Skip to content
1887

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY logo International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

Volume 70, Issue 11

sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus growing-termite Open Access

Abstract

The taxonomic position of a novel aerobic, Gram-positive actinobacteria, designated strain RB5, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain, isolated from the gut of the fungus-farming termite , showed morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of the genus . Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the closest phylogenetic neighbour of RB5 was DSM 42102 (98.87 %). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments between strain RB5 and DSM 42102 resulted in a value of 27.4 % (26.8 %). The cell wall of strain RB5 contained -diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic amino acid. Mycolic acids and diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates were not detected. The strain produced the following major phospholipids: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-mannoside and phosphatidylserine. The menaquinone profile showed hexa- and octahydrogenated menaquinones containing nine isoprene units [MK-9(H) and MK-9(H)]. The strain exhibited a fatty acid profile containing the following major fatty acids: 12-methyltridecanoic acid (iso-C) 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (anteiso-C), 13-methyltetradecanoic acid (iso-C) and 14-methylpentadecanoic acid (iso-C). Here, we propose a novel species of the genus with the type strain RB5 (=VKM Ac-2839=NRRL B65539).

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): Macrotermes natalensis , Streptomyces and termite gut
Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Villum Fonden (Award VKR10101)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Michael Poulsen
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Award CRC 1127 (A6) and BE-4799/3-1)
    • Principle Award Recipient: Christine Beemelmanns
© 2020 The Authors
  • This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478
2020-09-24
2025-03-25
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/70/11/5806.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Waksman SA, Henrici AT. The nomenclature and classification of the actinomycetes. J Bacteriol 1943; 46:337341 PMCID [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Lechevalier MP, Lechevalier H. Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1970; 20:435–443 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. van der Meij A, Worsley SF, Hutchings MI, van Wezel GP. Chemical ecology of antibiotic production by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:392–416 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Van Arnam EB, Currie CR, Clardy J. Defense contracts: molecular protection in insect-microbe symbioses. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1638–1651 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Ramadhar TR, Beemelmanns C, Currie CR, Clardy J. Bacterial symbionts in agricultural systems provide a strategic source for antibiotic discovery. J Antibiot 2014; 67:53–58 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Chevrette MG, Carlson CM, Ortega HE, Thomas C, Ananiev GE et al. The antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces from insect microbiomes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:516 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. J Nat Prod 2012; 75:311–335 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Katz L, Baltz RH. Natural product discovery: past, present, and future. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:155–176 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Otani S, Mikaelyan A, Nobre T, Hansen LH, Koné NA et al. Identifying the core microbial community in the gut of fungus-growing termites. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:4631–4644 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Otani S, Hansen LH, Sørensen SJ, Poulsen M. Bacterial communities in termite fungus combs are comprised of consistent gut deposits and contributions from the environment. Microb Ecol 2016; 71:207–220 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Benndorf R, Guo H, Sommerwerk E, Weigel C, Garcia-Altares M et al. Natural products from actinobacteria associated with fungus-growing termites. Antibiotics 2018; 7:83 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Rutherford K, Parkhill J, Crook J, Horsnell T, Rice P et al. Artemis: sequence visualization and annotation. Bioinformatics 2000; 16:944–945 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Pruitt KD, Tatusova T, Maglott DR. NCBI reference sequence (RefSeq): a curated non-redundant sequence database of genomes, transcripts and proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2005; 33:D501–D504 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Meier-Kolthoff JP, Göker M, Spröer C, Klenk HP. When should a DDH experiment be mandatory in microbial taxonomy?. Arch Microbiol 2013; 195:413–418 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. GGDC GGDC web server available from. http://ggdc.dsmz.de/
  16. Pruesse E, Peplies J, Glöckner FO. SINA: Accurate high-throughput multiple sequence alignment of ribosomal RNA genes. Bioinformatics 2012; 28:1823–1829 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:1870–1874 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 1987; 4:406–425 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Felsenstein J. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 1981; 17:368–376 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Tamura K. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions when there are strong transition-transversion and G+C-content biases. Mol Biol Evol 1992; 9:678–687 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Felsenstein J. Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 1985; 39:783–791 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Cashion P, Holder-Franklin MA, McCully J, Franklin M. A rapid method for the base ratio determination of bacterial DNA. Anal Biochem 1977; 81:461–466 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. De Ley J, Cattoir H, Reynaerts A. The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 1970; 12:133–142 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Huss VA, Festl H, Schleifer KH. Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst Appl Microbiol 1983; 4:184–192 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Wayne LG, Moore WEC, Stackebrandt E, Kandler O, Colwell RR et al. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 1987; 37:463–464 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Harrison J, Studholme DJ. Recently published Streptomyces genome sequences. Microb Biotechnol 2014; 7:373–380 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Kämpfer P. The family Streptomycetaceae, Part I: taxonomy. In Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E. (editors) The Prokaryotes: Volume 3: Archaea Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes New York, NY: Springer New York; 2006 pp 538–5604
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Groth I, Schumann P, Rajney FA, Martin K, Schuetze B et al. Bogoriella caseilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic actinomycete from a soda lake in Africa. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:788–794 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Shirling EB, Gottlieb D. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1966; 16:313–340 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Wink J, Kroppenstedt RM, Seibert G, Stackebrandt E. Actinomadura namibiensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:721–724 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Suter MA. Isolierung und Charakterisierung von Melanin-negativen Mutanten aus Streptomyces glaucescens. Diss Naturwiss ETH Zürich, Nr 1978; 6276:0000
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Xu P, Li WJ, Tang SK, Zhang YQ, Chen GZ et al. Naxibacter alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family 'Oxalobacteraceae' isolated from China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:1149–1153 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Kamlage B. Methods for general and molecular bacteriology. In Gerhardt P, Murray RGE, Wood WA, Krieg NR. (editors) 791 Pages, Numerous Figures and Tables Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 1994
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Gordon RE, Barnett DA, Handerhan JE, Pang CHN. Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica, and the Nocardin strain. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1974; 24:54–63 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Groth I, Schütze B, Boettcher T, Pullen CB, Rodriguez C et al. Kitasatospora putterlickiae sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil, transfer of Streptomyces kifunensis to the genus Kitasatospora as Kitasatospora kifunensis comb. nov., and emended description of Streptomyces aureofaciens Duggar 1948. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:2033-40 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Hasegawa T, Takizawa M, Tanida S. A rapid analysis for chemical grouping of aerobic actinomycetes. J Gen Appl Microbiol 1983; 29:319–322 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Schumann P. Peptidoglycan structure. Methods Microbiol 2011; 38:101–129
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Minnikin DE, Alshamaony L, Goodfellow M. Differentiation of Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and related taxa by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of whole-organism methanolysates. J Gen Microbiol 1975; 88:200–204 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Collins MD, Pirouz T, Goodfellow M, Minnikin DE. Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 1977; 100:221–230 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Wink J, Schumann P, Atasayar E, Klenk HP, Zaburannyi N et al. ‘Streptomyces caelicus’, an antibiotic-producing species of the genus Streptomyces, and Streptomyces canchipurensis Li et al. 2015 are later heterotypic synonyms of Streptomyces muensis Ningthoujam et al. 2014. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:548–556 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Minnikin DE, Collins MD, Goodfellow M. Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Microbiol 1979; 47:87–95
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Collins MD, Jones D. Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2, 4-diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Microbiol 1980; 48:459–470 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. DMSZ DMSZ service: analysis of cellular fatty acids: available from. https://www.dsmz.de/services/services-microorganisms/identification/analysis-of-cellular-fatty-acids.html
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478
Loading
Streptomyces smaragdinus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of the fungus growing-termite Macrotermes natalensis
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 70, 5806 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.004478
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error