillum tilakii sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is JA492T ( = NBRC 107650T = KCTC 15012T).
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Chitinivorax tropicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from a freshwater lake
More LessA facultatively anaerobic, chitinolytic bacterium, strain KL-9T, was isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan and characterized by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain KL-9T were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a single polar flagellum and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 15–40 °C (optimum, 30–37 °C), at pH 7.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 8.0) and with 0–1.0 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and C16 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain KL-9T was 64.6 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and several uncharacterized phospholipids and aminolipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KL-9T formed a distinct lineage with respect to closely related genera within the class Betaproteobacteria , being most closely related to members of the genera Leeia , Chitinimonas , Silvimonas and Andreprevotia . Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with respect to the type strains of type species of these genera were below 91 %. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic data, strain KL-9T is thus considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the class Betaproteobacteria , for which the name Chitinivorax tropicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Chitinivorax tropicus is KL-9T ( = BCRC 80168T = LMG 25530T).
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Neptuniibacter halophilus sp. nov., isolated from a salt pan, and emended description of the genus Neptuniibacter
More LessA bacterial strain designated antisso-13T was isolated from a salt pan in southern Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain antisso-13T was Gram-negative, aerobic, creamy white in colour, rod-shaped and motile by single monopolar flagellum. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain antisso-13T belonged to the genus Neptuniibacter and its closest neighbour was Neptuniibacter caesariensis MED92T, with 96.7 % sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analyses based on rpoB and recA gene sequences and deduced amino acid sequences also revealed that the novel strain and N. caesariensis MED92T formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster. Strain antisso-13T exhibited optimal growth at 25–30 °C, with 2.0–4.0 % NaCl and at pH 7.0. Cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1ω7c (39.8 %), C18 : 1ω7c (29.4 %), C16 : 0 (15.5 %), C10 : 0 3-OH (7.5 %), anteiso-C11 : 0 (1.8 %), C18 : 0 (1.8 %), C11 : 0 2-OH (1.6 %), iso-C10 : 0 (1.2 %) and C14 : 0 (1.1 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several uncharacterized polar lipids and the DNA G+C content was 54.2 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed clear phenotypic differentiation of this isolate from previously described members of the genus Neptuniibacter . It is evident from the genotypic and phenotypic data that strain antisso-13T should be classified as a representative of a novel species in the genus Neptuniibacter . The name proposed for this taxon is Neptuniibacter halophilus sp. nov.; the type strain is antisso-13T ( = LMG 25378T = BCRC 80079T). An emended description of the genus Neptuniibacter is provided.
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Camelimonas abortus sp. nov., isolated from placental tissue of cattle
More LessA Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, isolated from placental tissue of a cow, was investigated for its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, strain UK34/07-5T was shown to belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria , closely related to the type strain of Camelimonas lactis (96.0 % sequence similarity). The polyamine pattern showed the major compound spermidine and moderate amounts of putrescine. The major quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major compounds phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and moderate amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The profile of major fatty acids, consisting of C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c and C18 : 1ω7c, with C18 : 0 3-OH as the hydroxylated fatty acid, was very similar to that of C. lactis M 2040T. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed both genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the isolate from C. lactis . The relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.0 % to C. lactis M 2040T and marked differences in the polar lipid profiles as well as the results of physiological tests and the DNA–DNA hybridization data support the creation of a novel species, for which the name Camelimonas abortus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain UK34/07-5T ( = CIP 110303T = CCUG 61094T = DSM 24741T = CCM 7941T).
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Shewanella arctica sp. nov., an iron-reducing bacterium isolated from Arctic marine sediment
More LessTwo strains of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, which could couple lactate oxidation to iron reduction for energy conservation, were isolated from Arctic marine sediment. The strains, IR12T and IR26, were both Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and facultative anaerobes. Their cells were rod-shaped and motile by means of a polar flagellum. Both strains grew in the presence of 0.5–3.5 % (w/v) NaCl, with an absolute requirement for Na+. Both were psychrotolerant since they could grow at 4-28 °C but had an optimum growth temperature of 20 °C. Both grew at pH 4.5–9.0 (optimum, pH 7.5). The major fatty acids of strains IR12T and IR26 were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c) and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains IR12T and IR26 belonged to the class Gammaproteobacteria and were most closely related to Shewanella vesiculosa M7T, Shewanella livingstonensis NF22T and Shewanella frigidimarina ACAM 591T (with 98.5 and 98.8 %, 98.5 and 98.8 %, and 98.5 and 98.8 % sequence similarities, respectively). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains IR12T and IR26 were 40.0 and 40.3 mol%, respectively. DNA–DNA relatedness data indicated that the two novel strains represented a single species that was distinct from S. vesiculosa M7T, S. livingstonensis NF22T and S. frigidimarina ACAM 591T. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the two new strains represent a single novel species of the genus Shewanella , for which the name Shewanella arctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IR12T ( = KCTC 23109T = JCM 16723T).
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Reclassification of Rhizobium tropici type A strains as Rhizobium leucaenae sp. nov.
Rhizobium tropici is a well-studied legume symbiont characterized by high genetic stability of the symbiotic plasmid and tolerance to tropical environmental stresses such as high temperature and low soil pH. However, high phenetic and genetic variabilities among R. tropici strains have been largely reported, with two subgroups, designated type A and B, already defined within the species. A polyphasic study comprising multilocus sequence analysis, phenotypic and genotypic characterizations, including DNA–DNA hybridization, strongly supported the reclassification of R. tropici type A strains as a novel species. Type A strains formed a well-differentiated clade that grouped with R. tropici , Rhizobium multihospitium , Rhizobium miluonense , Rhizobium lusitanum and Rhizobium rhizogenes in the phylogenies of the 16S rRNA, recA, gltA, rpoA, glnII and rpoB genes. Several phenotypic traits differentiated type A strains from all related taxa. The novel species, for which the name Rhizobium leucaenae sp. nov. is proposed, is a broad host range rhizobium being able to establish effective root-nodule symbioses with Leucaena leucocephala, Leucaena esculenta, common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Gliricidia sepium. Strain CFN 299T ( = USDA 9039T = LMG 9517T = CECT 4844T = JCM 21088T = IAM 14230T = SEMIA 4083T = CENA 183T = UMR1026T = CNPSo 141T) is designated the type strain of Rhizobium leucaenae sp. nov.
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Azospirillum formosense sp. nov., a diazotroph from agricultural soil
More LessA Gram-negative, spiral or rod-shaped, non-spore-forming diazotrophic bacterium, designated CC-Nfb-7T, was isolated from agricultural soil in Yunlin County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CC-Nfb-7T was most closely related to Azospirillum brasilense DSM 1690T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Azospirillum rugosum IMMIB AFH-6T (96.8 %) and Azospirillum oryzae JCM 21588T (96.6 %); <96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with all other members of the genus Azospirillum . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CC-Nfb-7T and A. brasilense DSM 1690T, A. rugosum DSM 19657T and A. oryzae JCM 21588T was 38.9, 30.1 and 31.8 %, respectively. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (consisting of C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (consisting of C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 2 (consisting of C14 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C16 : 1 I), C16 : 0, C18 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted mainly of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified phospholipid. Furthermore, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and one unidentified aminophospholipid were also detected. Strain CC-Nfb-7T could be distinguished from members of phylogenetically related species by differences in phenotypic properties. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CC-Nfb-7T represents a novel species within the genus Azospirillum , for which we propose the name Azospirillum formosense sp. nov. The type strain is CC-Nfb-7T ( = BCRC 80273T = JCM 17639T = DSM 24137T).
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Sandaracinus amylolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a starch-degrading soil myxobacterium, and description of Sandaracinaceae fam. nov.
More LessA novel starch-degrading myxobacterium designated NOSO-4T (new organism of the Sorangiineae strain 4) was isolated in 1995 from a soil sample containing plant residues, collected in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. The novel bacterium shows typical myxobacterial characteristics such as Gram-negative, rod-shaped vegetative cells, swarming colonies, fruiting body-like aggregates and bacteriolytic activity. The strain is mesophilic, strictly aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, NOSO-4T shows highest similarity (96.2 %) with the unidentified bacterial strain O29 (accession no. FN554397), isolated from leek (Allium porrum) rhizosphere, and to the myxobacteria Jahnella thaxteri (88.9 %) and Chondromyces pediculatus (88.5 %). Major fatty acids are C17 : 1 2-OH, C20 : 4ω6 (arachidonic acid), and the straight-chain fatty acids C17 : 0, C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content of the novel isolate is 66.8 mol%. It is proposed that strain NOSO-4T represents a novel species in a new genus, i.e. Sandaracinus amylolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., but also belongs to a new family, Sandaracinaceae fam. nov. The type strain of the type species, S. amylolyticus sp. nov., is NOSO-4T ( = DSM 53668T = NCCB 100362T).
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- Bacteroidetes
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Salinimicrobium gaetbulicola sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment
More LessA Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding and short rod- or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated BB-My20T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment taken from the southern coast of Korea. Strain BB-My20T grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BB-My20T fell within the clade comprising Salinimicrobium species, joining Salinimicrobium catena HY1T, with which it had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of 97.4 %. It exhibited 95.4–96.9 % sequence similarity to the type strains of other members of the genus Salinimicrobium . Strain BB-My20T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids detected in strain BB-My20T and S. catena JCM 14015T were phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of strain BB-My20T was 45.1 mol% and its mean DNA–DNA relatedness value with S. catena JCM 14015T was 4.5 %. Differential phenotypic properties, together with its phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain BB-My20T can be distinguished from the four recognized species of the genus Salinimicrobium . On the basis of the data presented, strain BB-My20T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Salinimicrobium , for which the name Salinimicrobium gaetbulicola sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is BB-My20T ( = KCTC 23579T = CCUG 60898T).
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Flavivirga jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Flavivirga amylovorans sp. nov., new members of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genera Psychroserpens and Lacinutrix
More LessTwo yellow, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strains, designated JC2682T and JC2681T, were isolated from a seawater sample of Jeju Island, Korea. The isolates required sea salts for growth and showed gliding motility. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains JC2682T and JC2681T shared 96.9 % similarity and formed a robust monophyletic group within the radiation encompassing the family Flavobacteriaceae . This distinct clade, which had varying branch positions depending on the tree-making algorithm used, represents a new genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae . The predominant isoprenoid quinone (menaquinone 6, MK-6) and DNA G+C content (27–33 mol%) were consistent with its assignment to the family Flavobacteriaceae , but the polar lipid profile, fatty acid composition and overall phenotypic traits demonstrated that the test strains were not closely affiliated to any recognized genera. Based on data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strains JC2682T and JC2681T are considered to represent two novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the names Flavivirga jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Flavivirga amylovorans sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Flavivirga jejuensis is JC2682T ( = KACC 14158T = JCM 17113T). The type strain of Flavivirga amylovorans is JC2681T ( = KACC 14157T = JCM 17112T). Amended descriptions of the genera Psychroserpens and Lacinutrix are provided.
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Geofilum rubicundum gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from deep subseafloor sediment
A novel, facultatively anaerobic bacterium (strain JAM-BA0501T) was isolated from a deep subseafloor sediment sample at a depth of 247 m below seafloor off the Shimokita Peninsula of Japan in the north-western Pacific Ocean (Site C9001, 1180 m water depth). Cells of strain JAM-BA0501T were Gram-negative, filamentous, non-spore-forming and motile on solid medium by gliding. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JAM-BA0501T indicated a distant relationship to strains representing genera within the order Bacteroidales , such as Alkaliflexus imshenetskii Z-7010T (91.1 % similarity), Marinilabilia salmonicolor ATCC 19041T (86.2 %) and Anaerophaga thermohalophila Fru22T (89.3 %). The new isolate produced isoprenoid quinones with menaquinone MK-7 as the major component, and the predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 42.9 mol%. Based on its taxonomic distinctiveness, strain JAM-BA0501T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Marinilabiliaceae , for which the name Geofilum rubicundum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Geofilum rubicundum is JAM-BA0501T ( = JCM 15548T = NCIMB 14482T).
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Muricauda beolgyonensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat
More LessThe taxonomic position of a Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain BB-My12T, which was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a tidal flat in Korea, was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain BB-My12T grew optimally at 37 °C, at pH 7.0–7.5 and in the presence of 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. In phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain BB-My12T fell within the cluster comprising species of the genus Muricauda and appeared most similar to the type strains of Muricauda aquimarina , Muricauda lutimaris and Muricauda ruestringensis (97.5–97.6 % sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. Strain BB-My12T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C15 : 1, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids of strain BB-My12T were phosphatidylethanolamine and four unidentified lipids. The DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain BB-My12T and the type strains of the three species of the genus Muricauda that appeared most closely related were in the range 5–7 %. The genetic distinctiveness and some phenotypic properties indicated that strain BB-My12T did not belong to any established species of the genus Muricauda . Strain BB-My12T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Muricauda , for which the name Muricauda beolgyonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BB-My12T ( = KCTC 23501T = CCUG 60800T).
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Bacteroides stercorirosoris sp. nov. and Bacteroides faecichinchillae sp. nov., isolated from chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) faeces
Strains of Gram-negative anaerobic rods were isolated from chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) faeces, and three strains, ST161T, ST33 and ST37T, were investigated taxonomically. Based on phylogenetic analyses and specific phenotypic characteristics, the three strains were allocated to the genus Bacteroides . Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ST161T formed a distinct line of descent, with highest sequence similarity to strain ST33 (98.7 %) and Bacteroides oleiciplenus JCM 16102T (97.7 %). High levels of DNA–DNA relatedness (79–89 %) were found between strains ST161T and ST33, but low levels were found between strain ST161T and B. oleiciplenus JCM 16102T (33–37 %) and between strain ST33 and B. oleiciplenus JCM 16102T (33–37 %). These data clearly indicated that strains ST161T and ST33 represent a single novel species. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that strain ST37T also formed a distinct line of descent, with highest sequence similarity to Bacteroides acidifaciens JCM 10556T (96.5 %) and Bacteroides caccae JCM 9498T (95.6 %). Analysis of hsp60 gene sequences also supported these relationships. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, two novel species, Bacteroides stercorirosoris sp. nov. and Bacteroides faecichinchillae sp. nov., are thus proposed. The type strains of B. stercorirosoris and B. faecichinchillae are ST161T ( = JCM 17103T = CCUG 60872T) and ST37T ( = JCM 17102T = CCUG 60873T), respectively. The DNA G+C contents of strains ST161T and ST37T were 45.7 and 41.0 mol%, respectively.
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Flavobacterium xueshanense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium urumqiense sp. nov., two psychrophilic bacteria isolated from glacier ice
More LessTwo Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, designated strains Sr22T and Sr25T, were isolated from water of melted ice from the China No.1 glacier, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Cells formed yellow, circular, convex colonies. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains Sr22T and Sr25T belong to the genus Flavobacterium , sharing ≤99.1 and ≤99.6 % similarity, respectively, with the type strains of recognized species of the genus. Strain Sr22T shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Flavobacterium tiangeerense CGMCC 1.6847T (98.6 %), Flavobacterium fryxellicola LMG 22022T (98.1 %) and Flavobacterium omnivorum CGMCC 1.2747T (99.1 %). Strain Sr25T shared highest similarity with Flavobacterium sinopsychrotolerans CGMCC 1.8704T (98.5 %), Flavobacterium degerlachei NBRC 102677T (98.4 %) and Flavobacterium xinjiangense CGMCC 1.2749T (99.5 %). The predominant fatty acids of strain Sr22T were iso-C15 : 1 G (6.01 %), iso-C15 : 0 (8.93 %), iso-C16 : 1 H (12.68 %), iso-C16 : 0 (10.4 %), C15 : 1ω6c (8.97 %), C17 : 1ω6c (5.96 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (11.14 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 12.33 %). The major fatty acids of strain Sr25T were iso-C15 : 0 (10.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (5.23 %), C15 : 1ω6c (11.79 %), C17 : 1ω6c (5.43 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (7.04 %) and summed feature 3 (20.42 %). The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains Sr22T and Sr25T were 37.2 and 35.1 mol%. On the basis of differential phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, these strains are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Flavobacterium , for which the names Flavobacterium xueshanense sp. nov. (type strain Sr22T = CGMCC 1.9227T = NBRC 106479T) and Flavobacterium urumqiense sp. nov. (type strain Sr25T = CGMCC 1.9230T = NBRC 106480T) are proposed.
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Spongiibacterium flavum gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the marine sponge Halichondria oshoro, and emended descriptions of the genera Croceitalea and Flagellimonas
More LessA Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, non-gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive, yellow-pigmented rod, designated A11T, was isolated from a marine sponge, Halichondria oshoro, collected on the coastline of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain A11T was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae . Its closest relatives were members of the genera Muricauda , Flagellimonas and Croceitalea (94.4–94.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The only polar lipid detected in strain A11T was phosphatidylethanolamine. The dominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (30.4 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (26.7 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (12.4 %) and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (7.3 %). The DNA G+C content of strain A11T was 41.7 mol% and its major respiratory quinone was MK-6. On the basis of combined data from phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain A11T represents a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae , for which the name Spongiibacterium flavum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is A11T ( = KCTC 22665T = DSM 22638T). Emended descriptions of the genera Croceitalea and Flagellimonas are also given.
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- Other Bacteria
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Moorea producens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov., tropical marine cyanobacteria rich in bioactive secondary metabolites
The filamentous cyanobacterial genus Moorea gen. nov., described here under the provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, is a cosmopolitan pan-tropical group abundant in the marine benthos. Members of the genus Moorea are photosynthetic (containing phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, allophycocyanin and chlorophyll a), but non-diazotrophic (lack heterocysts and nitrogenase reductase genes). The cells (discoid and 25–80 µm wide) are arranged in long filaments (<10 cm in length) and often form extensive mats or blooms in shallow water. The cells are surrounded by thick polysaccharide sheaths covered by a rich diversity of heterotrophic micro-organisms. A distinctive character of this genus is its extraordinarily rich production of bioactive secondary metabolites. This is matched by genomes rich in polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic genes which are dedicated to secondary metabolism. The encoded natural products are sometimes responsible for harmful algae blooms and, due to morphological resemblance to the genus Lyngbya , this group has often been incorrectly cited in the literature. We here describe two species of the genus Moorea: Moorea producens sp. nov. (type species of the genus) with 3LT as the nomenclature type, and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov. with PNG5-198R as the nomenclature type.
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- Eukaryotic Micro-organisms
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Cryptococcus cyanovorans sp. nov., a basidiomycetous yeast isolated from cyanide-contaminated soil
More LessEighteen yeast strains were isolated and identified from cyanide-contaminated soil in South Africa. According to sequence-based analyses using the D1/D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit and ITS region, three of these strains were found to be identical and represent a novel species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined dataset of the D1/D2 and ITS regions revealed a grouping with Cryptococcus curvatus, representing a defined clade (Curvatus) in the order Trichosporonales. The three strains were demarcated from Cryptococcus curvatus by standard physiological tests such as assimilation of lactose, xylitol, 5-keto-d-gluconate, succinate and citrate as well as growth on media containing 10 % (w/v) NaCl and 5 % (w/v) glucose. In addition, it was established that these strains could utilize up to 10 mM NaCN as sole carbon source on solid media and as sole nitrogen source in liquid media. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that the three strains represent a novel species for which the name Cryptococcus cyanovorans sp. nov. is given (type strain CBS 11948T = NRRL Y-48730T).
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Citeromyces hawaiiensis sp. nov., an ascosporic yeast associated with Myoporum sandwicense
More LessCiteromyces hawaiiensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-11581T = CBS 12303T, type strain) is described from 12 strains isolated from flux of the sandalwood (Myoporum sandwicense) and adjacent soil in Hawaii, USA. Analyses of gene sequences from the D1/D2 domains of nuclear large subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA and translation elongation factor-1α each separated the proposed novel species from Citeromyces matritensis and Citeromyces siamensis, the other known species of the genus Citeromyces. The three species are morphologically similar but they can be separated by growth reactions in standard assimilation tests. An additional strain of Citeromyces siamensis (NRRL Y-11788), a species previously known only from Thailand, was obtained from spoiled condensed milk in Ohio, USA.
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Volumes and issues
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