- Volume 62, Issue Pt_10, 2012

A novel actinomycete, designated strain FXJ1.034T, was isolated from acidic soil collected in Jiangxi Province, South-east China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain FXJ1.034T belonged to the genus Lentzea and showed high sequence similarities to Lentzea kentuckyensis NRRL B-24416T (98.5 %) and Lentzea albida NBRC 16102T (98.3 %). Morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics supported its assignment to the genus Lentzea . The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the novel strain from closely related species. Based on the evidence presented here, strain FXJ1.034T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea , for which the name Lentzea jiangxiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FXJ1.034T ( = CGMCC 4.6609T  = NBRC 106680T).

Strains RU-16T, RU-28, RU-04T and PU-02T were isolated from the gut of the African mole cricket, Gryllotalpa africana. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae . All four strains were most closely related to Curtobacterium ginsengisoli DCY26T (below 97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). These isolates were Gram-stain-positive, motile (by gliding), rod-shaped and exhibited ivory-coloured colonies. Their chemotaxonomic properties included MK-11 as the major respiratory quinone, ornithine as the cell-wall diamino acid, acetyl as the acyl type of the peptidoglycan, cyclohexyl-C17 : 0 as the major fatty acid and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, we propose a new genus in the family Microbacteriaceae , Gryllotalpicola gen. nov., with three novel species, Gryllotalpicola daejeonensis sp. nov. (type strain RU-04T  = KCTC 13809T  = JCM 17590T), Gryllotalpicola koreensis sp. nov. (type strain RU-16T  = KCTC 13810T  = JCM 17591T) and Gryllotalpicola kribbensis sp. nov. (type strain PU-02T  = KCTC 13808T  = JCM 17593T). Gryllotalpicola koreensis is the type species of the genus. Additionally, we propose that Curtobacterium ginsengisoli should be reclassified in the genus as Gryllotalpicola ginsengisoli comb. nov. (type strain DCY26T  = KCTC 13163T  = JCM 14773T).

Strains YIM M 10366T, YIM M 10378T and YIM M 10400T were isolated from marine sediments collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. All three isolates were able to grow optimally at pH 7.0, 28–37 °C and 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these strains are members of the genus Streptomyces , exhibiting moderately high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.0–98.8 % to members of the most closely related Streptomyces species. Morphological characteristics, physiological characteristics and compositions of whole-cell sugars and phospholipids are consistent with the diagnostic characteristics of the genus Streptomyces , but still allowed differentiation amongst the three strains and their neighbours. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, strains YIM M 10366T, YIM M 10378T and YIM M 10400T were identified as members of three novel species of the genus Streptomyces , for which the names Streptomyces glycovorans sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10366T  = DSM 42021T  = CCTCC AA2010005T), Streptomyces xishensis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10378T  = DSM 42022T  = CCTCC AA 2010006T) and Streptomyces abyssalis sp. nov. (type strain YIM M 10400T  = DSM 42024T  = CCTCC AA 2010008T) are proposed.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, endophytic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 63638T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Artemisia annua L. The isolate grew optimally with 1–3 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.0–7.0 and at 20–37 °C. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia and showed highest sequence similarity with Pseudonocardia oroxyli D10T (98.9 %), Pseudonocardia ailaonensis YIM 45505T (98.3 %) and Pseudonocardia halophobica IMSNU 21327T (98.0 %). Phylogenetic distance from other type strains of species with validly published names within the genus Pseudonocardia was greater than 2.3 %. Strain YIM 63638T had a genomic DNA G+C content of 72.1 mol% and MK-8(H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (36.32 %) and 10-methyl-C16 : 0 (19.78 %). On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain YIM 63638T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia , for which the name Pseudonocardia xishanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 63638T ( = JCM 17906T  = KCTC 29005T).

Two bacterial strains, designated KV-962T and KV-963, were isolated from soil collected from a field in Japan. Cells of both strains were Gram-staining-positive, non-spore-forming, short rod-shaped and motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to Conexibacter woesei DSM 14684T, with a similarity value of 98.6 %. These strains possessed MK-7 (H4) as the sole menaquinone and contained C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 1ω6c and iso-C16 : 0 as the major fatty acids. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, strain KV-962T and KV-963 were indicated as a novel species of the genus Conexibacter , for which the name Conexibacter arvalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KV-962T ( = DSM 23288T  = NBRC 106558T)

A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, starch-hydrolysing, actinobacterium (strain JC82T) was isolated from a soda lake in Lonar, India. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC82T belonged to the genus Georgenia and was most closely related to Georgenia muralis 1A-CT (96.8 %) and other members of the genus Georgenia (<96.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain JC82T was 73.4 mol%. The cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid and lysine with peptidoglycan type A4α. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unidentified lipid (L1) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL3). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-8(H4). Anteiso-C15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of iso-C14 : 0, C14 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 were also detected. Strain JC82T produced thermostable alkaline amylase. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JC82T from all other members of the genus Georgenia . Based on these data, strain JC82T represents a novel species of the genus Georgenia , for which the name Georgenia satyanarayanai sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC82T ( = KCTC 19802T = NBRC 107612T).

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short rod, designated SMC46T, was isolated from a spent mushroom compost sample collected in the Suwon region, South Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain SMC46T was a member of the family Microbacteriaceae ; however, the isolate formed a branch separate from other genera within the family. Sequence similarity between strain SMC46T and other members of the family Microbacteriaceae was ≤97 %, the highest sequence similarity being with Frigoribacterium faeni 801T and Frondihabitans australicus E1HC-02T (both 97.0 %). Some chemotaxonomic properties of strain SMC46T were consistent with those of the family Microbacteriaceae : MK-11 and MK-12 as the predominant menaquinones, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as the polar lipids. However, strain SMC46T contained a B-type peptidoglycan not previously found in the family Microbacteriaceae . The DNA G+C content was 68 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain SMC46T was considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Microbacteriaceae , for which the name Compostimonas suwonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is SMC46T ( = KACC 13354T  = NBRC 106304T).

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 77521T, was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain formed branched substrate mycelia and no fragmentation was found. Masses of short, straight or irregular chains of three to eight warty ornamented spores were borne from aerial mycelia. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and the whole-cell sugars contained mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C18 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 77521T was 73.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 77521T fell within the radiation of the suborder Streptosporangineae and formed a distinct monophyletic lineage adjacent to the family Streptosporangiaceae with a high bootstrap value. On the basis of combined data from the phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM 77521T represents a novel genus and species within the family Streptosporangiaceae , for which the name Thermocatellispora tengchongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77521T ( = DSM 45615T  = CCTCC AA 2011013T).

Strain 211020T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Excoecaria agallocha in a mangrove in Hainan, China. The strain produced longitudinal pair spores branching from aerial hyphae. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate belonged to the genus Microbispora , exhibiting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.75 %) to Microbispora corallina JCM 10267T with a low DNA–DNA relatedness value (13±0.6 %). The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid but madurose was not detected. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H2) and MK-9(H0), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C17 : 0. The phospholipid profile of strain 211020T comprised phosphatidylinositol mannoside, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phospholipids of unknown structure containing glucosamine. The DNA G+C content was 70.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain 211020T can be distinguished as a novel species of the genus Microbispora , for which the name Microbispora hainanensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is 211020T ( = CGMCC 4.5595T = DSM 45428T).

A novel endophytic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 68255T, was isolated from healthy leaves of Camptotheca acuminata Decne. collected in Yunnan province, south-west China and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. The strain formed well-developed substrate mycelium, but no aerial mycelium. It grew at 10–45 °C, at pH 5–10 (optimum pH 7) and in the presence of 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 73.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain YIM 68255T belonged to the genus Plantactinospora . However, it exhibited some differences from Plantactinospora mayteni YIM 61359T and the level of DNA–DNA relatedness was 42.7±1.3 %. Based on comparative analysis of physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that strain YIM 68255T represents a novel species of the genus Plantactinospora , Plantactinospora endophytica sp. nov., with strain YIM 68255T ( = DSM 45387T = CCTCC AA 209047T) as the type strain. In addition, it is also proposed that Actinaurispora siamensis Thawai et al. 2010 be transferred to the genus Plantactinospora as Plantactinospora siamensis comb. nov. [type strain CM2-8T ( = JCM 15677T = BCC 34762T)] based on chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Emended descriptions of the genus Plantactinospora and Plantactinospora mayteni are also provided.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0264T, was isolated from soil sampled in Mongolia. The isolate formed pale to moderate yellowish brown colonies and branched substrate mycelium. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MN08-A0264T belonged to the genus Cryptosporangium and exhibited 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Cryptosporangium aurantiacum IMSNU 22120T, 97.7 % with C. minutisporangium IFO 15962T, 97.2 % with C. arvum IFO 15965T and 96.8 % with C. japonicum IFO 15966T. The allocation of the isolate to the genus Cryptosporangium was supported by chemotaxonomic data: menaquinone MK-9(H6) with minor amounts of MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4), major amounts of iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 19c and C17 : 0 10-methyl, a polar lipid profile comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipids, and whole-cell sugars glucose, galactose, acofriose (3-0 methylrhamnose), mannose, ribose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose (trace). DNA–DNA relatedness (5–20 %) differentiated the isolate from its closest neighbours. The physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain MN08-A0264T from members of the genus Cryptosporangium . Thus, strain MN08-A0264T represents a novel species, for which the name Cryptosporangium mongoliense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN08-A0264T ( = NBRC 105887T  = VTCC D9-27T).

A Gram-positive, motile, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JLT1488T, was isolated from the South China Sea and investigated in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The peptidoglycan type determined for strain JLT1488T was A4α with lysine as the diagnostic cell-wall diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge of l-Lys–l-Glu. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unknown glycolipid and an unknown phospholipid. The only detected menaquinone was MK-8(H4), and the major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c) , C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c); significant amounts of C12 : 0 3-OH, C10 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c were also present. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.3 mol%. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JLT1488T with those of related type strains demonstrated that it represented a novel lineage within the family Bogoriellaceae , suborder Micrococcineae , being closely related to species of the genera Georgenia , Bogoriella and Cellulomonas (94.6–96.8 % sequence similarity). These results demonstrate that strain JLT1488T is a member of a new genus, for which the name Oceanitalea nanhaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is JLT1488T ( = JCM 17755T = CGMCC 1.10826T).

In this study, two strains (SCSIO 10187T and SCSIO 10197) were isolated from a sediment sample collected from the South China Sea and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. Growth was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum 28 °C) and pH 5.0–8.0 (optimum pH 6.0). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains were identified as members of the genus Rhodococcus . Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two strains clustered together and the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between them and other members of the genus Rhodococcus were 93.2–97.7 %. The menaquinone type was MK-8(H2). Major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c, C17 : 0, 10-methyl C18 : 0, C18 : 0, C19 : 0 and C17 : 1ω8c. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside. The DNA G+C contents of strains SCSIO 10187T and SCSIO 10197 were 63.7 and 63.2 mol%, respectively. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that the two strains represent a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus , for which the name Rhodococcus nanhaiensis is proposed; the type strain is SCSIO 10187T ( = DSM 45608T = CCTCC AB 2011024T), with SCSIO 10197 ( = DSM 45609 = CCTCC AB 2011025) as a reference strain.

A Gram-positive-staining bacterium, designated Y16T, was isolated from a soil sample from Yunnan Province, China. The isolate grew optimally at 25–30 °C, grew at pH 6.0–9.0 and could grow with 3 % NaCl. Strain Y16T had cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H2). The major fatty acid methyl esters were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C16 : 0. These chemotaxonomic characteristics suggested that the organism belonged to the genus Actinoplanes . Strain Y16T shared 98.7, 98.3 and 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Actinoplanes deccanensis IFO 13994T, A. abujensis A4029T and A. brasiliensis DSM 43805T, respectively. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 70.8 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness between the novel isolate and the type strains of A. deccanensis , A. abujensis and A. brasiliensis was 35.2, 32.0 and 22.3 %, respectively. In addition, the pattern of phenotypic properties distinguished strain Y16T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. It is therefore concluded that strain Y16T ( = CGMCC 4.6857T = JCM 17700T) represents a novel species of the genus Actinoplanes , for which the name Actinoplanes atraurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed.

An obligately anaerobic, cellulolytic-xylanolytic bacterium, designated strain A6T, was isolated from soil of a coconut garden in the Bangkuntien district of Bangkok, Thailand. The strain was Gram-stain positive, catalase-negative, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped with a cell size of 0.2–0.3×2.0–3.0 µm. Optimal growth of strain A6T occurred at pH55 °C 9.5, 55 °C. Strain A6T fermented various carbohydrates, and the end products from the fermentation of cellobiose were acetate, ethanol, propionate and a small amount of butyrate. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C14 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. No respiratory quinones were detected. The DNA G+C content was 30.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain represented a new phyletic sublineage within the family Clostridiaceae , with <93.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to recognized species of this family. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and physiological evidence, strain A6T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Cellulosibacter alkalithermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is A6T ( = TISTR 1915T = KCTC 5874T).

Two previously uncharacterized strains of Gram-reaction-positive, anaerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria, designated strains WAL 18896T and WAL 18898T, were recovered from human wound specimens and characterized using phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and chemotaxonomic and biochemical characteristics demonstrated that these organisms are genotypically and phenotypically distinct and represent previously unidentified sublines within the order Clostridiales in the phylum Firmicutes. Pairwise sequence analysis demonstrated that the novel organisms had 91.9 % sequence similarity to each other and were most closely related to members of the genus Peptoniphilus. The major long-chain fatty acids of both strains were C16 : 0, C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C18 : 2ω6,9c. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic findings, strains WAL 18896T ( = CCUG 56065T  = ATCC BAA-1640T) and WAL 18898T ( = CCUG 56067T  = ATCC BAA-1638T  = DSM 22616T) represent two novel species, for which the names Peptoniphilus duerdenii sp. nov. and Peptoniphilus koenoeneniae sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.

A Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain BLB-1T, was isolated from samples of tidal flat sediment from the Yellow Sea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate belonged to the Bacillus rRNA group 2 and was closely related to Bacillus massiliensis CIP 108446T (97.4 %), Bacillus odysseyi ATCC PTA-4993T (96.7 %), Lysinibacillus fusiformis DSM 2898T (96.2 %) and Lysinibacillus boronitolerans DSM 17140T (95.9 %). Sequence similarities with related species in other genera, including Caryophanon , Sporosarcina and Solibacillus , were <96.1 %. Chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain BLB-1T with the genus Lysinibacillus . The major menaquinone was MK-7, the cell-wall sugars were glucose and xylose, the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4α (l-Lys–d-Asp), the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and several unknown phospholipids, and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 (35.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (25.6 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (16.5 %). The most closely related species, Bacillus massiliensis and Bacillus odysseyi , were also assigned to this genus based on phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic data. The results of DNA–DNA hybridizations and phenotypic tests supported the differentiation of all three taxa from species of the genus Lysinibacillus with validly published names. Thus, strain BLB-1T ( = KCTC 13296T  = JCM 15800T) represents a novel species, for which the name Lysinibacillus sinduriensis sp. nov. is proposed. It is also proposed that Bacillus massiliensis CIP 108446T ( = 4400831T = CCUG49529T  = KCTC 13178T) and Bacillus odysseyi NBRC 100172T ( = 34hs-1T  = ATCC PTA-4993T  = NRRL B-30641T  = DSM 18869T  = CIP 108263T  = KCTC 3961T) be transferred to the genus Lysinibacillus as Lysinibacillus massiliensis comb. nov. and Lysinibacillus odysseyi comb. nov., respectively.

Characterization and identification of strain CW 1 ( = JCM 17161) isolated from corn silage were performed. Strain CW 1 was a Gram-positive, catalase-negative and homofermentative rod that produced the dl-form of lactic acid. This strain exhibited more than 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and greater than 82 % DNA–DNA reassociation with type strains of Lactobacillus kimchii , L. bobalius and L. paralimentarius . To clarify the taxonomic positions of these type strains, phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, ribotyping and DNA–DNA relatedness were examined. The three type strains displayed different l-arabinose, lactose, melibiose, melezitose, raffinose and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase fermentation patterns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that L. paralimentarius is a closer neighbour of L. kimchii and L. bobalius , sharing 99.5–99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, which was confirmed by the high DNA–DNA relatedness (≥82 %) between L. paralimentarius JCM 10415T, L. bobalius JCM 16180T and L. kimchii JCM 10707T. Therefore, it is proposed that L. kimchii and L. bobalius should be reclassified as later synonyms of L. paralimentarius .