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Strain HUAS MG31T was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera collected from Taoyuan County, China. This strain produced white substrate mycelium and hair brown aerial mycelium without diffusible pigment on the Gause’s synthetic No. 1 medium. Aerial mycelia differentiated into rectiflexible spore chains consisting of spherical or cylindrical spores with smooth surfaces. Cell wall peptidoglycan of strain HUAS MG31T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and whole-cell sugars were galactose and mannose. The menaquinones of strain HUAS MG31T were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8) and MK-9(H4). The major cellular fatty acids consisted of Summed Feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl C16 : 0), iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0, Summed Feature 3 (iso H-C16 : 1 /C16 : 1 ω6c) and cyclo C17 : 0. Sequence analysis based on the full-length 16S rRNA gene of strain HUAS MG31T showed that it shared highest sequence similarities to Kitasatospora paranensis HKI 0190T (99.5%) and Kitasatospora terrestris HKI 0186T (99.4%). The phylogenomic tree shows that strain HUAS MG31T forms an independent subclade, indicating that it might belong to a potential novel species. The results from phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HUAS MG31T was most closely related to K. paranensis HKI 0190T. However, the average nucleotide identity and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization between strain HUAS MG31T and K. paranensis JCM 13005T were 87.0 %/81.2% and 25.8 %, respectively, below the 95%–96% and 70 % threshold that defined a new species. Meanwhile, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and MALDI-TOF MS results further confirmed that strain HUAS MG31T was significantly different from K. paranensis JCM 13005T. Therefore, these results reveal that strain HUAS MG31T represents a novel species of the genus Kitasatospora, for which the name Kitasatospora camelliae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HUAS MG31T (=MCCC 1K09225T= JCM 37022T).