- Volume 26, Issue 2, 1976
Volume 26, Issue 2, 1976
- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Methylobacterium, a New Genus of Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacteria
More LessA new genus and a new species of methane-oxidizing bacteria are described. The colonies produced by these bacteria are pink, circular, and convex with entire margins. Cells are gram negative and are normally found singularly with some rosettes. Negative stains indicate polar flagellation. In thin sections, intracytoplasmic membranes, similar to those described as type II in other methylotrophs, were present when the cells were grown with methane. No such membranes were apparent when the cells were grown with the other carbon and energy sources tested. The serine pathway for formaldehyde incorporation is the pathway of C1 metabolism. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 66 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Methylobacterium is proposed as the name for this new genus of rod-shaped, methane-oxidizing bacteria. The specific epithet in the name of the type species, Methylobacterium organophilum sp. nov., denotes the preference of this organism for organic carbon and energy sources more complex than methane. The type strain of M. organophilum is XX (= ATCC 27886). This bacterium differs from all previously described genera and species of methane-oxidizing bacteria in its ability to utilize a variety of organic substrates with carbon-carbon bonds as sources of carbon and energy. The pathways for methane oxidation and the assimilation of one-carbon units are repressed during growth on complex organic substrates.
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Reinstatement of Species Rank for Bacteroides fragilis, B. ovatus, B. distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. vulgatus: Designation of Neotype Strains for Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber) Castellani and Chalmers and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso) Castellani and Chalmers
More LessThe organisms currently recognized as subspecies of Bacteroides fragilis have been shown to be genetically distinct. Species rank is therefore restored to these organisms, and type or neotype strains have been selected for the five species described. ATCC 25285 (= NCTC 9343) is designated the neotype strain of Bacteroides fragilis (Veillon and Zuber) Castellani and Chalmers; ATCC 29184 (= strain Werner E50 = NCTC 10582) is designated the neotype strain of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Distaso) Castellani and Chalmers; ATCC 8503 is designated the type strain of Bacteroides distasonis Eggerth and Gagnon; ATCC 8483 is designated the type strain of Bacteroides ovatus Eggerth and Gagnon; and ATCC 8482 is designated the type strain of Bacteroides vulgatus Eggerth and Gagnon. Characteristics of these strains are presented.
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Emendation of Bacteroidaceae and Butyrivibrio and Descriptions of Desulfomonas gen. nov. and Ten New Species in the Genera Desulfomonas, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Clostridium, and Ruminococcus
More LessThe family Bacteroidaceae is emended to include bacteria that are monotrichous or lophotrichous. The genus Butyrivibrio is emended to include lophotrichous bacteria. Desulfomonas, a new genus of nonmotile, nonsporeforming, gram-negative, anaerobic, sulfate-reducing rods, and 10 new species of anaerobes, Desulfomonas pigra, Butyrivibrio crossotus, Ruminococcus gnavus, R. lactaris, R. obeum, Eubacterium dolichum, E. hadrum, E. ramulus, E. siraeum, and Clostridium leptum, are described. These species have been isolated from human intestinal contents or from human feces. The type strains of these species are ATCC 29098, 29175, 29149, 29176, 29174, 29143, 29173, 29099, 29066, and 29065, respectively.
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Isolation and Characterization of Aquaspirillum fasciculus sp. nov., a Rod-shaped, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Having Unusual Flagella
In 1971, Strength and Krieg reported the isolation of a gram-negative freshwater rod which exhibited bipolar flagellar fascicles clearly visible by dark-field microscopy. The flagellar fascicles exhibited helical wave propagation, basal bending, and an ability to coil up like springs. Despite the flagellar activity, the cells were apparently unable to swim freely. Such organisms appeared to be similar morphologically to an organism previously described by Houwink in 1953 and Jarosch in 1969. The present report describes a reliable isolation method for such organisms based on the use of L-proline and semisolid agar. Upon isolation, the organisms grew in flocs, from which a highly viscous matrix could be separated by high-speed centrifugation. After many transfers, the growth gradually became homogeneous and turbid, and the viscous substance could no longer be demonstrated. Under certain conditions of growth, steady straight-line motility could be observed and photographed within viscous flocs. Straight-line, free-swimming motility occurred in viscous suspensions of cells prepared by homogenization of flocs. In 8- to 12-h-old cultures in the nonviscous homogeneous condition, some cells could swim slowly in irregular, circular paths; other could move about on surfaces. When the viscosity of the medium was increased, nearly every cell could swim freely and steadily in straight paths. A viscosity of 200 centipoise was optimal for strain XI, whereas 10 centipoise was optimal for strains X and XII. These results suggest that the organisms may be highly adapted to life within viscous flocs. The organism exhibited nitrogenase activity when tested by methods developed by Döbereiner and her colleagues for “Spirillum” lipoferum; Aquaspirillum peregrinum also was found to possess nitrogenase activity. Investigation of the physiology and deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of strains X, XI, and XII has indicated that even though the organisms are straight rods, they are probably members of the genus Aquaspirillum. Important taxonomic considerations include: Coccoid body or “microcyst” formation, possession of a “polar membrane” similar to that occurring in certain spirilla, bipolar tufts of flagella, a strictly respiratory metabolism, inability to attack carbohydrates, positive catalase and oxidase reactions, and a deoxyribonucleic acid base composition of 62 to 65 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The organisms were assigned to a new species, Aquaspirillum fasciculus, and the type strain was deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under the number 27740.
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Isolation and Partial Characterization of Some New Bacteriophages Active Against Asticcacaulis Strains
More LessThe isolation and properties of 42 phages active against Asticcacaulis strains AC2, C19, AC12, AC48, S-1, S-3, and KA4A are described. The phages are divided into 12 groups according to host range and serology. Phages in groups I through IX are lytic for strain AC48 but not for AC2 or C19; those in groups I through VIII are also lytic for strains S-1 and S-3. Phages in groups X through XII are lytic only for strains AC2 and C19. Six Caulobacter strains are sensitive to one or more of these phages. The phages have no activity on strains of the 54 bacterial species, other than caulobacters, tested. Taxonomic implications are discussed. Mitomycin C treatment of the Asticcacaulis strains failed to induce any temperate phages but did induce three lytic activities.
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NOTES: Abbreviations of Names of Genera Suggested for Coding Microbiological Data
More LessA list of abbreviations of generic names appearing in the eighth edition of Bergey's Manual is presented. The list includes names of accepted genera and other genera cited as synonymous or of uncertain status. Since names of the latter still appear in the literature or are used in subspecialties of microbiology, abbreviations for these genera are also given. The abbreviations have been found useful when coding data for computer storage and analysis. Because of the saving in space, a larger number of strain characteristics can be stored in a computerized data bank. In addition, the abbreviations are often mnemonic, a helpful characteristic.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology of Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium Strains
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid base sequence homology studies have been conducted on 14 strains of the Prosthecomicrobium-Ancalomicrobium group as well as selected strains of other prosthecate bacteria in the genera Hyphomicrobium and Caulobacter. By this procedure Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium are not closely related to either the Hyphomicrobium or Caulobacter strains tested. The type strains of P. enhydrum, P. pneumaticum, and A. adetum are discrete from one another, therefore justifying the current taxonomic treatment of the group. In addition to these species, there are at least two additional groups of strains fitting the description of Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium but differing from the type strains. One group is comprised of short-appendaged motile and nonmotile strains which morphologically resemble P. enhydrum but show insignificant polynucleotide reassociation with it. The other group, represented by at least four strains, has both short and long appendages and in other respects shares properties with both P. enhydrum and A. adetum.
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- Original Papers Relating To The Systematics Of Yeasts
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Phaffia, a New Yeast Genus in the Deuteromycotina (Blastomycetes)
More LessA description is given of a new yeast genus, Phaffia, represented by P. rhodozyma sp. nov., to accomodate nine yeast strains isolated in Japan and one in Alaska, all from exudates of deciduous trees. The type strain of P. rhodozyma is UCD (FS&T) 67-210 (= ATCC 24202 = CBS 5905). Phaffia, named in recognition of the contributions of Herman Jan Phaff to yeast taxonomy and ecology, is a carotenoid-producing, fermentative yeast of the Deuteromycotina (Blastomycetes), whose properties indicate a basidiomycetous origin. A comparison is made between Phaffia and other yeast genera to which it might be related.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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Opinion 52: Conservation of the Generic Name Pediococcus Claussen with the Type Species Pediococcus damnosus Claussen
The generic name Pediococcus Claussen has been conserved with type species P. damnosus Claussen by the Judicial Commission of the International Com-committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
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Proposal to Conserve the Specific Epithet tarda over the Specific Epithet anguillimortiferum in the Name of the Organism Presently Known as Edwardsiella tarda: Request for an Opinion
More LessWe propose that the specific epithet tarda be conserved over the specific epithet anguillimortiferum in the scientific name Edwardsiella tarda Ewing et al. 1965. Although the name Paracolobactrum anguillimortiferum was applied to what may be the same organism and was validly published by Hoshina in 1962, the name remained obscure until it was rediscovered by Sakazaki and Tamura in 1975. Meanwhile, the name Edwardsiella tarda has gained worldwide acceptance. For stability in nomenclature and to avoid confusion in the literature, the specific epithet tarda should be retained.
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- Errata
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)