- Volume 61, Issue 2, 2011

A bacterial strain, designated BF-3T, was isolated from phenol-contaminated soil and investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells were Gram-reaction-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile, short rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BF-3T formed a monophyletic branch at the periphery of the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Comamonas; it showed highest sequence similarities to Comamonas aquatica LMG 2370T (96.8 %), C. nitrativorans DSM 13191T (96.4 %), C. odontotermitis LMG 23579T (96.4 %), C. kerstersii LMG 3475T (96.3 %), C. koreensis KCTC 12005T (96.1 %) and C. terrigena LMG 1253T (96.0 %). The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1/C18 : 1 ω7c, C17 : 0 cyclo and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, whole-cell fatty acid composition and biochemical characteristics, strain BF-3T was clearly distinct from type strains of other recognized species of the genus Comamonas and, as such, represents a novel species of the genus Comamonas, for which the name Comamonas zonglianii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BF-3T (=CCTCC AB 209170T =DSM 22523T).

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain CC-TPE-1T, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil near an oil refinery located in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain CC-TPE-1T showed highest sequence similarity to Novosphingobium naphthalenivorans TUT562T (98.1 %), N. panipatense SM16T (97.9 %) and N. mathurense SM117T (97.6 %) and lower (<97 %) sequence similarity to all other Novosphingobium species. DNA–DNA hybridizations of strain CC-TPE-1T with N. naphthalenivorans DSM 18518T, N. panipatense SM16T and N. mathurense SM117T showed low relatedness of 30 % (reciprocal 35 %), 29.1 % (reciprocal 30.6 %) and 35 % (reciprocal 23.6 %), respectively. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10, the predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1 ω7c (49.9 %) and three 2-hydroxy fatty acids, C14 : 0 2-OH (8.2 %), C15 : 0 2-OH (2.45 %) and C16 : 0 2-OH (1.05 %), were detected. Polar lipids consisted mainly of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, two sphingoglycolipids, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and several unidentified lipids, and a yellow pigment was also detected. The polyamine pattern contained the single major compound spermidine. Characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, physiological parameters, pigment analysis and polyamine, ubiquinone, polar lipid and fatty acid compositions revealed that strain CC-TPE-1T represents a novel species of the genus Novosphingobium, for which we propose the name Novosphingobium soli sp. nov., with the type strain CC-TPE-1T (=DSM 22821T =CCM 7706T =CCUG 58493T).

A taxonomic study was carried out on strain P31T, which was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading consortium enriched with deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean. The isolate was Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a polar flagellum and incapable of reducing nitrate to nitrite. Growth was observed at 0.5–8 % NaCl and at 10–41 °C. Strain P31T was unable to degrade Tween 80 or gelatin. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 11 (Q-11). The dominant fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c (39.79 %), 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c (17.84 %), C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c (12.05 %) and C18 : 0 (6.09 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 62.1 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain P31T and Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1T formed a distinct lineage in the family Phyllobacteriaceae; these two strains showed 95.7 % sequence similarity, while similarities between P31T and other members of the genus Parvibaculum were below 93 %. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain P31T represents a novel species of the genus Parvibaculum, for which the name Parvibaculum indicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P31T (=CCTCC AB 208230T =LMG 24712T =MCCC 1A01132T).

A novel chemolithotrophic bacterium, strain 16CT, was isolated from a hot spring in Graendalur, south-west Iceland. Cells of this organism were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile. The isolate was aerobic and capable of chemolithotrophic growth on hydrogen and carbon dioxide, heterotrophic growth on butyrate and several other organic compounds, and mixotrophic growth on butyrate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic growth was generally enhanced in the presence of yeast extract. Autotrophic growth on hydrogen was observed at pH values between 6.0 and 10.0 and temperatures between 35 and 60 °C; optimum growth conditions were pH 7.0 and 55 °C. The DNA G+C content was 63.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 16CT was a member of a distinct species belonging to the class Betaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus NBRC 14978T and Hydrogenophilus hirschii DSM 11420T. The major cellular fatty acids were straight-chain C16 : 0 (44.98 %) and C18 : 1 ω7c (17.93 %), as well as cyclic C17 : 0 (13.90 %) and C19 : 0 ω8c (4.67 %) fatty acids. Based on its physiological and molecular properties, it is concluded that strain 16CT represents a novel species within the genus Hydrogenophilus, for which the name Hydrogenophilus islandicus is proposed; the type strain is 16CT (=DSM 21442T=JCM 16106T).

A taxonomic study was carried out on a novel bacterial strain, designated C115T, isolated from a crude-oil-degrading consortium, enriched from deep-sea water of the Indian Ocean. Cells were Gram-negative short rods, mobile by means of a monopolar flagellum. Growth was observed at salinities of 0–7 % and at 10–43 °C. It was unable to degrade Tween 80 or gelatin. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain C115T was related most closely to Nitratireductor aquibiodomus NL21T (96.5 % similarity), Nitratireductor kimnyeongensis KY 101T (96.4 %) and Nitratireductor basaltis J3T (96.2 %). The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c, 81.8 %) and C18 : 0 (7.0 %). The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA of strain C115T was 59 mol%. Based on its morphology, physiology and fatty acid composition together with 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the novel strain most appropriately belongs to the genus Nitratireductor, but can be distinguished readily from recognized species of the genus. Strain C115T is therefore considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nitratireductor, for which the name Nitratireductor indicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C115T (=RC92-7T =CCTCC AB 209298T =LMG 25540T =MCCC 1A01260T).

Six Gram-negative coccobacilli were isolated from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) from Mexico and haemolymph of spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) from Spain. All of the isolates grew as small green colonies on thiosulphate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and were facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-positive and sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129. Repetitive palindromic PCR analysis revealed a high degree of genomic homogeneity among the isolates. Several phenotypic traits differentiated the isolates from the type strains of species of the genus Photobacterium. DNA–DNA relatedness between two representative isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbours by 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, Photobacterium aplysiae CAIM 14T and Photobacterium frigidiphilum CAIM 20T, was 44.01–53.85 %. We propose a novel species of the genus Photobacterium to accommodate the six isolates, with the name Photobacterium swingsii sp. nov. The type strain is CAIM 1393T (=CECT 7576T).

A Gram-negative, neutrophilic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain ZH17T, was isolated from a marine sediment of the East China Sea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate grew in the presence of 0–7.5 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5–9.0; optimum growth was observed with 0.5–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.5. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed ubiquinone-10 as predominant respiratory quinone and C18 : 1 ω7c, 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0, C12 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 2-OH as major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 63.5 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Ruegeria. Strain ZH17T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strain of Ruegeria pomeroyi, with 97.2 % sequence similarity, and less than 97 % sequence similarity with respect to other described species of the genus Ruegeria. The DNA–DNA reassociation value between strain ZH17T and R. pomeroyi DSM 15171T was 50.7 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain ZH17T represents a novel species of the genus Ruegeria, for which the name Ruegeria marina sp. nov. (type strain ZH17T =CGMCC 1.9108T =JCM 16262T) is proposed.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and aerobic bacterium, designated strain HJ51T, was isolated from a seawater sample from the East Sea, near South Korea. The isolate grew slowly at 4 °C, was able to grow at 40 °C, required NaCl and grew optimally at pH 6.5–7.0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 41.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and summed feature 7 (C18 : 1 ω7c, C18 : 1 ω9t and/or C18 : 1 ω12t). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HJ51T belonged to the genus Pseudoalteromonas and had 91.7–98.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with type strains of species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Strain HJ51T had 7.2 % DNA–DNA relatedness with Pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa DSM 15203T and 12.9 % with Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis DSM 14232T. On the basis of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain HJ51T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas donghaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HJ51T (=KCTC 22219T=LMG 24469T).

In the course of a longitudinal study elucidating the dynamics of Arcobacter populations in pigs, 16 isolates of Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, slightly curved, non-spore-forming bacteria were grouped by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis into a distinct phenon within the genus Arcobacter. Fragments were generated for all isolates in a genus-specific PCR assay, but no amplicon was obtained in a species-specific multiplex-PCR test. Numerical analysis of the whole-cell protein profiles also showed that all isolates clustered in a single group that was distinct from related members of the genus Arcobacter. DNA–DNA hybridizations between two representative strains, designated 64T and 122, of the isolates obtained exhibited a mean DNA–DNA relatedness of 72 %. DNA–DNA hybridizations between strains 64T and 122 and reference strains of other animal-related bacteria of the genus Arcobacter revealed binding values of 47 % or less. The DNA G+C contents of the two representative strains were 28.5 and 28.4 mol%, respectively, and analysis of three marker genes identified Arcobacter cryaerophilus, A. thereius, A. cibarius and A. skirrowii as their closest phylogenetic neighbours. Strains 64T and 122 could be distinguished from other members of the genus Arcobacter by means of biochemical tests for catalase and urease activities, nitrate reduction, indoxyl acetate hydrolysis, lack of growth at 37 °C, growth in 2 % (w/v) NaCl, growth on 0.1 % sodium deoxycholate and non-supplemented Campylobacter charcoal-deoxycholate base medium and resistance to cephalothin (32 mg l−1) and cefoperazone (64 mg l−1). Additionally, a PCR assay was developed for the detection and identification of strains 64T and 122, which represent a novel species of the genus Arcobacter, for which the name Arcobacter trophiarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 64T (=LMG 25534T =CCUG 59229T).

Eight Vibrio isolates originating from the marine corals Mussismilia hispida and Phyllogorgia dilatata and the zoanthids Palythoa caribaeorum and Palythoa variabilis in Brazil and the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Ecuador were studied by means of a polyphasic approach. The novel isolates formed a tight monophyletic group in the genus Vibrio and were closely related to species of the Vibrio harveyi group, to which they showed more than 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Analysis based on concatenated sequences of the following seven genes, 16S rRNA, gyrB, recA, rpoA, topA, pyrH and mreB (5633 bp in length), showed clear separation between the isolates and species of the V. harveyi group. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, performed previously, revealed that a representative isolate of this group, LMG 20370, was clearly separate from known Vibrio species (it belonged to the so-called AFLP cluster A31). DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) experiments with representative isolates and type strains of the V. harveyi species group revealed high DDH between the novel isolates (more than 74 %) and less than 70 % DDH towards type strains of related Vibrio species, proving the novel species status of the isolates. Phenotypically, the novel species belongs to the arginine dihydrolase (A)-negative, lysine decarboxylase (L)-positive and ornithine decarboxylase (O)-positive (A−/L+/O+) cluster reported previously. Most species of the V. harveyi group (i.e. Vibrio rotiferianus, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus) also belong to this A−/L+/O+ cluster. However, several phenotypic features can be used for the identification of the novel species. In contrast to its closest phylogenetic neighbours, the novel species exhibits esterase (C4) and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase activities, but it does not produce acetoin, does not use citrate, α-ketoglutaric acid or propionic acid and does not ferment melibiose. The novel species can also be differentiated on the basis of the presence of the fatty acids C17 : 0, C17 : 1 ω8c, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C13 : 0 and the absence of the fatty acid C18 : 0. The name Vibrio communis sp. nov. is proposed for this taxon. Strain R-40496T (=LMG 25430T =CAIM 1816T) is the type strain.

Three Gram-negative, motile, mesophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated 2O1T, 1O14 and 1O18, were isolated from Indonesian seawater after enrichment with crude oil and a continuous supply of supplemented seawater. The strains exhibited high n-alkane-degrading activity, which indicated that the strains were important degraders of petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons in tropical marine environments. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Gammaproteobacteria showed that the isolates formed a coherent and distinct cluster in a stable lineage containing Oceanobacter kriegii IFO 15467T (96.4–96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1T. DNA G +C content was 53.0–53.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7 and C18 : 1 ω9 and the hydroxy fatty acids were C12 : 0 3-OH and C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, a ninhydrin-positive phospholipid(s) and glycolipids. The major quinone was Q-9 (97–99 %), which distinguished the isolates from Oceanobacter kriegii NBRC 15467T (Q-8; 91 %). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA–DNA hybridization, the isolates represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Oleibacter marinus is 2O1T (=NBRC 105760T =BTCC B-675T).

A Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain EM 1T, was isolated from purified water. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the novel strain belonged to the family Oxalobacteraceae within the class Betaproteobacteria; the closest phylogenetic relative was Undibacterium pigrum DSM 19792T (96.7 % gene sequence similarity). The new isolate could be distinguished from the type strain of U. pigrum DSM 19792T (=CCUG 49009T=CIP 109318T) and from strain CCUG 49012T, which has been described as a second genomovar of this species, on the basis of genotypic data and several phenotypic properties. An S-layer was present in the cell envelope in U. pigrum DSM 19792T, but was absent in strains EM 1T and CCUG 49012T. Test conditions were established that enabled strain CCUG 49012T to be distinguished from U. pigrum DSM 19792T. As found for U. pigrum, the main fatty acids of strains EM 1T and CCUG 49012T were summed feature 3 (including unsaturated C16 : 1 ω7c), straight-chain C16 : 0 and unsaturated C18 : 1 ω7c (low percentage in strain CCUG 49012T), and C10 : 0 3-OH was the sole hydroxylated fatty acid. The polar lipid profile consisted of the predominant lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The polyamine profile was mainly composed of the major compound putrescine and moderate amounts of 2-hydroxyputrescine. In contrast to U. pigrum and strain CCUG 49012T, where ubiquinone Q8 was reported as the sole quinone component, the quinone system of strain EM 1T consisted of ubiquinone Q-8 (64 %) and Q-7 (36 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the polar lipid profile and the absence of C12-hydroxylated fatty acids all indicated that strain EM 1T was affiliated with the genus Undibacterium. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values lower than 97.0 % and several differentiating phenotypic traits demonstrated that strain EM 1T represents a novel species for which the name Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain EM 1T=DSM 21777T=CCUG 57265T). In addition, based on previously published results and this study, a separate species, Undibacterium parvum sp. nov., is proposed with strain CCUG 49012T (=DSM 23061T=CIP 109317T) as the type strain.

A Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, thiosulfate-oxidizing bacterium, designated ATSB10T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain ATSB10T was closely related to members of the genera Dyella (96.4–98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Luteibacter (96.4–97.0 %) and Fulvimonas soli LMG 19981T (96.7 %) and Frateuria aurantia IFO 3245T (97.8 %). The predominant fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and iso-C15 : 0. The major quinone was Q-8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, an unknown phospholipid, unknown aminophospholipids and an unknown aminolipid. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogenetic distinctiveness and DNA–DNA relatedness, strain ATSB10T represents a novel species in the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella thiooxydans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ATSB10T (=KACC 12756T =LMG 24673T).

A Gram-negative, aerobic, heterotrophic bacterium, designated KP1-19T, was isolated from a 22-year-old volcanic deposit at a site lacking vegetation on the island of Miyake, Japan. Strain KP1-19T was able to use thiosulfate (optimum concentration 10 mM) as an additional energy source. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KP1-19T was closely related to Limnobacter thiooxidans CS-K2T within the class Betaproteobacteria (97.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The cellular fatty acid profile was characteristic of the genus Limnobacter: the major fatty acids (>5 %) were C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and C18 : 1 ω7c and minor amounts of C10 : 0 3-OH were also found. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain KP1-19T and L. thiooxidans LMG 19593T was 18 %. Therefore, strain KP1-19T represents a novel species, for which the name Limnobacter litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KP1-19T (=LMG 24869T =NBRC 105857T =CIP 109929T).

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated B2-9T, was isolated from water of a slightly alkaline lake, Longhu Lake in Daqing, north-east China. Strain B2-9T was an aerobic rod, heterotrophic, catalase- and oxidase-positive and motile by means of a single polar flflagellum. The isolate grew well on n-alkanes C9–C17 and weakly on C6–C8, C18 and C19. Growth occurred at 10–37 °C (optimum 20–25 °C), at pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.0) and with ≤1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1 ω7c (41.4 %), summed feature 3 (iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1 ω7c; 18.5 %) and C16 : 0 (10.9 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain B2-9T belonged to the genus Hydrocarboniphaga of the class Gammaproteobacteria and shared 97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Hydrocarboniphaga effusa AP103T. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain B2-9T and H. effusa DSM 16095T was 24 %. The DNA G+C content of strain B2-9T was 66 mol%. Strain B2-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Hydrocarboniphaga, for which the name Hydrocarboniphaga daqingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B2-9T (=CGMCC 1.7049T =NBRC 104238T).

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, heterotrophic, sulfur-oxidizing, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated KMM 3898T, was isolated from an internal tissue of the sand snail Umbonium costatum, collected from the shallow sediments of the Sea of Japan. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KMM 3898T formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the class Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Leucothrix mucor DSM 2157T (89.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and members of the genus Thiothrix (86.7–88.5 %). Chemotaxonomically, strain KMM 3898T contained the isoprenoid quinone Q-8, the polar lipids phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid and the fatty acids C18 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 1 ω7c and C16 : 0 as predominant components (>10 %). The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 3898T was 43.4 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic analysis, strain KMM 3898T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Cocleimonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3898T (=NRIC 0757T =JCM 16494T).

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated S3-22T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a ballast water tank of a commercial ship and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The isolate formed small, light-yellow, semi-translucent and circular colonies on solid complex media. The strain was oxidase- and catalase-positive and metabolized a large number of carbon sources. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed ubiquinone Q-10 as predominant respiratory quinone, phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified glycolipid as major polar lipids and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c, iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7c as major fatty acids and the hydroxy fatty acids iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0 3-OH. The genomic DNA G+C content was 54.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate has 96.1 % similarity to the type strain of Kordiimonas gwangyangensis, the sole described species within the order Kordiimonadales, and less than 91.0 % similarity to other recognized species. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain S3-22T represents a novel species of the genus Kordiimonas, for which the name Kordiimonas lacus sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain S3-22T (=CGMCC 1.9109T =JCM 16261T). An emended description of the genus Kordiimonas is also presented.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, ovoid- to rod-shaped bacterium, designated HDW-9T, belonging to the class Alphaproteobacteria, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea, Korea. Strain HDW-9T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0, at 30 °C and with 2–3 % (w/v) NaCl. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HDW-9T clustered with Roseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T, with which it exhibited 95.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain HDW-9T exhibited 92.5–94.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the other type strains of species of the genus Roseovarius. Strain HDW-9T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content was 58.3 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties distinguished strain HDW-9T from the other members of the genus Roseovarius. Strain HDW-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the name Roseovarius marinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HDW-9T (=KCTC 22805T =CCUG 58403T).

A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated RCML-52T, was isolated from an abandoned gold mine in the desert in Xinjiang, China. Strain RCML-52T was Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain RCML-52T was affiliated with the genus Lysobacter. Strain RCML-52T exhibited <95.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strains of all species of the genus Lysobacter. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (27.6 %), iso-C15 : 0 (19.1 %), iso-C17 : 1 ω9c (16.4 %), iso-C11 : 0 3-OH (6.5 %) and iso-C11 : 0 (5.3 %). The DNA G+C content was 69.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain RCML-52T should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter xinjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RCML-52T (=CCTCC AB 208194T =KCTC 22558T).