-
Volume 46,
Issue 2,
1996
Volume 46, Issue 2, 1996
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
-
-
-
Halobacillus gen. nov., with Descriptions of Halobacillus litoralis sp. nov. and Halobacillus trueperi sp. nov., and Transfer of Sporosarcina halophila to Halobacillus halophilus comb. nov.
More LessTwo moderately halophilic, gram-positive, heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated from hypersaline sediments of the Great Salt Lake in Utah. These two strains, designated SL-4T (T = type strain) and SL-5T, were motile, spore-forming, strictly aerobic rods which contained peptidoglycan of the Orn-d-Asp type in their vegetative cell walls. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNAs of strains SL-4T and SL-5T were 42 and 43 mol%, respectively. A detailed investigation of the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics of these organisms revealed that each isolate represents a new species that is closely related to Sporosarcina halophila, a moderately halophilic, spore-forming coccus. Phylogenetic data indicate that there is only a distant relationship between Sporosarcina halophila and Sporosarcina ureae, the type species of the genus Sporosarcina. The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of strain SL-4T and Salinicoccus roseus DSM 5351 were determined. We propose that a new genus, Halobacillus, should be created; this genus includes Halobacillus halophilus (formerly Sporosarcina halophila) as the type species, as well as Halobacillus litoralis DSM 10405T (= SL-4T) and Halobacillus trueperi DSM 10404T (= SL-5T).
-
-
-
-
Caloramator indicus sp. nov., a New Thermophilic Anaerobic Bacterium Isolated from the Deep-Seated Nonvolcanically Heated Waters of an Indian Artesian Aquifer
More LessA new thermophilic, glucose-fermenting, anaerobic isolate, strain IndiB4T, was obtained from the nonvolcanically heated waters of an Indian artesian basin bore and was named Caloramator indicus. The cells of this organism were rod shaped to filamentous and occurred singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Motility and spores were not observed. Electron micrographs of thin sections revealed a typical gram-positive cell wall structure, although the cells stained gram negative. The optimum temperature for growth was 60 to 65°C, the maximum temperature was 75°C, and the minimum temperature was more than 37°C. Growth occurred at pH values between 6.2 and 9.2, and the optimum pH was between 7.5 and 8.1. The generation time of C. indicus at the optimal temperature and optimal pH was 20 min. The DNA base composition was 25.6 ± 0.3 mol% guanine plus cytosine as determined by thermal denaturation. Strain IndiB4T utilized a wide range of carbohydrates, including starch, amylopectin, sucrose, mannose, lactose, fructose, and cellobiose. Ethanol, acetate, lactate, CO2, and H2 were the end products of glucose fermentation. Growth was inhibited by pencillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, indicating that the organism is a member of the domain Bacteria. A phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain IndiB4T is affiliated with the low-guanine-plus-cytosine-content subgroup of the gram-positive phylum. The type strain of C. indicus is strain IndiB4 (= ACM 3982).
-
-
-
Identification of Saccharomonospora Strains by the Use of Genomic DNA Fragments and rRNA Gene Probes
Restriction digestion fragments of DNAs extracted from 14 representative strains of Saccharomonospora azurea, “Saccharomonospora caesia,” Saccharomonospora cyanea, Saccharomonospora glauca, and Saccharomonospora viridis and six “Saccharomonospora”-like isolates were separated by electrophoresis, Southern blotted onto nylon membranes, and hybridized by using two rRNA gene probes cloned from Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus KCTC 9080. The following four restriction endonucleases were used: Bam HI, Sal I, Pvu II, and Xho I. The resultant five ribotype patterns were considered species specific. The genomic diversity revealed by ribotyping indicates that this method can be used to both characterize and identify saccharomonosporae. All of the test strains contained DNA with three rRNA gene clusters.
-
-
-
Phylogenetic Analysis of Acinetobacter Strains Based on the Nucleotide Sequences of gyrB Genes and on the Amino Acid Sequences of Their Products
More LessPartial nucleotide sequences of the gyrB genes (DNA gyrase B subunit genes) of 15 Acinetobacter strains, including the type and reference strains of genomic species 1 to 12 (A. calcoaceticus [genomic species 1], A. baumannii [genomic species 2], Acinetobacter genomic species 3, A. haemolyticus [genomic species 4], A. junii [genomic species 5], Acinetobacter genomic species 6, A. johnsonii [genomic species 7], A. lwoffii [genomic species 8], Acinetobacter genomic species 9, Acinetobacter genomic species 10, Acinetobacter genomic species 11, and A. radioresistens [genomic species 12]), were determined by sequencing the PCR-amplified fragments of gyrB. The gyrB sequence homology among these Acinetobacter strains ranged from 69.6 to 99.7%. A phylogenetic analysis, using the gyrB sequences, indicates that genomic species 1, 2, and 3 formed one cluster (87.3 to 90.3% identity), while genomic species 8 and 9 formed another cluster (99.7% identity). These results are consistent with those of DNA-DNA hybridization and of biochemical systematics. On the other hand, the topology of the published phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA sequences of the Acinetobacter strains was quite different from that of the gyrB-based tree. The numbers of substitution in the 16S rRNA gene sequences were not high enough to construct a reliable phylogenetic tree. The gyrB-based analysis indicates that the genus Acinetobacter is highly diverse and that a reclassification of this genus would be required.
-
-
-
Isolation and Characterization of Sporobacter termitidis gen. nov., sp. nov., from the Digestive Tract of the Wood-Feeding Termite Nasutitermes lujae
A new chemoorganotrophic bacterium, strain SYRT (T = type strain), was isolated from the digestive tract of the wood-feeding termite Nasutitermes lujae. This organism was a slightly curved spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium. It had a gram-positive-type cell wall and was obligately anaerobic. It grew exclusively on a limited range of methylated aromatic compounds including 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (TMC), sinapate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamate), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamate, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate, ferulate, syringate (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoate), and vanillate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) but not on carbohydrates, alcohols, or fatty acids. The isolate required yeast extract for growth. Strain SYRT grew optimally between 32 and 35°C and at pH values between 6.7 and 7.2, with NaCl concentrations from 0 to 5 g · liter-1, on TMC with a doubling time of about 25 h. During growth on TMC in the presence of sulfide or cysteine, dimethyl sulfide and acetate were produced, whereas methanethiol was an intermediary product of metabolism. The ring of the methoxylated aromatic compound was cleaved. The DNA base composition was 57 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain SYRT was distantly related to Eubacterium desmolans and Eubacterium plautii. On the basis of its distinct phylogenetic position and physiological properties, strain SYRT has been designated a new species of a new genus, Sporobacter termitidis gen. nov., sp. nov. (= DSM 10068T).
-
-
-
Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge
More LessA new gram-positive bacterium was isolated from activated sludge acclimated with sugar-containing synthetic wastewater. This organism, designated strain Y-104T (T = type strain), was a coccus-shaped, aerobic chemoorganotroph that had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This strain accumulates large amounts of polysaccharide in its cells. Strain Y-104T has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: it contains menaquinone MK-8(H4), its DNA G+C content is 67.5 mol%, and it contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. No previously described high-G+C-content gram-positive coccus contains both MK-8(H4) as a major quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences showed that strain Y-104T represents a line of descent distinct from those of previously described species of high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria and that members of the genus Frankia are the nearest neighbors. Therefore, we concluded that our isolate should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which we propose the name Microsphaera multipartita. The type strain is strain Y-104.
-
-
-
Phylogeny of Legionellaceae Based on Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Proposal of Legionella lytica comb. nov. for Legionella-Like Amoebal Pathogens
More LessThe 16S rRNA-encoding gene sequences from strains of the family Legionellaceae, Sarcobium lyticum, and Coxiella burnetii were determined. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that all Legionella spp. were members of a coherent monophyletic family. The blue-white autofluorescent species formed a defined cluster bounded by Legionella bozemanii and Legionella tucsonensis. The strains of Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila and Legionella pneumophila subsp. fraseri shared 99.2% sequence identity. A legionella-like amoebal pathogen (LLAP-3) showed 99.4% sequence identity to the obligate intracellular bacterial parasite Sarcobium lyticum. A proposal is made for the transfer of Sarcobium lyticum from the genus Sarcobium to the genus Legionella as Legionella lytica comb. nov. On the basis of serology and phenetic and phylogenetic comparisons, the taxa Legionella erythra and Legionella rubrilucens may be regarded as subspecies.
-
-
-
Description of Bacillus thermoaerophilus sp. nov., To Include Sugar Beet Isolates and Bacillus brevis ATCC 12990 †
Isolates of thermophilic bacteria obtained from an Austrian beet sugar factory were screened by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and freeze-fracture electron microscopy for the presence of glycosylated crystalline cell surface layers (S-layers). On the basis of similarities in the protein band patterns on SDS-PAGE gels and the lattice geometry of the S-layers as revealed by electron micrographs, the 31 isolates which we studied were clustered into five groups (groups I to V) and several strains which exhibited no common characteristics (group 0). We found that the organisms belonging to groups I to III had glycosylated S-layer proteins, but the highest carbohydrate contents were observed in group III organisms. Partial sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNAs of selected representative strains of each group revealed that the group I, II, IV, and V isolates and the few group 0 strains were different from the group III strains. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization experiments, SDS-PAGE, and an analysis of polar lipids demonstrated that group III isolates L419-91, L420-91T (T = type strain), and L438-91 belong to the same species. We chose the group III organism Bacillus sp. strain L420-91T for further analysis because of the high carbohydrate content of its S-layer protein. The taxonomic position of this isolate was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic analyses revealed that strains L420-91T, L419-91, and L438-91 represent a new Bacillus species. We observed high levels of similarity between these strains and Bacillus brevis ATCC 12990, which also had a glycosylated S-layer protein. Our results show that strains L420-91T, L419-91, and L438-91 and B. brevis ATCC 12990 belong to the same species and that this species is a new Bacillus species, which we name Bacillus thermoaerophilus. The type strain of this species is strain L420-91 (= DSM 10154).
-
-
-
Unification of the Genera Deleya (Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas (Vreeland et al. 1980), and Halovibrio (Fendrich 1988) and the Species Paracoccus halodenitrificans (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) into a Single Genus, Halomonas, and Placement of the Genus Zymobacter in the Family Halomonadaceae
More LessWe determined the 16S rRNA sequences of the type strains of species belonging to the genera Deleya and Halomonas for which no sequence data were available previously. We also determined the 16S rRNA sequence of ACAM 21, a representative strain of a biovar of Halomonas subglaciescola. The members of the genera Deleya, Halomonas, and Halovibrio and the misnamed organism Paracoccus halodenitrificans formed a monophyletic group within the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. The 16S rRNA sequences of the members of this group contained all of the signature features previously identified as characteristic of the group. The frequency of occurrence of these signature features among other members of the gamma subclass has remained stable during the expansion of the database of rRNA sequences. The levels of 16S rRNA sequence similarity between members of the species belonging to the genera Deleya, Halomonas, and the misnamed organism P. halodenitrificans ranged from 91.5 to 100%; however, the level of sequence similarity for members of well-resolved monophyletic subgroups which might represent separate genera was 98%. At a sequence similarity level of 98% 10 subgroups were resolved, but these groups could not be differentiated on the basis of chemotaxonomic or phenotypic characteristics. In this paper we propose that members of the genera Deleya, Halomonas, and Halovibrio should be placed in a single genus, the genus Halomonas, and we emend the description of this genus. The resulting new combinations are Halomonas aquamarina (Deleya aquamarina Akagawa and Yamasato 1989), Halomonas variabilis (Halovibrio variabilis Fendrich 1988), Halomonas venusta (Deleya venusta Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas cupida (Deleya cupida Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas pacifica (Deleya pacifica Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas marina (Deleya marina Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas halophila (Deleya halophila Quesada et al. 1984), and Halomonas salina (Deleya salina Valderrama et al. 1991). We transfer the misnamed organism P. halodenitrificans to the genus Halomonas as Halomonas halodenitrificans comb. nov. (P. halodenitrificans Robinson and Gibbons 1952). The genus Zymobacter is closely related to the genus Halomonas. While the genus Zymobacter can be clearly distinguished from the genus Halomonas, these two taxa share important genotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic characteristics. We propose that the genus Zymobacter should be transferred to the family Halomonadaceae and emend the description of the family Halomonadaceae. The 16S rRNA sequence of Halomonas subglaciescola ACAM 21 was significantly different from the 16S rRNA sequence of the type strain of Halomonas subglaciescola (strain ACAM 12) but was nearly identical to the 16S rRNA sequence of Halomonas halodurans.
-
-
-
Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Butyrate-Producing Bacterium from the Rumen That Closely Resembles Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens in Phenotype
More LessA gram-negative, anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacterium which is a curved rod and motile by means of a single polar or subpolar flagellum was isolated from the rumen of a cow on pasture. The bacterium fermented a range of carbohydrates. Glucose was fermented to formate, butyrate, and lactate. The composition of cellular fatty acids was determined. The DNA base composition was 40 to 41 mol% G+C. The complete 16S rRNA sequence (EMBL accession number, X95893) was obtained, and the phylogenetic relationships were determined. The most closely related taxa were Roseburia cecicola, Eubacterium rectale, and Lachnospira pectinoschiza. The name proposed for this bacterium is Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis gen. nov., the type strain is A12-1 (DSM 9787).
-
-
-
Bifidobacterium inopinatum sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium denticolens sp. nov., Two New Species Isolated from Human Dental Caries
More LessIn a previous investigation of bifidobacteria isolated from human dental caries (V. Scardovi and F. Crociani, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 24:6-20, 1974), 40 strains were assigned to the new species Bifidobacterium dentium. In this study we examined 70 new strains of bifidobacteria isolated from dental caries. The morphological characteristics, biochemical reactions, fermentation patterns, end products from glucose metabolism, protein electrophoretic patterns, levels of DNA hybridization, and DNA G+C contents of these organisms revealed that they belong to three different taxa. One of these taxa was identified as B. dentium. The other two are described as the following new Bifidobacterium species in this paper: Bifidobacterium inopinatum (type strain, DSM 10107) and Bifidobacterium denticolens (type strain, DSM 10105). The two new species differ from other Bifidobacterium species in their morphological characteristics (especially B. inopinatum, with its very small coccoid cells), in their carbohydrate fermentation patterns (most strains ferment dextran, and B. inopinatum does not ferment galactose), and in their DNA base compositions (especially B. inopinatum).
-
-
-
High-Resolution Genotypic Analysis of the Genus Aeromonas by AFLP Fingerprinting
More LessWe investigated the ability of a recently developed genomic fingerprinting technique, named AFLP, to differentiate the 14 currently defined DNA hybridization groups (HGs) in the genus Aeromonas. We also determined the taxonomic positions of the phenospecies Aeromonas allosaccharophila, Aeromonas encheleia, Aeromonas enteropelogenes, and Aeromonas ichthiosmia, which have not been assigned to HGs yet. A total of 98 Aeromonas type and reference strains were included in this study. For the AFLP analysis, the total genomic DNA of each strain was digested with restriction endonucleases Apa I and Taq I. Subsequently, restriction fragments were selectively amplified under high-stringency PCR conditions. The amplification products were electrophoretically separated on a polyacrylamide gel and visualized by autoradiography. Following high-resolution densitometric scanning of the resulting band patterns, AFLP data were further processed for a computer-assisted comparison. A numerical analysis of the digitized fingerprints revealed 13 AFLP clusters which, in general, clearly supported the current Aeromonas taxonomy derived from DNA homology data. In addition, our results indicated that there is significant genotypic heterogeneity in Aeromonas eucrenophila (HG6), which may lead to a further subdivision of this species. A. allosaccharophila and A. encheleia did not represent a separate AFLP cluster but were found to be genotypically related to HG8/10 and HG6, respectively. In addition, the results of the AFLP analysis also confirmed the phylogenetic findings that A. enteropelogenes and A. ichthiosmia are in fact identical to Aeromonas trota (HG13) and Aeromonas veronii (HG8/10), respectively. The results of this study clearly show that the AFLP technique is a valuable new high-resolution genotypic tool for classification of Aeromonas species and also emphasize that this powerful DNA fingerprinting method is important for bacterial taxonomy in general.
-
-
-
Analysis of Thermophilic Clades within the Genus Streptomyces by 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Comparisons
More LessAlmost complete sequences of the 16S rRNA genes of eight representative thermophilic streptomycetes were determined following the isolation and cloning of the amplified genes. These sequences were aligned with those of representative mesophilic streptomycetes, and phylogenetic trees were inferred by using four tree-making algorithms. The thermophilic streptomycetes formed two distinct clades that were supported by high bootstrap values based on 1,000 resamplings. One clade encompassed Streptomyces macrosporus and related species, and the second clade included Streptomyces thermodiastaticus and allied taxa. The relationships between the organisms were not markedly influenced by the different tree-making methods, but the rooting of the tree was sensitive to the choice of the outgroup strain. It is evident from this study that the thermophilic streptomycetes do not merit recognition as a distinct taxon within the genus Streptomyces.
-
-
-
Characterization of Lactobacilli by Southern-Type Hybridization with a Lactobacillus plantarum pyrDFE Probe
More LessLactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Lactobacillus paraplantarum (M.-C. Curk, J.-C. Hubert, and F. Bringel, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:595–598, 1996) can hardly be distinguished on the basis of their phenotypes. Unlike L. plantarum and L. paraplantarum, L. pentosus ferments glycerol and xylose but not melezitose. We identified two L. pentosus strains (CNRZ 1538 and CNRZ 1544) which ferment glycerol and melezitose but not xylose. α-Methyl-d-mannoside was fermented by 66% of the L. plantarum strains tested but not by L. paraplantarum strains. In this paper we describe a simple method to identify L. plantarum, L. pentosus, and L. paraplantarum. This method is based on nonradioactive Southern-type hybridization between Bgl I DNA digests of the lactobacilli tested and a DNA probe (L. plantarum pyrDFE genes from strain CCM 1904). A total of 68 lactobacilli were classified into five groups on the basis of the bands detected. Two groups contained L. plantarum strains; one of these groups contained 31 strains, including the type strain, and was characterized by bands at 7, 4, and 1 kb, and the other group contained strain LP 85-2 and was characterized by bands at 5 and 1.1 kb. Only one band (a band at around 7 kb) was detected in the strains belonging to the L. pentosus group, and two bands (at 4 and 1 kb) were found in the strains belonging to the L. paraplantarum group. No hybridization was detected in the last group, which contained Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Lactobacillus leichmannii strains.
-
-
-
Lactobacillus paraplantarum sp. nov., a New Species Related to Lactobacillus plantarum
More LessFour strains of facultatively heterofermentative lactobacilli isolated from beer and human feces have physiological characteristics similar to those of Lactobacillus plantarum. Unlike 66% of the L. plantarum strains tested (F. Bringel, M.-C. Curk, and J.-C. Hubert, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:588–594, 1996), these strains do not catabolize α-methyl-d-mannoside. However, because they exhibit little DNA relatedness to L. plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus, these four strains were classified as members of a new species, Lactobacillus paraplantarum; strain CNRZ 1885 (= CIP 104668) is the type strain.
-
-
-
Emendation of the Genus Cytophaga and Transfer of Cytophaga agarovorans and Cytophaga salmonicolor to Marinilabilia gen. nov.: Phylogenetic Analysis of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga Complex
More LessA 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the genera Cytophaga, Flavobacterium, and Flexibacter are all polyphyletic and should be redefined and reorganized. Cytophaga hutchinsonii, the type species of the genus Cytophaga, belongs to a lineage that also contains Cytophaga aurantiaca. The genus Cytophaga is emended so that it contains only these two species, which decompose distinctly crystalline cellulose. Cytophaga salmonicolor and Cytophaga agarovorans form a lineage which is intermediate between other aerobic species and anaerobic bacteroides. Phenotypically, these organisms are characterized by being facultative anaerobes, inhabiting marine environments, and containing menaquinone-7 and spermidine. We propose that C. salmonicolor and C. agarovorans should be transferred to the genus Marinilabilia gen. nov. as Marinilabilia salmonicolor comb. nov. and Marinilabilia agarovorans comb. nov., respectively.
-
-
-
Transfer of Thermus ruber (Loginova et al. 1984), Thermus silvanus (Tenreiro et al. 1995), and Thermus chliarophilus (Tenreiro et al. 1995) to Meiothermus gen. nov. as Meiothermus ruber comb. nov., Meiothermus silvanus comb. nov., and Meiothermus chliarophilus comb. nov., Respectively, and Emendation of the Genus Thermus
More LessOn the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic distinctiveness, we formally propose that the species of the genus Thermus that have low optimum growth temperatures, Thermus ruber, Thermus silvanus, and Thermus chliarophilus, should be reclassified in the genus Meiothermus gen. nov. as Meiothermus ruber comb. nov., Meiothermus silvanus comb. nov., and Meiothermus chliarophilus comb. nov., respectively. An emended description of the genus Thermus is also presented.
-
-
-
16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis Confirms the Close Relationship between the Genera Xanthobacter, Azorhizobium, and Aquabacter and Reveals a Lack of Phylogenetic Coherence among Xanthobacter Species
More LessA comparative 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis was used to investigate the phylogenetic position of members of the genus Xanthobacter. We determined 16S rDNA sequence data for the type strains of the three Xanthobacter species and five additional Xanthobacter strains. The close relationship between the genera Xanthobacter, Azorhizobium, and Aquabacter previously demonstrated by DNA-rRNA hybridization studies was confirmed. The results of our phylogenetic analysis indicate that members of the genera Xanthobacter, Azorhizobium, and Aquabacter are intermixed and that there is no clear generic cluster consisting of the Xanthobacter species. A comparison of the Xanthobacter sequences with the 16S rDNA sequences available from environmental clone studies indicated that members of this genus have not been detected by nonculturing approaches.
-
-
-
Rickettsia africae sp. nov., the Etiological Agent of African Tick Bite Fever
We propose the name Rickettsia africae sp. nov. (with type strain Z9-Hu) for a distinct species of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae that is the etiological agent of African tick bite fever in humans. This rickettsia has a distinct natural cycle and can be phenotypically distinguished from the other SFG rickettsiae by microimmunofluorescence serotyping, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by Western blotting (immunoblotting). Genotypic differences between R. africae and the other SFG rickettsiae can be demonstrated by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
-
- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
-
-
-
Phylogenetic Relationships among Members of the Ascomycetous Yeast Genera Brettanomyces, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, and Kluyveromyces Deduced by Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences
More LessA molecular systematic investigation of members of the ascomycetous yeast genera Brettanomyces, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, and Kluyveromyces was performed by using 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Our comparative sequence analysis revealed that Brettanomyces anomalus and Brettanomyces bruxellensis were closely related to one another and also to their teleomorphs, Dekkera anomala and Dekkera bruxellensis, respectively. Together with Dekkera custersiana and Dekkera naardenensis, these four species formed a stable and distinct phylogenetic group. The three representative species of the genus Debaryomyces examined (viz., Debaryomyces castellii, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Debaryomyces udenii) were found to be genealogically highly related to each other and exhibited a specific phylogenetic affinity (level of sequence similarity, approximately 99.2%) with Candida guilliermondii (telemorph, Pichia guilliermondii). Debaryomyces species and C. guilliermondii formed a distinct phylogenetic group, which displayed a significant association with a phylogenetically coherent cluster encompassing Lodderomyces elongisporus, Candida albicans, and four other Candida species. In contrast to the situation with the genera Brettanomyces and Debaryomyces, the genus Kluyveromyces displayed very marked phylogenetic heterogeneity. Kluyveromyces polysporus, the type species of the genus Kluyveromyces, and six other Kluyveromyces species (viz., Kluyveromyces africanus, Kluyveromyces delphensis, Kluyveromyces lodderae, Kluyveromyces thermotolerans, Kluyveromyces waltii, and Kluyveromyces yarrowii) were phylogenetically intermixed with species of the genera Zygosaccharomyces, Saccharomyces, and Torulaspora. In contrast, Kluyveromyces aestuarii, Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii, Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces wickerhamii, and three Kluyveromyces marxianus varieties, along with their anamorph, Candida kefyr, formed a highly stable monophyletic group worthy of separate generic status. Kluyveromyces blattae and Kluyveromyces phaffii formed two distinct phylogenetic lines that did not exhibit particularly close affinity with each other or other ascomycetous yeast genera. Our phylogenetic findings are discussed in the context of the results of other genotypic and phenotypic studies.
-
-
Volumes and issues
-
Volume 75 (2025)
-
Volume 74 (2024)
-
Volume 73 (2023)
-
Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
-
Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
-
Volume 70 (2020)
-
Volume 69 (2019)
-
Volume 68 (2018)
-
Volume 67 (2017)
-
Volume 66 (2016)
-
Volume 65 (2015)
-
Volume 64 (2014)
-
Volume 63 (2013)
-
Volume 62 (2012)
-
Volume 61 (2011)
-
Volume 60 (2010)
-
Volume 59 (2009)
-
Volume 58 (2008)
-
Volume 57 (2007)
-
Volume 56 (2006)
-
Volume 55 (2005)
-
Volume 54 (2004)
-
Volume 53 (2003)
-
Volume 52 (2002)
-
Volume 51 (2001)
-
Volume 50 (2000)
-
Volume 49 (1999)
-
Volume 48 (1998)
-
Volume 47 (1997)
-
Volume 46 (1996)
-
Volume 45 (1995)
-
Volume 44 (1994)
-
Volume 43 (1993)
-
Volume 42 (1992)
-
Volume 41 (1991)
-
Volume 40 (1990)
-
Volume 39 (1989)
-
Volume 38 (1988)
-
Volume 37 (1987)
-
Volume 36 (1986)
-
Volume 35 (1985)
-
Volume 34 (1984)
-
Volume 33 (1983)
-
Volume 32 (1982)
-
Volume 31 (1981)
-
Volume 30 (1980)
-
Volume 29 (1979)
-
Volume 28 (1978)
-
Volume 27 (1977)
-
Volume 26 (1976)
-
Volume 25 (1975)
-
Volume 24 (1974)
-
Volume 23 (1973)
-
Volume 22 (1972)
-
Volume 21 (1971)
-
Volume 20 (1970)
-
Volume 19 (1969)
-
Volume 18 (1968)
-
Volume 17 (1967)
-
Volume 16 (1966)
-
Volume 15 (1965)
-
Volume 14 (1964)
-
Volume 13 (1963)
-
Volume 12 (1962)
-
Volume 11 (1961)
-
Volume 10 (1960)
-
Volume 9 (1959)
-
Volume 8 (1958)
-
Volume 7 (1957)
-
Volume 6 (1956)
-
Volume 5 (1955)
-
Volume 4 (1954)
-
Volume 3 (1953)
-
Volume 2 (1952)
-
Volume 1 (1951)
Most Read This Month
