- Volume 23, Issue 1, 1973
Volume 23, Issue 1, 1973
- Book Reviews
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- Original Papers Relating To Systematic Bacteriology
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Polynucleotide Sequence Relatedness Among Shigella Species
More LessPolynucleotide sequence relatedness in strains of Shigella species was assessed by determining the extent of reassociation in heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid preparations. Thermal elution chromatography on hydroxyapatite was used to separate reassociated nucleotide sequences from nonreassociated sequences and to determine the degree of unpaired bases within related nucleotide sequences. Almost all Shigella strains share 80% or more of their nucleotide sequences. Less than 3% of unpaired bases are present in these related sequences. The same extent of relatedness is present between Shigella and Escherichia coli strains. Strains of S. boydii C13 are highly interrelated. These strains average only about 65% relatedness to other Escherichieae. We were unable to detect preferentially high relatedness between those Shigella and E. coli strains that contain identical or related O antigens.
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Intrageneric Relatedness of Listeria Pirie
More LessDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base composition, differential biochemical properties, and DNA:DNA hybridization patterns of listeriae were studied. DNA from Listeria monocytogenes, L. grayi, and L. murrayi contained 38 to 40 mole percent guanine plus cytosine (% GC); however, DNA from L. denitrificans contained 56% GC. Hybridization studies indicated that L. murrayi and L. grayi were closely related and formed a homogeneous genetic group distinct from L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes strains could be separated into two groups on the basis of percent reassociation values with L. monocytogenes 19303, the reference strain. One group of six strains showed 80 to 100% relative reassociation with strain 19303; four strains showed only 40 to 70% relative reassociation. There was no correlation between virulence, origin, or serotype and the degree of molecular relatedness to the reference strain. L. denitrificans was distinct from the other three species of Listeria in biochemical properties and DNA composition, and the relative reassociation values for DNA from L. denitrificans with DNA from other listeriae were very low. It is suggested that consideration be given to the reclassification of L. denitrificans.
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Pseudomonas pickettii, a New Species of Clinical Origin Related to Pseudomonas solanacearum
More LessTwenty strains of Pseudomonas isolated from clinical specimens were found to constitute a homogeneous group which we recognize as a species and name Pseudomonas pickettii. On the basis of deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization data, this species appears to be most closely related to the phytopathogenic species P. solanacearum. The type strain of P. pickettii is K-288 (ATCC 275 1 1).
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Designation of Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832 as Type Species of the Genus Spirillum Ehrenberg 1832 and Designation of the Neotype Strain of S. volutans: Request for an Opinion
More LessIn 1832 Ehrenberg transferred Vibrio spirillum Müller and V. undula Muller to a new genus, Spirillum. Müller’s two species were renamed Spirillum volutans (Muller) Ehrenberg and S. undula (Müller) Ehrenberg, respectively. A comparison of Müller’s description of V. spirillum with Ehrenberg’s description of S. volutans, however, strongly indicates that the organisms described were not the same; therefore the name S. volutans should be related to the organism described by Ehrenberg. It is therefore requested that the Judicial Commission delete Müller’s name from the author citation for S. volutans (i.e., S. volutans Ehrenberg, not S. volutans [Müller] Ehrenberg). Although Ehrenberg included S. undula and S. volutans in his new genus, he did not designate a type species. Stiles (1905) was apparently the first to designate the type species (S. volutans), but the later designation of S. undula as the type by Vuillemin (1913) is the designation that has been generally recognized. The acceptance of S. undula as the type species is not only contrary to the rules of nomenclature [Rule 9c(3)] but also unfortunate because the name is a source of confusion and error. It is therefore requested that the Judicial Commission issue an opinion establishing S. volutans Ehrenberg as the type species of Spirillum Ehrenberg and placing S. undula on the list of rejected names. Wells’ strain (ATCC 19554) is designated as the neotype strain of S. volutans.
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Thermomicrobium, a New Genus of Extremely Thermophilic Bacteria
More LessA new, extremely thermophilic bacterium from an alkaline hot spring in Yellowstone National Park is described. The organism is gram negative and occurs as pleomorphic rods, often appearing in pairs. It is an obligate aerobe and grows optimally at 70 to 75 C at a pH of 8.2 to 8.5 with a generation time of 5.5 h. When grown in culture, the organism has a very pronounced pink color due to cellular carotenoid pigments. The deoxyribonucleic acid base ratio as determined by cesium chloride density gradient ultracentrifugation was found to be 64.3 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Nutritional studies with the new organism demonstrated a more restricted growth in comparison to organisms belonging to the genus Thermus. In studies involving defined carbon sources, it was shown that the new organism grew well only on sucrose or glycerol when glutamate served as an additional nutritional source. The organism is regarded as belonging to a new genus, for which the name Thermomicrobium is proposed. This genus is placed in the family A chromobacteraceae. The type species of the new genus is Thermomicrobium roseum sp. nov., of which ATCC 27502 is the type strain.
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Actinoplanes italicus, a New Red-Pigmented Species
More LessA new species of Actinoplanes is described for which the name A. italicus is proposed. The organism is characterized by the cherry-red color of its vegetative mycelium and by the production of soluble pigments. It differs significantly, therefore, from the species of Actinoplanes so far named and described, which generally produce a yellow or orange vegetative mycelium and which ordinarily do not produce soluble pigments. The type strain of A. italicus is A 5221 (=ATCC 27366).
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Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Soluble Proteins from Several Genera of the Family Actinoplanaceae
More LessSoluble proteins were obtained from cells of various species of the family A ctinoplanaceae and subjected to electrophoretic examination in polyacrylamide gels. The protein profiles so obtained showed a strong species specificity; they might be useful in species characterization. Little or no characteristic intrageneric pattern could be established for Actinoplanes, Streptosporangium, Microellobosporia, Ampullariella, or Spirillospora. The electrophoretic patterns are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family.
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Mycoplasma cynos, a New Canine Mycoplasma Species
More LessEleven glucose-fermenting Mycoplasma strains were isolated from the respiratory and genital tracts of dogs. Biological and serological studies demonstrated that the group was different from the established canine Mycoplasma species and glucose-fermenting species of noncanine origin. It is concluded that this group of mycoplasmas should be classified as a new species, and the name Mycoplasma cynos is proposed. The type strain of M. cynos is H 831 (ATCC 27544; NCTC 10142).
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Type Strains of Species of the Order Mycoplasmatales, Including Designation of Neotypes for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. agalactiae, and Mycoplasma arthritidis
More LessOnly in a minority of the original descriptions of named species of the order Mycoplasmatales has a type strain been unequivocally designated, although in some instances only a single strain was described, that strain thus becoming the type strain by monotypy. These species and their type strains are listed in the American Type Culture Collection Catalogue of Strains. Strain PG1 (NCTC 10114) is here designated as the neotype of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, strain PG2 (NCTC 10123) as the neotype of M. agalactiae subsp. agalactiae, and strain PG6 (ATCC 19611) as the neotype of M. arthritidis. Type strains are designated for the named species of the order Mycoplasmatales which lack type strains, in most instances the wishes of the original author being followed. Authors are urged, when describing new species in the future, to designate the type strain, avoiding ambiguous wording, and to deposit that strain in at least one of the permanently established collections, its catalogue number in that collection being stated in the paper.
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- Matters Relating To The International Committee On Systematic Bacteriology
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- Notes
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Etymology of the Term Mycoplasma
More LessThe term mycoplasma apparently was first used by A. B. Frank in 1889 and then by Jakob Eriksson in 1897 to denote an intimate relationship between plant-invading fungi or other microorganisms and their host cells. Julien Nowak, in 1929, used the term taxonomically for the bovine pleuropneumonia organism. E. A. Freundt and D. G. Edward have since used the term mycoplasma in the classification of “pleuropneumonia-like” organisms. The original usage of the term to denote a cytological concept does not, however, affect the legitimacy of the subsequent taxonomic usage.
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Phosphatase Activity in T-Mycoplasmas
More LessPhosphatase activity was demonstrated in 44 T-mycoplasmas tested. The phosphatase test was carried out both on a solid and in a liquid medium, the latter being more sensitive. The presence of both acid and alkaline phosphatases was indicated. The test was found to be unsuitable for the differentiation of T-mycoplasmas, since all strains were positive.
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Designation and Description of the Type Strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. alactosus Rogosa et al.
More LessIn 1953 Rogosa et al. described and named a new subspecies, Lactobacillus casei subsp. alactosus. However, they did not designate the type strain for this subspecies. Therefore strain OC 17 of Rogosa et al. (=ATCC 27216), one of the strains on which the original description was based, is here described and designated as the type strain of L. casei subsp. alactosus.
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New Names and Combinations in the Genera Bacteroides Castellani and Chalmers, Fusobacterium Knorr, Eubacterium Prévot, Propionibacterium Delwich, and Lactobacillus Orla-Jensen
More LessDue to recent studies and to recommendations made by various taxonomic subcommittees, the descriptions of several genera of anaerobic, nonsporing bacilli were emended and a number of species with these characteristics were reclassified. Because the resultant new names and combinations and the author citations for them were not clearly indicated when the new names and combinations were originally introduced, they are listed here for the sake of clarity. In addition, five new combinations (Fusobacterium aquatile, F. stabile, F. perfoetens, Eubacterium endocarditidis, and E. helminthoides) and a new name (Eubacterium helwigiae) are proposed herein.
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Volumes and issues
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Volume 74 (2024)
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Volume 73 (2023)
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Volume 72 (2022 - 2023)
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Volume 71 (2020 - 2021)
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Volume 70 (2020)
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Volume 69 (2019)
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Volume 68 (2018)
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Volume 67 (2017)
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Volume 66 (2016)
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Volume 65 (2015)
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Volume 64 (2014)
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Volume 63 (2013)
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Volume 62 (2012)
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Volume 61 (2011)
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Volume 60 (2010)
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Volume 59 (2009)
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Volume 58 (2008)
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Volume 57 (2007)
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Volume 56 (2006)
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Volume 55 (2005)
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Volume 54 (2004)
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Volume 53 (2003)
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Volume 52 (2002)
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Volume 51 (2001)
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Volume 50 (2000)
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Volume 49 (1999)
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Volume 48 (1998)
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Volume 47 (1997)
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Volume 46 (1996)
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Volume 45 (1995)
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Volume 44 (1994)
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Volume 43 (1993)
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Volume 42 (1992)
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Volume 41 (1991)
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Volume 40 (1990)
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Volume 39 (1989)
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Volume 38 (1988)
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Volume 37 (1987)
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Volume 36 (1986)
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Volume 35 (1985)
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Volume 34 (1984)
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Volume 33 (1983)
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Volume 32 (1982)
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Volume 31 (1981)
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Volume 30 (1980)
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Volume 29 (1979)
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Volume 28 (1978)
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Volume 27 (1977)
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Volume 26 (1976)
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Volume 25 (1975)
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Volume 24 (1974)
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Volume 23 (1973)
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Volume 22 (1972)
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Volume 21 (1971)
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Volume 20 (1970)
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Volume 19 (1969)
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Volume 18 (1968)
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Volume 17 (1967)
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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 15 (1965)
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Volume 14 (1964)
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Volume 13 (1963)
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Volume 12 (1962)
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Volume 11 (1961)
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Volume 10 (1960)
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Volume 9 (1959)
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Volume 8 (1958)
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Volume 7 (1957)
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Volume 6 (1956)
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Volume 5 (1955)
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Volume 4 (1954)
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Volume 3 (1953)
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Volume 2 (1952)
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Volume 1 (1951)