- Volume 24, Issue 2, 1974
Volume 24, Issue 2, 1974
- Book Reviews
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- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Mycoplasma lipophilum sp. nov.
More LessTwo Mycoplasma strains isolated from the human oral cavity exhibit cultural and serological properties distinguishing them from the known human Mycoplasma species. Further, a variety of cultural and serological procedures fail to identify the strains with any of a wide range of Mycoplasmatales tested. The strains are described as a new species under the name Mycoplasma lipophilum previously referred to as (M. lipophilia) of the family Mycoplasmataceae. The type strain is MaBy (=ATCC 27104).
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Morphological, Biochemical, and Serological Characterization of Rothia dentocariosa
More LessFifty strains of Rothia dentocariosa Georg and Brown were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and serologically. All strains had characteristics agreeing with previous morphological descriptions of this organism, although there was greater biochemical and serological strain variation than previously reported. Four biotypes were established on the basis of variability in reduction of nitrite, production of urease, hydrolysis of esculin, and formation of acid from lactose, mannitol, mannose, raffinose, rhamnose, salicin, and trehalose. Three serotypes and a group of fluorescent antibody-negative strains were identified on the basis of the fluorescent antibody technique. A relationship between the four biotypes and the three serotypes was established.
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Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas
The biological properties and special characteristics of the human T mycoplasmas have been reviewed and summarized. The T mycoplasmas are distinguished from all other known mycoplasmas by their production of urease, and, therefore, by their ability to hydrolyze urea. This singular property significantly sets the T mycoplasmas apart from all other members of the order Mycoplasmatales. In consideration of this distinguishing property, it is reasonable to propose establishing a new, separate genus in the family Mycoplasmataceae in which to classify the T mycoplasmas isolated from man and lower animals. The name Ureaplasma is proposed for this new genus, which at present contains a single human species of at least eight different serotypes. The name Ureaplasma urealyticum is proposed for this new species. The type strain of U. urealyticum is human strain 960-(CX8), serotype VIII (Black); it has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 27618.
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Evaluation of the Taxonomic Relationship of Micrococcus cryophilus, Branhamella catarrhalis, and Neisseriae by Comparative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Soluble Proteins 1
More LessElectrophoretic profiles of soluble proteins derived from seven strains of Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria perflava, Neisseria sicca, and the psychrophile, Micrococcus cryophilus, were compared. The profiles produced from the strains of Branhamella catarrhalis showed a marked similarity except for that of strain Ne4 (ATCC 23246) which was distinguishable from those of the other six strains. Species-specific profiles demonstrating no characteristic species-related banding patterns were obtained from the soluble proteins of N. perflava and N. sicca. The profile from M. cryophilus was likewise specific and species distinct from those of the other bacteria tested. Identification of natural taxonomic interrelationships between these bacteria as determined by the electrophoretic separation of proteins are discussed.
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Taxonomic Reexamination of Listeria Pirie and Transfer of Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi to a New Genus, Murraya
More LessThe intergeneric relationships of Listeria monocytogenes have been examined by both classic taxonomic criteria and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polynucleotide sequence homology. Analysis of characters according to Adansonian principles indicated that Listeria monocytogenes 19303 was phenotypically most closely related to streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Diplococcus pneumoniae. DNA:DNA hybridization studies, however, failed to reveal significant relatedness between the listeriae and Corynebacteriaceae, Micro-coccaceae, or Lactobacillaceae. It is recommended, on the basis of the results reported here and the results of a previous hybridization study, that Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi be transferred to a new genus, Murraya, as M. grayi, and M. grayi subsp. murrayi, respectively. A new family, Listeriaceae, is proposed for the genera Listeria and Murraya.
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Polynucleotide Sequence Relatedness in Edwardsiella tarda
More LessRelatedness among strains of Edwardsiella tarda was determined by using interspecific deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation followed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite. Relatedness was also assessed among E. tarda and representatives from all other established genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Twenty strains of E. tarda from five countries and 11 states, isolated from diseased human, normal human, and invertebrate sources, all formed one highly related hybridization group. E. tarda exhibited 20 to 29% relatedness to other enterobacteria. These data are consistent with the previous designation of a separate tribe, Edwardsielleae, for a single genus (Edwardsiella) and species (E. tarda).
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Serological Studies on Francisella tularensis, Francisella novicida, Yersinia philomiragia, and Brucella abortus
More LessA study was made to reveal serological relationships among Brucella abortus, Francisella tularensis, Francisella novicida, and Yersinia philomiragia in bacterial agglutination and double agar-gel diffusion tests. All antisera used for the experiments were prepared in rabbits. In agglutination tests, cross-reaction occurred only between F. tularensis and B. abortus. Acetone-precipitated material showed common antigens for three speciesF. tularensis, F. novicida, and Y. philomiragia in agar-gel diffusion tests whereas polysaccharide preparations were shown to be species-specific for each of the four organisms. B. abortus acetone material reacted only with F. tularensis antiserum in agar-gel diffusion. F. tularensis antiserum, after absorption by intact B. abortus organisms, failed to react with B. abortus both in agar-gel diffusion and agglutination tests. The results show that B. abortus has surface antigens in common only with F. tularensis and that F. tularensis, F. novicida, and Y. philomiragia are antigenically related.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Relatedness Among Erwiniae and Other Enterobacteriaceae: the Gall, Wilt, and Dry-Necrosis Organisms (Genus Erwinia Winslow et al., sensu stricto)
More LessSpecies representing the genus Erwinia (sensu stricto, the gall-, wilt-, and dry-necrosis-producing phytopathogens) were examined for relatedness to each other, to pectobacteria, and to other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The technique employed to show relatedness was deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The results indicate that all erwiniae are significantly related to Pectobacterium and to other enterobacteria. DNA relatedness reveals six species of Erwinia: E. amylovora, E. nigrifluens, E. quercina, E. rubrifaciens, E. salicis, and E. tracheiphila. E. nigrifluens, E. rubrifaciens, and E. salicis show close intrageneric relatedness, whereas the other species exhibit as much relatedness to members of other genera as to the other Erwinia species. The data support the two-genus concept of Erwinia and Pectobacterium.
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid Hybridization Among Selected Leptospiral Serotypes
More LessThe deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) from phenotypically unusual Leptospira strains were comparedto each other and to reference strains of existing genetic groups.In the “pathogenic” genetic complex,three groups emerged as genetically distinct. Representative examples of these groups were bataviae strain Van Tienen, javanica strain Veldrat Bataviae, and ranarum strain Iowa City Frog.The serologically different muenchen strain Muenchen 90C, icterohaemorrhagiae strain RGA, and kabura strain Kabura were found to be closely related to bataviae strain Van Tienen. The “saprophytic” genetic complex also contained three inter-related groups. The representative examples were patoc strain Patoc I, codice strain CDC, and Turtle strain A-183. Strain 3055 of serotype illini appeared to have unique nucleotide sequences and was placed in a third genetic complex of its own. Partial relatedness between DNA could be emphasized by increasing the salt concentrations in the incubation media. This could not be attributed to the methods of annealing but appeared to be dependent upon the genetic relatednessbetween the heterologous DNA.
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Cytochrome Difference Spectra of Acetic Acid Bacteria
More LessThe cytochrome difference spectra of 15 strains of the genus Acetobacter were found to differ from those of 7 strains of the genus Gluconobacter. The Acetobacter strains contained cytochrome a1 which was lacking in the Gluconobacter strains.Within the genus Acetobacter, the Peroxydans group of Frateur could be separated through its cytochrome d content from the Oxydans and Mesoxydans groups.
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Mechanism of Action of Eosin-Methylene Blue Agar in the Differentiation of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes
More LessThe mechanism involved in the action of eosin-methylene blue agar (EMB) in differentiating Escherichia coli from Enterobacter aerogenes was investigated using prototrophic strains of these organisms and a Lac - auxotroph, E. coli X-961. The final pH of the EMB agar resulting from growth of these organisms at the expense of lactose was shown to play a critical role in the differential action. An EMB complex, which formed under acidic conditions, appeared to be involved in the differential action of this medium. The molecular weight of the complex indicated an eosin to methylene blue ratio of 1 to 1. Ultraviolet and infrared spectral data indicated the occurrence of an amide bond between the dyes when complexing occurred. On this basis, a mechanism for complexing of eosin and methylene blue, under acidic conditions, was proposed.
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Fusobacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al.) Moore and Holdeman: Emended Description and Designation of Neotype Strain
More LessForty strains that conform closely to the original description of Bacteroides praussnitzii Hauduroy et al. have been studied, and previously undescribed characteristics of this organism are presented. Because of their metabolic activity, these organisms are members of the genus Fusobacterium as presently defined. Strain ATCC 27768 (= VPI C13-51) is designated as the neotype strain of Fusobacterium prausnitzii (Hauduroy et al.) Moore and Holdeman.
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Isolation, Characterization, and Classification of Three Bacteriophage Isolates for the Genus Levinea
More LessBacteriophages for the genus Levinea were isolated from sewage samples. On the basis of plaque morphology and host specificity, three different phage isolates were obtained and purified by standard techniques. Cross-neutralization experiments with homologous and heterologous phage antisera showed no serological relatedness among the three phages and, therefore, they were placed into three serological groups. Electron micrographs showed the isolates to have different and distinctive morphological types, one of which was unique in that it possessed an elongated "bullet-shaped" capsid. Nucleic acid types for the three phages were determined by the acridine orange-fluorescent staining technique to be double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. Based on serological grouping, the three phages were classified and designated DM-11, DM-21, and DM-31. The value of the phage isolates in defining the species of the genus Levinea is discussed.
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"Free" Diaminopimelic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology of Lactobacillus helveticus
More LessThirty-eight strains of Lactobacillus helveticus, including 26 strains of L. helveticus biotype jugurti, were isolated from natural starters for Grana cheese. Seventeen strains had diaminopimelic acid (DAP) as a cytoplasmic (but not cell wall) component; 21 strains did not contain DAP. DAP-positive and galactose-negative strains may constitute new biotypes of L. helveticus. Despite these variations, all of the strains studied displayed high deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-DNA homologies to the reference DNA, and the presence or absence of DAP is not considered to be of great taxonomic importance in L. helveticus.
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Identification of Agrobacterium gypsophilae Strains NCPPB 179 and NCPPB 1948 as Erwinia herbicola
More LessOn the basis of 56 characters, the organisms known as Agrobacterium gypsophilae NCPPB 179 and NCPPB 1948 are identified as strains of Erwinia herbicola. These strains did not cause gall formation when inoculated into four species of Gypsophila or into Lychnis chalcedonica.
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Pseudomonas melanogena Iizuka and Komagata 1963, a Later Subjective Synonym of Pseudomonas maltophilia Hugh and Ryschenkow 1960
More LessStrain IAM 1554 (ATCC 17806) is herein designated as the type strain of Pseudomonas melanogena Iizuka and Komagata 1963 and compared with ATCC 13637, the type strain of Pseudomonas maltophilia Hugh and Ryschenkow 1960. The three additional strains used in the original description of P. melanogena and five strains of P. maltophilia originally identified as Pseudomonas alcaligenes are also studied. The morphological and physiological attributes and deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of the 10 strains are sufficiently similar so as to place these strains in a single species, the correct name of which is P. maltophilia. The name P. melanogena is reduced to being a junior synonym of P. maltophilia.
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Guanine Plus Cytosine Content of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of the Leuconostocs and Some Heterofermentative Lactobacilli
More LessThe mole percent guanine plus cytosine in the deoxyribonucleic acid of 12 strains (6 species) of Leuconostoc and 9 strains (4 species) of slime-forming heterofermentative lactobacilli has been determined. Calculated from melting-temperature curves, the values were in the range 40 to 47%, but calculated from buoyant-density determinations they were 2 to 4% lower. The melting temperature of the reference deoxyribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli K-12 was 0.7 to 1 degree higher than the expected figure of 90.6 C. This point is discussed.
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Proposal of Mycoplasma buccale nom. nov. and Mycoplasma faucium nom. nov. for Mycoplasma orale "Types" 2 and 3, Respectively
More LessFollowing recommendations made by the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mycoplasmatales of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, it is proposed that Mycoplasma orale 2 and Mycoplasma orale 3 be recognized as two separate species, Mycoplasma buccale nom. nov. (type strain: CH20247; ATCC 23636) and Mycoplasma faucium nom. nov. (type strain: DC-333; ATCC 25293), respectively. The general properties and distinctive characteristics of the newly named species are summarized.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)