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Volume 33,
Issue 3,
1983
Volume 33, Issue 3, 1983
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Campylobacter nitrofigilis sp. nov., a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Associated with Roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel
More LessObligately microaerophilic, nitrogen-fixing bacteria were found associated with roots of Spartina alterniflora Loisel and in root-associated sediments from salt marshes in Nova Scotia, Canada, and Georgia. These bacteria differ from previously described species and thus represent a new species. The cells of all strains which we studied are small, rigid, curved, motile, and rod shaped and have single polar flagella. Metabolism is respiratory, and the strains utilize organic and amino acids, but not carbohydrates, as sole carbon sources. Poly-β-hydroxybu-tyrate is not produced. These traits and the guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of these strains (28.3 ± 0.1 mol%) indicate that they are members of the genus Campylobacter Sebald and Véron 1963. However, these strains can be distinguished from the previously described species of Campylobacter by the presence of nitrogenase, by their tolerance of and apparent requirement for NaCl, by the production of pigment from tryptophan, by a combination of other biochemical traits, and by their association with plant roots. Therefore, we propose that these strains represent a new species, Campylobacter nitrofigilis, and we designate strain CI (= ATCC 33309) as the type strain.
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Prosthecomicrobium litoralum, a New Species from Marine Habitats
More LessMarine strains of multiply appendaged prosthecate bacteria have been isolated. All three strains included in this study have characteristics that are typical of the genus Prosthecomicrobium. The deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of the strains tested range from 66 to 67 mol% guanine plus cytosine; these values are similar to the value reported for Prosthecomicrobium enhydrum. However, the new strains which we studied differ from Prosthecomicrobium enhydrum because of their marine origin, immotility, requirement for a minimum salinity for growth of 5°/oo, and lack of colony pigmentation. The marine strains have an absolute sodium ion requirement for growth, which is consistent with their being indigenous to marine environments. A new species, Prosthecomicrobium litoralum, is proposed.
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Roseburia cecicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a Motile, Obligately Anaerobic Bacterium from a Mouse Cecum
More LessStrain GMT (type strain), a motile, obligately anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from scrapings of the cecal mucosa of a conventional laboratory mouse. Strain GMT cells were gram-negative, nonsporeforming, slightly curved rods (0.5 by 2.5 to 5 μm) with 20 to 35 flagella inserted into the concave side and, occasionally, into the end of each cell. The flagella appeared as a single fascicle when the cells were examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Glycerol, sorbitol, d-glucuronic acid, d-xylose, d-galactose, d-raffinose, d-glucose, d-maltose, cellobiose, sucrose, starch, and glycogen were growth substrates for this organism. Butyrate, ethanol, CO2, and H2 were products of fermentation of glucose and acetate by growing cells. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of strain GMT was 42.3 mol%, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. The characteristics of this bacterium indicate that it does not belong to any currently recognized genus. Therefore, for this organism we propose a new genus, Roseburia, and a new species, Roseburia cecicola, in the family Bacteroidaceae. A culture of the type strain (strain GM) has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection under the number ATCC 33874.
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Centipeda periodontii gen. nov., sp. nov. from Human Periodontal Lesions
More LessNine strains of motile, anaerobic, nonsporeforming, gram-negative bacteria were isolated from human lesions of adult and juvenile periodontitis and compared with type strains Fusobacterium plauti ATCC 29863, Selenomonas sputigena ATCC 33150, Selenomonas ruminantium ATCC 12561, and Pectinatus cerevisiiphilus ATCC 29359. The cells of our isolates were long and serpentine and appeared to be bilaterally flagellated when they were examined by dark-field microscopy, giving the cells a centipede-like appearance. Electron microscopic studies snowed the presence of a linear zone of flagellar insertions which spiraled around the cell body. Cultures were fermentative and produced propionic, acetic, lactic, and succinic acids. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of three isolates ranged from 52 to 54 mol%, as determined by the thermal denaturation method. All strains had 58 to 100% deoxyribonucleic acid homology with one another, but only 14% or less homology with the deoxyribonucleic acids of three previously described species. We propose the name Centipeda periodontii gen. nov., sp. nov. for these organisms; strain LL2383 (= ATCC 35019) is the type strain.
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Morphological and Taxonomic Reevaluation of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and “Bacillus penetrans” Mankau 1975
More LessThe characteristics of a cladoceran parasite and a nematode parasite were compared with the characteristics given in descriptions of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and with the characteristics of strain ATCC 27377, the type strain of P. ramosa designated by Staley (Can. J. Microbiol. 19:609-614, 1973). The cladoceran and nematode parasites formed endospores and exhibited most of the morphological phases described by Metchnikoff. Strain ATCC 27377 of Staley did not form spores or exhibit the morphological stages described for P. ramosa. Our findings indicate that strain ATCC 27377 is not a member of P. ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 and should not be considered the type strain for the genus and species. Because the cladoceran and nematode parasites do conform to the description of P. ramosa of Metchnikoff, they appear to be members of the genus Pasteuria.
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Notes: Emendation of Thiobacillus perometabolis London and Rittenberg 1967
More LessAn emended description of Thiobacillus perometabolis type strain THI 023 (= ATCC 23370) is presented. T. perometabolis grows in autotrophic media containing reduced inorganic sulfur compounds and in heterotrophic media containing single carbon sources, contrary to the original description.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Restriction Endonuclease Fingerprint Characterization of Actinomycete Strains
More LessRestriction endonuclease digestion of total purified genomic deoxyribonucleic acid gives rise to deoxyribonucleic acid fragments of discrete sizes. These can be separated by one-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis. A unique banding pattern (fingerprint) is obtained for each actinomycete wild-type strain tested. These fingerprints are useful for recognizing a given wild-type strain and its derivatives, but cannot be used for species characterization.
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Pseudomonas fuscovaginae sp. nov., nom. rev.
More LessThe name Pseudomonas fuscovaginae Tanii, Miyajima and Akita 1976 was omitted from the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names. Therefore, this name is here revived for the organism to which it originally referred. The cells of strains of this species are aerobic, gram negative, and rod shaped with polar flagella. They oxidize glucose in oxidation-fermentation medium, and they produce a green fluorescent pigment, oxidase, and arginine dihydrolase. Denitrification, β-glucosidase, pit formation on polypectate gel and growth at 37°C are negative. Characteristics that distinguish this species from other fluorescent pseudomonads which are positive for arginine dihydrolase and oxidase are its ability to produce a hypersensitivity reaction in tobacco plants and its inability to utilize 2-ketogluconate or inositol. These bacteria were pathogenic to Oryza sativa and eight other species of the Gramineae. The type strain is NCPPB 3085 (= PDDCC 5940).
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Confusing Irregularities in the Nomenclature of Some Rhodococcus Species
More LessWe draw attention to the fact that there are some confusing irregularities in the authority citations for some species of Rhodococcus on the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and also in the designation of the type strains of the objective synonyms Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium equi.
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Description of Bacillus azotoformans sp. nov.
More LessThe name Bacillus azotoformans (ex Pichinoty, de Barjac, Mandel, Greenway, and Garcia 1976) is revived. Strains of this species are motile and produce terminal or subterminal oval endospores in swollen sporangia. Nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide are denitrified with production of nitrogen. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the deoxyribonucleic acid of this organism is 39.8 ± 1.2 mol% (mean ± standard deviation). The type strain is ATCC 29788 (= CCM 2849 = CIP R925).
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Transfer of Micropolyspora rectivirgula (Krassilnikov and Agre 1964) Lechevalier, Lechevalier, and Becker 1966 to Faenia gen. nov.
More LessBecause Micropolyspora brevicatena , the type species of the genus Micropolyspora, has been removed from Micropolyspora to the genus Nocardia, we propose the name Faenia gen. nov. for the remaining species in the genus. The type species of this new genus is Faenia rectivirgula (Krassilnikov and Agre) comb. nov. The type strain of F. rectivirgula is VKM-A-810 = INMU 683 = ATCC 33515).
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Assignment of ATCC 27377 to Planctomyces staleyi sp. nov. and Conservation of Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 on the Basis of Type Descriptive Material
More LessThe name Pasteuria ramosa Metchnikoff 1888 is used for two quite different kinds of bacteria. We request that the Judicial Commission issue an Opinion to the effect that the name be used only for the sort of bacterial parasite or endosymbiont described by Metchnikoff from the body cavities of cladoceran invertebrates belonging to the family Daphnidae. The name should not be used for an organism quite different from that described by Metchnikoff, ATCC 27377T, a member of morphotype IV of the Blastocaulis-Planctomyces group of budding and non-prosthecately appendaged bacteria, for which we propose the name Planctomyces staleyi sp. nov. We further recommend that relevant alterations be made in connection with the Approved Lists of Bacterial Names and culture collection catalogs.
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- Errata
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