The genus Flavobacterium (family Flavobacteriaceae) can be found in diverse environments. In this study, seven novel strains were isolated from glaciers in PR China and subjected to taxonomic research. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the strains belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. None of the seven strains grew at temperatures above 22 °C, indicating that they are psychrophilic. Furthermore, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of the seven strains were calculated and indicated that they represented two novel species in Flavobacterium. Strain LB3P56T was most closely related to Flavobacterium soyangense IMCC26223T (97.70 %) and strain GSP16T was most closely related to Flavobacterium sinopsychrotolerans 0533T (98.03 %). The ANI values between the two Flavobacterium strains and their closest relatives were less than 83.47 %, which was much lower than the threshold for species delineation of 95–96 %. Therefore, we propose two novel species, Flavobacterium franklandianum sp. nov. (LB3P56T=CGMCC 1.11934T=NBRC 113651T) and Flavobacterium gawalongense sp. nov. (GSP16T=CGMCC 1.24642T=NBRC 113664T).
BergeyDH, HarrisonFC, BreedRS, HammerBW, HuntoonFM et al. Genus II. In Flavobacterium gen. nov. In: Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 1st ed. edn Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1923 pp 97–117
BernardetJF, NakagawaY, HolmesB. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of flavobacterium and cytophaga-like bacteria of the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes. Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2002; 52:1049–1070
DahalRH, ChaudharyDK, KimJ. Flavobacterium flaviflagrans sp. nov., a bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from forest soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2017; 67:2653–2659 [View Article] [PubMed]
AslamZ, ImW-T, KimMK, LeeS-T. Flavobacterium granuli sp. nov., isolated from granules used in a wastewater treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2005; 55:747–751
LaneDJ. 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. StackebrandtE, GoodfellowM. eds In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1991 pp 115–175
YoonS-H, HaS-M, KwonS, LimJ, KimY et al. Introducing Ezbiocloud: A taxonomically united database of 16s rrna gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2017; 67:1613–1617 [View Article]
BankevichA, NurkS, AntipovD, GurevichAA, DvorkinM et al. Spades: A new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol2012; 19:455–477 [View Article] [PubMed]
NaS-I, KimYO, YoonS-H, HaS-M, BaekI et al. UBCG: Up-to-date bacterial core gene set and pipeline for phylogenomic tree reconstruction. J Microbiol2018; 56:280–285 [View Article]
KimM, HSO, ParkSC, ChunJ. Towards a taxonomic coherence between average nucleotide identity and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity for species demarcation of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol2014; 64:346–351
RichterM, Rosselló-MóraR. Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2009; 106:19126–19131 [View Article] [PubMed]
SmibertRM, KriegNR. Phenotypic characterization. GerhardtP, MurrayR, WoodW, KriegN. eds In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1994 pp 607–654
CollinsMD. Isoprenoidquinone analysis in classification and identification. GoodfellowM, MinnikinD. eds In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics London: Academic Press; 1985 pp 267–287