- Volume 41, Issue 2, 1991
Volume 41, Issue 2, 1991
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Notes: Branhamaceae fam. nov., a Proposed Family To Accommodate the Genera Branhamella and Moraxella
More LessThe genera assigned to the family Neisseriaceae in 1984 (K. Bøvre, p. 288-290, in N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt, ed., Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1) are now recognized as members of two different groups (the beta and gamma groups) of the class Proteobacteria. DNA base composition data, findings from DNA-mediated transformation to streptomycin resistance, DNA-DNA hybridization, and DNA-rRNA hybridization, and results from electrophoresis of soluble proteins have revealed differences that mandate separation from Neisseria of the three species of “false neisseriae” (Neisseria caviae, Neisseria ovis, and Neisseria cuniculi), and also of the genera Branhamella, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter. Since these organisms must be excluded from the Neisseriaceae, the new family Branhamaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Branhamella (including the false neisseriae) and Moraxella. This arrangement acknowledges the phylogenetic relationships of these organisms and resolves controversies concerning (i) the recommendation that the genus Moraxella should be divided into the subgenus Moraxella (for rod-shaped organisms) and the subgenus Branhamella (for cocci) and (ii) the taxonomic placement of the false neisseriae. The present evidence does not favor inclusion of the genus Acinetobacter in the family Branhamaceae. The following species are included at this time in the type genus, Branhamella: Branhamella catarrhalis (the type species), Branhamella caviae, Branhamella ovis, and Branhamella cuniculi. The species allocated at this time to the genus Moraxella are Moraxella lacunata (the type species) Moraxella bovis, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Moraxella osloensis, Moraxella phenylpyruvica, and Moraxella atlantae.
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Phylogenetic Analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum Using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Amplified 16S rRNA-Specific DNA
More LessThe 16S rRNA gene of the magnetotactic magnetogen Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum MS1 was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction, using two eubacterial consensus oligodeoxynucleotide primers flanking the majority of the 16S rRNA gene, cloned, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. magnetotacticum MS1 belongs to the α-group of proteobacteria. This assignment offers perspective on the biochemical properties of A. magnetotacticum, since this organism is expected to have the general properties that are common to this phylogenetic group.
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Genome Sizes of Mammalian and Avian Ureaplasmas
More LessThe sizes of the genomes of 12 Ureaplasma strains isolated from six mammalian and one avian species, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, varied from 760 to 1,170 kilobase pairs (470 to 723 megadaltons); and these values encompassed the values for the genomes of Ureaplasma urealyticum strains. Variation of at least 54% in the genome sizes restricts the usefulness of this taxonomic criterion for the genus Ureaplasma.
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The Type Strain(s) of Listeria monocytogenes: a Source of Continuing Difficulties
S. KATHARIOU and L. PINEThe type strain of Listeria monocytogenes differs from wild-type L. monocytogenes strains in more characteristics than just the previously reported deficiency in hemolytic activity and virulence in the murine infection model. The type strain from the American Type Culture Collection (strain ATCC 15313) produces lecithinase, is hemolytic on rabbit (but not sheep) blood agar, lacks motility, and shows limited cytopathogenic effects on Caco-2 monolayers, whereas the type strain from the Special Listeria Culture Collection (strain SLCC 53) is unable to produce lecithinase, is nonhemolytic on rabbit or sheep blood agar, is motile, and shows no cytopathogenic effects on Caco-2 monolayers.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Characterization of Yeast Strains of the Genera Candida, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Rhodotorula, and Saccharomyces by Mixed-Dye Fluorometry
More LessAn analytical method in which we used the selective adsorption of several fluorophores by yeast cells is described. The suitability of using binary mixtures of 1-pyrene butyric acid, 3,6-dimethylamino acridine, 4-acetamido-4′-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid, and rhodamine B isothiocyanate for the characterization and identification of microorganisms was tested with 98 yeast strains belonging to the genera Candida, Hansenula, Kluyveromyces, Pichia, Rhodotorula, and Saccharomyces. The application of multivariate statistical methods and pattern recognition methods to the allocation of the yeast strains into genus-species-strain structures and to a comparison of fluorescence data sets for differentiation and identification purposes showed the usefulness of the method.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Designation of ATCC 334 in Place of ATCC 393 (NCDO 161) as the Neotype Strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and Rejection of the Name Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al., 1989)
More LessStrain ATCC 393 (= NCDO 161) was selected as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei by Hansen and Lessel in 1971 and was confirmed as such on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names in 1980. However, two independent DNA-DNA homology studies have shown that strains belonging to the subspecies of L. casei are not genetically closely related to strain ATCC 393T (T = type strain). In 1989 Collins et al. found high levels of DNA homology between strains belonging to the subspecies of L. casei and L. casei NCDO 151 and reclassified L. casei subsp. casei (the majority of the strains), L. casei subsp. alactosus, L. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum, and L. casei subsp. tolerans as Lactobacillus paracasei. However, results obtained from DNA-DNA hybridization experiments and a computerized numerical analysis of total soluble cell proteins indicated that authentic strains belonging to the subspecies of L. casei are genotypically closely related to L. casei subsp. casei ATCC 334. According to Rules 18g and 18i of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, replacement of a neotype strain can be requested if “an original strain that should constitute the type of a species is discovered subsequent to the final proposal or establishment of a neotype for that species” or if the neotype has become “unsuitable due to changes in its characters or for other reasons.” We request that the Judicial Commission designate strain ATCC 334 in place of ATCC 393 as the neotype strain of L. casei subsp. casei. Furthermore, we request that the species name L. paracasei be rejected.
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