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A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated XJ4T, was isolated from oil-contaminated water, collected from Xinjiang Province, north-west PR China (45° 1′ 27″ N, 85° 6′ 14″ E). Growth occurred at 20–45 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0). Strain XJ4T could tolerate up to 7 % (w/v) NaCl and grow optimally in the absence of NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain XJ4T belonged to the genus Frigidibacter , and that was closely related to Frigidibacter mobilis cai42T (97.2 %), Frigidibacter albus SP32T (97.0 %) and Rhodobacter aestuarii JA296T (97.0 %). The average nucleotide identity values between XJ4T and three type strains were 77.9, 77.6 and 71.9 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain XJ4T was 69.5 mol%. The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), C18 : 0 and 11-methyl C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipids. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, strain XJ4T represents a novel species of the genus Frigidibacter , for which the name Frigidibacter oleivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is XJ4T (=CGMCC 1.13778T=LMG 30952T).