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Volume 58,
Issue 10,
2008
Volume 58, Issue 10, 2008
- New Taxa
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- Proteobacteria
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Psychromonas heitensis sp. nov., a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from seawater in Japan
More LessFour bacterial strains, 04HE-4-40, A4I-9, A4I-21 and AK15-027T, were isolated from Heita Bay off Kamaishi in Japan. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates were placed as a new lineage within the genus Psychromonas. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values between the isolates and type strains of recognized Psychromonas species were less than 97 %. The DNA G+C contents of the isolates were about 38 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was Q-8, and the predominant cellular fatty acids were 16 : 1ω7c and 16 : 0. The isolates were able to grow at 30 °C, unlike other Psychromonas species. Based on the results of the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization data, the isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Psychromonas heitensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AK15-027T (=MBIC 06898T=NCIMB 14416T).
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Rheinheimera soli sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from soil in Korea
More LessA Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain BD-d46T, was isolated from a playground soil sample in Jinju, South Korea. Cells were straight or curved rods and showed catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. Growth of strain BD-d46T was observed between 15 and 35 °C (optimum 25–30 °C) and between pH 6.5 and 8.0 (optimum pH 7.0–7.5). The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C12 : 0 3-OH and C16 : 0. Strain BD-d46T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Isoprenoid quinones were Q-8 (75 %) and MK-7 (25 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 49.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BD-d46T formed a distinct lineage with Rheinheimera chironomi K19414T within the genus Rheinheimera. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain BD-d46T and the type strains of recognized Rheinheimera species ranged from 94.4 to 96.9 %. On the basis of chemotaxonomic data and molecular properties, strain BD-d46T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BD-d46T (=KCTC 22077T =DSM 19413T).
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Phenylobacterium composti sp. nov., isolated from cotton waste compost in Korea
More LessA light-yellow-coloured bacterium, designated strain 4T-6T, was isolated from cotton waste compost in Korea. Cells of the strain were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, motile (by means of single polar flagella) and rod-shaped. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C and at pH 7.0–8.0. The major fatty acids were 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c (23.8 %), C18 : 1 ω7c (23.2 %), C16 : 0 (19.8 %) and C17 : 0 (14.8 %). The DNA G+C content was 67.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 4T-6T was a member of the genus Phenylobacterium, showing the highest sequence similarities with those of ‘Phenylobacterium zucineum’ HLK1 (98.8 %) and Phenylobacterium lituiforme DSM 14363T (98.4 %). However, the values for DNA–DNA relatedness between strain 4T-6T and ‘P. zucineum’ HLK1 and P. lituiforme DSM 14363T were 45 and 43 %, respectively. Phylogenetic characteristics, physiological properties and DNA–DNA hybridization data indicate that strain 4T-6T represents a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, for which the name Phenylobacterium composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4T-6T (=KACC 12597T=DSM 19425T).
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Alkanibacter difficilis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Singularimonas variicoloris gen. nov., sp. nov., hexane-degrading bacteria isolated from a hexane-treated biofilter
More LessTwo Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains were isolated from a hexane-treated, full-scale biofilter from an oil mill. The strains were cultivated with hexane as the sole carbon source. One strain, MN154.3T, showed a fatty acid profile that contained 16 : 0, 18 : 1cis11 and 19 : 0 cyclo11–12 as major compounds, while the second strain, isolate MN28T, contained 14 : 0 3-OH, 16 : 0 and 18 : 1cis11 as the predominant fatty acids. On the basis of almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences, both strains could be allocated to the Nevskia branch of the class Gammaproteobacteria. The sequence similarities for strains MN154.3T and MN28T with respect to the most closely related type strains of this branch were 90.5 and 94.1 %, respectively. The sequence similarity between strains MN154.3T and MN28T was 90.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain MN154.3T was 62.8 mol% and that for strain MN28T was 64.9 mol%. Both strains possessed ubiquinone-8 as the major quinone. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences of these two new isolates and several phenotypic differences exhibited with respect to known species of the Nevskia branch, strains MN154.3T and MN28T represent two novel genera and species, for which the names Alkanibacter difficilis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Singularimonas variicoloris gen. nov., sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Alkanibacter difficilis gen. nov., sp. nov. is MN154.3T (=DSM 14804T=LMG 22842T) and that of Singularimonas variicoloris gen. nov., sp. nov. is MN28T (=DSM 15731T=LMG 22844T).
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Nisaea denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nisaea nitritireducens sp. nov., two novel members of the class Alphaproteobacteria from the Mediterranean Sea
More LessTwo novel Gram-negative bacteria, designated strains DR41_21T and DR41_18T, were isolated from coastal, surface waters of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. The cells were motile, pleomorphic rods, 2.9 μm long and 0.9 μm wide and formed cream colonies on marine agar medium. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences positioned the isolates in the class Alphaproteobacteria within the family Rhodospirillaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of the two strains was 98.8 % but DNA–DNA hybridization indicated only 55 % relatedness. Strain DR41_21T was able to denitrify and possessed nirK and nosZ genes, unlike strain DR41_18T, which possessed only nirK. These isolates represent two novel species of a new genus, Nisaea gen. nov., for which the names Nisaea denitrificans sp. nov. and Nisaea nitritireducens sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Nisaea denitrificans is DR41_21T (=DSM 18348T=CIP 109265T=OOB 129T) and the type strain of Nisaea nitritireducens is DR41_18T (=DSM 19540T=CIP 109601T=OOB 128T).
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Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium (strain Gsoil 250T) was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Pocheon province (South Korea) and was characterized using a polyphasic approach in order to determine its taxonomic position. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Gsoil 250T belonged to the family Sphingomonadaceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria, and was related to Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida (98.7 %), Sphingopyxis chilensis (98.2 %), Sphingopyxis alaskensis (97.9 %), Sphingopyxis taejonensis (97.9 %) and Sphingopyxis witflariensis (97.8 %). The phylogenetic distance from any other species with validly published names within the genus Sphingopyxis was greater than 3.8 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Gsoil 250T was 69.2 mol%. Strain Gsoil 250T contained Q-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18 : 1 ω7c and summed feature 4 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 34.6 %) as the major fatty acids. No 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected. Major polar lipids consisted of sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unknown glycolipids. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 250T to the genus Sphingopyxis. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 250T from the eight recognized Sphingopyxis species. Strain Gsoil 250T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 250T (=KCTC 12582T=LMG 23390T).
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Pseudogulbenkiania subflava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a cold spring
More LessA yellow-coloured bacterial strain, designated BP-5T, was isolated from a water sample of a cold spring located in the Hsinchu area of northern Taiwan. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods with a polar flagellum. The isolate was able to grow at 15–42 °C, 0–1 % NaCl and pH 6–8. The predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1 ω7c. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8. The DNA G+C content was 63.2 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain BP-5T belonged to the class Betaproteobacteria and was a member of the family Neisseriaceae. Its closest phylogenetic neighbours were Gulbenkiania mobilis E4FC31T (95.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Chromobacterium subtsugae PRAA4-1T (95.0 %), Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472T (94.3 %), Vogesella indigofera ATCC 19706T (93.8 %) and Aquitalea magnusonii TRO-001DR8T (93.7 %). On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strain BP-5T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Pseudogulbenkiania subflava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Pseudogulbenkiania subflava is BP-5T (=BCRC 17727T =LMG 24211T).
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Sphingopyxis marina sp. nov. and Sphingopyxis litoris sp. nov., isolated from seawater
More LessTwo yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterial strains, designated FR1087T and FR1093T, were isolated from surface seawater off Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Both strains required sea salts for growth. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two isolates belong to the genus Sphingopyxis, showing the highest level of sequence similarity with respect to Sphingopyxis flavimaris SW-151T (97.9 %). The two isolates shared 98.5 % sequence similarity. DNA–DNA hybridization between the isolates and the type strain of Sphingopyxis flavimaris clearly suggested that strains FR1087T and FR1093T represent two separate novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis. Several phenotypic characteristics served to differentiate these two isolates from recognized members of the genus Sphingopyxis. The data from the polyphasic study presented here indicated that strains FR1087T and FR1093T should be classified as representing novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the names Sphingopyxis marina sp. nov. and Sphingopyxis litoris sp. nov., respectively, are proposed. The type strain of Sphingopyxis marina sp. nov. is FR1087T (=IMSNU 14132T=KCTC 12763T=JCM 14161T) and the type strain of Sphingopyxis litoris sp. nov. is FR1093T (=IMSNU 14133T=KCTC 12764T=JCM 14162T).
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Rheinheimera tangshanensis sp. nov., a rice root-associated bacterium
More LessA Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JA3-B52T, was isolated from the roots of fresh rice plants (Oryza sativa). The cells were motile by means of polar single or lateral flagella. The colonies were non-pigmented. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the strain was phylogenetically related to species of the genus Rheinheimera, having the greatest level of sequence similarity with respect to Rheinheimera texasensis A62-14BT (97.16 %). The bacterium grew at temperatures from 10 to 37 °C, with an optimum at 30 °C. The strain exhibited growth with 0–3.0 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0–8.5. The main cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1 ω7c, C17 : 1 ω8c, C 16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω7c and C12 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 47.0 mol%. The levels of similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JA3-B52T and those of the type strains of Rheinheimera species ranged from 95.38 to 97.16 %. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain JA3-B52T and R. texasensis A62-14BT, the strain most closely related to the isolate, was 20.4 %. On the basis of physiological and biochemical characteristics and genotypic data obtained in this work, strain JA3-B52T represents a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera, for which the name Rheinheimera tangshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA3-B52T (=CGMCC 1.6362T =DSM 19460T).
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Desulfovibrio marinisediminis sp. nov., a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from coastal marine sediment via enrichment with Casamino acids
To obtain amino acid-utilizing sulfate reducers, enrichment culture was carried out with a medium containing Casamino acids and sulfate and inoculated with coastal marine sediment from the eutrophic Tokyo Bay, Japan. A sulfate reducer, designated strain C/L2T, was isolated from the sulfide-producing enrichment culture after further enrichment with lactate and sulfate by means of the agar shake dilution method. Cells of strain C/L2T were vibrio-shaped, Gram-negative, motile rods (0.7–1.0 μm wide and 1.0–3.5 μm long) with single polar flagella. The optimum temperature for its growth was 37 °C, the optimum pH was around 7.5 and the optimum NaCl concentration was 20–25 g l−1. Hydrogen, formate, lactate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, succinate, ethanol, propanol, glycerol, glycine, alanine, serine, aspartate, Casamino acids, peptone and yeast extract were used as electron donors. Sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate each served as an electron acceptor, but elemental sulfur, nitrate, fumarate, acrylate and 2,4,6-tribromophenol did not. Disproportionation of thiosulfate was not observed. Desulfoviridin, c-type cytochromes and catalase were present. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6(H2). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 46.2 mol%. Comparisons based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and on dissimilatory sulfite reductase gene sequences clearly showed that strain C/L2T belonged to the genus Desulfovibrio: its closest relatives were the uncharacterized Desulfovibrio sp. strain TBP-1 (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 99.4 %) and Desulfovibrio acrylicus DSM 10141T (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.7 %). The level of DNA–DNA hybridization with Desulfovibrio acrylicus DSM 10141T was 10.3 %. On the basis of the data from this study and the physiological and phylogenetic differences that exist between the isolate and Desulfovibrio acrylicus, strain C/L2T represents a novel species of the genus Desulfovibrio, for which the name Desulfovibrio marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C/L2T (=NMRC 101113T=JCM 14577T=DSM 17456T).
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Pseudochrobactrum glaciei sp. nov., isolated from sea ice collected from Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan
More LessAn aerobic, Gram-negative, non-pigmented, non-motile bacterium, KMM 3858T, was isolated from a sea-ice sample collected from Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan, Russia, and subjected to a phenotypic and phylogenetic study. Comparative analyses based on the 16S rRNA and recA gene sequences placed strain KMM 3858T within the genus Pseudochrobactrum. The major chemotaxonomic characteristics were found to be the presence of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminolipid and phosphatidylcholine, major fatty acids C18 : 1 ω7c and C19 : 0 cyclo, and ubiquinone Q-10, confirming the affiliation of strain KMM 3858T to the genus Pseudochrobactrum. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and the physiological and biochemical characterization, strain KMM 3858T should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Pseudochrobactrum, for which the name Pseudochrobactrum glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain Pi26T (=KMM 3858T=NRIC 0733T=JCM 15115T).
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- Other Gram-Positive Bacteria
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Gracilibacillus lacisalsi sp. nov., a halophilic Gram-positive bacterium from a salt lake in China
More LessTwo Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped, halophilic bacteria showing optimum growth at 5–7 % (w/v) NaCl were isolated from a salt lake, Xin-Jiang Province, China. The strains, designated BH312T and BH314, grew in the presence of 1–18 % (w/v) NaCl and at temperatures of 15–50 °C (optimum: 40 °C) and pH values of 5.5–10.0 (optimum: pH 7.5–8.0). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 38.8–39.0 mol% and the predominant lipoquinone was MK-7. The major cellular phospholipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates formed a cluster with Gracilibacillus orientalis XH-63T within the genus Gracilibacillus. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with closely related type strains were lower than 96.2 %. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus for which the name Gracilibacillus lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BH312T (=KCTC 13129T=DSM 19029T).
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Proposal for transfer of Pelagibacillus goriensis Kim et al. 2007 to the genus Terribacillus as Terribacillus goriensis comb. nov.
More LessThe phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics of two recently described genera were compared. Terribacillus saccharophilus and Pelagibacillus goriensis (both type species of their respective genera) are similar in many phenotypic characteristics and in their fatty acid profiles, both have MK-7 as the major menaquinone and they have similar G+C contents. Comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of P. goriensis CL-GR16T with those of T. saccharophilus 002-048T and Terribacillus halophilus 002-051T showed high degrees of sequence similarity, respectively 99.8 and 98.9 %. Phylogenetically, these three taxa are closely related and form a coherent cluster in the phylogenetic tree. The genomic relatedness of P. goriensis DSM 18252T with T. saccharophilus JCM 21759T and T. halophilus JCM 21760T is 51.7 and 35.6 %, respectively, which is well below the value of 70 % recommended for delineation of species. P. goriensis differs from T. saccharophilus in motility, the Voges–Proskauer test and acid production from and utilization of some carbohydrates. Based on these analyses, we conclude that Pelagibacillus should not be considered a separate genus and hence Pelagibacillus goriensis should be transferred to the genus Terribacillus as Terribacillus goriensis comb. nov., with the type strain CL-GR16T (=KCCM 42329T =DSM 18252T).
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Sporolactobacillus vineae sp. nov., a spore-forming lactic acid bacterium isolated from vineyard soil
More LessTwo spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic, lactic acid bacteria, strains SL153T and SL1153, were isolated from vineyard soil in Korea. Cells of both strains were slightly curved, Gram-positive, motile rods that measured between 1 and 4 μm in length and were approximately 0.5 μm in diameter. Strains SL153T and SL1153 fermented glucose, fructose, mannose and sorbitol, but were negative for nitrate reduction, catalase and oxidase. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the two isolates were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. meso-Diaminopimelic acid, glucose, mannose and galactose were determined in their whole-cell hydrolysates. 16S rRNA gene sequences from the two strains were almost identical (99.9 %) and they could be placed in the genus Sporolactobacillus according to phylogenetic analysis. The species most closely related to SL153T were Sporolactobacillus inulinus and Sporolactobacillus terrae with 16S rRNA gene similarities of 95.7 and 95.5 %, respectively, with the type strains. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain SL153T and the type strains of S. inulinus, S. terrae and Sporolactobacillus kofuensis were 18.5, 18.0 and 17.0 %, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic (16S rRNA gene), chemotaxonomic and phenotypic evidence given in this study, it is proposed that strains SL153T and SL1153 should be assigned to the genus Sporolactobacillus as representatives of the novel species Sporolactobacillus vineae sp. nov. The type strain is SL153T (=KCTC 5376T=JCM 14637T).
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Bacillus cecembensis sp. nov., isolated from the Pindari glacier of the Indian Himalayas
More LessStrain PN5T is a Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, peritrichously flagellated bacterium that was isolated from the Pindari glacier using nutrient agar medium. Cells of PN5T are catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and contain lysine, glutamic acid and alanine in the peptidoglycan (peptidoglycan type A4α). Further, the cells are characterized by the presence of iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C16 : 1 as the predominant fatty acids and MK-7 as the isoprenoid quinone. Based on the above characteristics, strain PN5T was assigned to the genus Bacillus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain PN5T clustered with the type strain of Bacillus silvestris with a sequence similarity of 97.2 %. DNA–DNA hybridization between PN5T and B. silvestris DSM 12223T resulted in a relatedness of only 15 %, clearly indicating that strain PN5T represents a novel species. Further, PN5T was different from B. silvestris with respect to various phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics. Therefore, strain PN5T is identified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus cecembensis sp. nov. is proposed. Bacillus cecembensis is unique among psychrotolerant Bacillus species in containing l-Lys–d-Glu in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The type strain is PN5T (=LMG 23935T =MTCC9127T =JCM 15113T).
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Anoxybacillus bogrovensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring in Dolni Bogrov, Bulgaria
More LessA novel moderately thermophilic bacterium, designated strain BT 13T, was isolated from a geothermal water source in Dolni Bogrov, near Sofia, Bulgaria. The isolate was spore-forming, Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, alkalitolerant and heterotrophic, and was able to ferment a wide variety of carbon sources including d-glucose, sucrose, l-arabinose, l-rhamnose, starch, sorbitol and glycogen. Strain BT 13T grew optimally at pH 8.0 and 65 °C. Intracellular amylolytic activity was registered with glucose as the main product of starch hydrolysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Anoxybacillus, the closest relatives being Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Anoxybacillus kamchatkensis. The DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. The fatty acid profile with a content of iso-branched fatty acids of around 80 % of the total fatty acids is similar to that of recognized Anoxybacillus species. On the basis of genotypic differentiation and significant differences in phenotypic characteristics, it was concluded that strain BT 13T represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillus bogrovensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BT 13T (=DSM 17956T=NBIMCC 8427T).
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Gracilibacillus halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from saline soil
A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, moderately thermophilic, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, obligately aerobic bacterium, strain YIM-C55.5T, was isolated from saline soil in the Qaidam Basin, north-west China. Cells were slender rods, motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Filamentous forms were present throughout the growth cycle. Strain YIM-C55.5T was able to grow in the presence of 7–30 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.0–9.0, with optimum growth at 15 % (w/v) NaCl and pH 7.0. It was able to grow at 28–60 °C, with optimum growth at 45–50 °C. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and C18 : 0. Strain YIM-C55.5T possessed menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 42.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM-C55.5T belonged to the family Bacillaceae and was related most closely to members of the genus Gracilibacillus, but with low levels of similarity to the type strains of recognized species of the genus (Gracilibacillus orientalis XH-63T, 95.1 %; Gracilibacillus boraciitolerans T-16XT, 94.0 %; Gracilibacillus dipsosauri DD1T, 93.7 %; Gracilibacillus halotolerans NNT, 93.5 %). Together with phenotypic data, these results suggest that strain YIM-C55.5T represents a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus halophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM-C55.5T (=DSM 17856T =CGMCC 1.6303T).
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Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Saharan salt lake
More LessA Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from a salt-crust sample collected from Gharsa salt lake (Chott el Gharsa), Tunisia. The newly isolated bacterium, designated SA-Vb1T, was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. Strain SA-Vb1T was closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus marismortui and Virgibacillus olivae, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.7 and 99.4 %, respectively. However, strain SA-Vb1T was distinguished from these two type strains on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA relatedness (29.4 and 5.1 %, respectively). The genetic relationship between strain SA-Vb1T and Virgibacillus pantothenticus IAM 11061T (the type strain of the type species) and other type strains of the genus was 96–98 % based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 18.3–22.3 % based on DNA–DNA hybridization. Biochemical analysis resulted in determination of major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0 (33.3, 29.2 and 9.8 %, respectively); phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the main polar lipids and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone (∼100 %). The distinct characteristics demonstrated by strain SA-Vb1T represent properties of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA-Vb1T (=JCM 12946T =DSM 18441T).
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Exiguobacterium soli sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
A novel psychrophilic bacterium, designated strain DVS 3YT, was isolated from a moraine sample from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and data from a phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DVS 3YT was related to the genus Exiguobacterium. Strain DVS 3YT exhibited >97 % gene sequence similarity with respect to Exiguobacterium acetylicum DSM 20416T (97.4 %), Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans DSM 17272T (97.4 %), Exiguobacterium indicum IAM 15368T (97.6 %), Exiguobacterium undae DSM 14481T (98.2 %), Exiguobacterium sibiricum DSM 17290T (98.6 %) and Exiguobacterium antarcticum DSM 14480T (99.6 %). However, the levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain DVS 3YT and E. acetylicum DSM 20416T, E. oxidotolerans JCM 12280T, E. indicum IAM 15368T, E. undae DSM 14481T, E. sibiricum DSM 17290T and E. antarcticum DSM 14480T were less than 70 % (52, 25, 16, 33, 16 and 38 %, respectively). Strain DVS 3YT also differed from these six closely related species in a number of phenotypic traits. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data suggest that strain DVS 3YT represents a novel species of the genus Exiguobacterium, for which the name Exiguobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DVS 3YT (=MTCC 4816T=JCM 14376T).
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Bacillus alkalidiazotrophicus sp. nov., a diazotrophic, low salt-tolerant alkaliphile isolated from Mongolian soda soil
Strain MS 6T was obtained from a microoxic enrichment with a soda soil sample from north-eastern Mongolia in nitrogen-free alkaline medium at pH 10. The isolate had clostridia-like motile cells and formed ellipsoid endospores. It was able to fix dinitrogen gas growing on nitrogen-free alkaline medium. Strain MS 6T was a strictly fermentative bacterium without a respiratory chain, although it had a high catalase activity and tolerated aerobic conditions. It was an obligate alkaliphile with a pH range for growth between 7.5 and 10.6 (optimum at 9.0–9.5). Growth and nitrogen fixation at pH 10 were possible at a total salt content of up to 1.2 M Na+ (optimum at 0.2–0.3 M). The dominant cellular fatty acids included C16 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C14 : 0. The dominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified strain MS 6T as a member of the genus Bacillus. Its closest relative was Bacillus arseniciselenatis E1HT. The key functional nitrogenase gene nifH was detected in both strain MS 6T and its close relative and these strains formed a novel lineage in the nifH gene family. On the basis of these phenotypic and genetic comparisons, strain MS 6T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus alkalidiazotrophicus sp. nov. with the type strain MS 6T (=NCCB 100213T=UNIQEM U377T).
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 75 (2025)
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)
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