1887

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY logo

Volume 69, Issue 7

Sphingomonas crocodyli sp. nov., isolated from a crocodile pond Free

Abstract

Strain CCP-7, isolated from a freshwater pond in Taiwan, was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and coding sequences of 92 protein clusters indicated that strain CCP-7 formed a phylogenetic lineage in the genus Sphingomonas . Strain CCP-7 was most closely related to Sphingomonas starnbergensis 382 and Sphingomonas naphthae DKC-5-1 with 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain CCP-7 showed 65.5–76.7 % average nucleotide identity and 20.2–22.5 % digital DNA–DNA hybridization identity with the strains of other related Sphingomonas species. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped and formed light orange-coloured colonies. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 6 and in the absence of NaCl. The major fatty acid of strain CCP-7 was C18 : 1ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, three uncharacterized sphingoglycolipids, two uncharacterized phospholipids and six uncharacterized lipids. The predominant polyamine was homospermidine. The only isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. Genomic DNA G+C content of strain CCP-7 was 64.5 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain CCP-7 should be classified in a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas , for which the name Sphingomonas crocodyli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCP-7 (=BCRC 81096=LMG 30311=KCTC 62190).

  • Received:
  • Accepted:
  • Published Online:
Keyword(s): new taxa , Proteobacteria , Sphingomonadaceae and Sphingomonas crocodyli
© 2019 IUMS
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455
2019-05-23
2024-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/69/7/2153.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Yabuuchi E, Yano I, Oyaizu H, Hashimoto Y, Ezaki T et al. Proposals of Sphingomonas paucimobilis gen. nov. and comb. nov., Sphingomonas parapaucimobilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas yanoikuyae sp. nov., Sphingomonas adhaesiva sp. nov., Sphingomonas capsulata comb. nov., and two genospecies of the genus Sphingomonas . Microbiol Immunol 1990; 34:99–119 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  2. Takeuchi M, Hamana K, Hiraishi A. Proposal of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto and three new genera, Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Sphingopyxis, on the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1405–1417 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  3. Yabuuchi E, Kosako Y, Fujiwara N, Naka T, Matsunaga I et al. Emendation of the genus Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990 and junior objective synonymy of the species of three genera, Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Sphingopyxis, in conjunction with Blastomonas ursincola . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2002; 52:1485–1496 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  4. Maruyama T, Park HD, Ozawa K, Tanaka Y, Sumino T et al. Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a microcystin-degrading bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:85–89 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen H, Jogler M, Rohde M, Klenk HP, Busse HJ et al. Reclassification and emended description of Caulobacter leidyi as Sphingomonas leidyi comb. nov., and emendation of the genus Sphingomonas . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2012; 62:2835–2843 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  6. Weisburg WG, Barns SM, Pelletier DA, Lane DJ. 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:697–703 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  7. Anzai Y, Kudo Y, Oyaizu H. The phylogeny of the genera Chryseomonas, Flavimonas and Pseudomonas supports synonymy of these three genera. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:249–251 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  8. Chen WM, Laevens S, Lee TM, Coenye T, de Vos P et al. Ralstonia taiwanensis sp. nov., isolated from root nodules of Mimosa species and sputum of a cystic fibrosis patient. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2001; 51:1729–1735 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  9. Yoon SH, Ha SM, Kwon S, Lim J, Kim Y et al. Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1613–1617 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  10. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, Mcgettigan PA et al. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 2007; 23:2947–2948 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  11. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 1999; 41:95–98
     [Google Scholar]
  12. Saitou N, Nei M. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 1987; 4:406–425 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  13. Felsenstein J. Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 1981; 17:368–376 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  14. Kluge AG, Farris JS. Quantitative phyletics and the evolution of anurans. Syst Zool 1969; 18:1–32 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  15. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:1870–1874 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  16. Kimura M. The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1983
     [Google Scholar]
  17. Tamura K, Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 1993; 10:512–526 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  18. Nei M, Kumar S. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics New York: Oxford University Press; 2000
     [Google Scholar]
  19. Ewels P, Magnusson M, Lundin S, Käller M. MultiQC: summarize analysis results for multiple tools and samples in a single report. Bioinformatics 2016; 32:3047–3048 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  20. Bankevich A, Nurk S, Antipov D, Gurevich AA, Dvorkin M et al. SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing. J Comput Biol 2012; 19:455–477 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  21. Seemann T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 2014; 30:2068–2069 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  22. Lee I, Ouk Kim Y, Park SC, Chun J. OrthoANI: an improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1100–1103 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  23. Richter M, Rosselló-Móra R. Shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106:19126–19131 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  24. Meier-Kolthoff JP, Auch AF, Klenk HP, Göker M. Genome sequence-based species delimitation with confidence intervals and improved distance functions. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:60 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  25. Goris J, Konstantinidis KT, Klappenbach JA, Coenye T, Vandamme P et al. DNA-DNA hybridization values and their relationship to whole-genome sequence similarities. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:81–91 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  26. Na SI, Kim YO, Yoon SH, Ha SM, Baek I et al. UBCG: Up-to-date bacterial core gene set and pipeline for phylogenomic tree reconstruction. J Microbiol 2018; 56:280–285 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  27. Beveridge TJ, Lawrence JR, Murray RGE. Sampling and staining for light microscopy. In Beveridge TJ, Breznak JA, Marzluf GA, Schmidt TM, Snyder LR et al. (editors) Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2007 pp. 19–33
     [Google Scholar]
  28. Schlegel HG, Lafferty R, Krauss I. The isolation of mutants not accumulating poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Arch Mikrobiol 1970; 71:283–294 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  29. Spiekermann P, Rehm BH, Kalscheuer R, Baumeister D, Steinbüchel A. A sensitive, viable-colony staining method using Nile red for direct screening of bacteria that accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoic acids and other lipid storage compounds. Arch Microbiol 1999; 171:73–80 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  30. Breznak JA, Costilow RN. Physicochemical factors in growth. In Beveridge TJ, Breznak JA, Marzluf GA, Schmidt TM, Snyder LR et al. (editors) Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2007 pp. 309–329
     [Google Scholar]
  31. Tindall BJ, Sikorski J, Smibert RA, Krieg NR. Phenotypic characterization and the principles of comparativesystematic. In Beveridge TJ, Breznak JA, Marzluf GA, Schmidt TM, Snyder LR et al. (editors) Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, 3rd ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2007 pp. 330–393
     [Google Scholar]
  32. Wen CM, Tseng CS, Cheng CY, Li YK, Yk L. Purification, characterization and cloning of a chitinase from Bacillus sp. NCTU2. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2002; 35:213–219 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  33. Bowman JP. Description of Cellulophaga algicola sp. nov., isolated from the surfaces of Antarctic algae, and reclassification of Cytophaga uliginosa (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichenbach 1989 as Cellulophaga uliginosa comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2000; 50 Pt 5:1861–1868 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  34. Chang SC, Wang JT, Vandamme P, Hwang JH, Chang PS et al. Chitinimonas taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel chitinolytic bacterium isolated from a freshwater pond for shrimp culture. Syst Appl Microbiol 2004; 27:43–49 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  35. Nokhal T-H, Schlegel HG. Taxonomic study of Paracoccus denitrificans . Int J Syst Bacteriol 1983; 33:26–37 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  36. Sasser M. Identification of Bacteria by Gas Chromatography of Cellular Fatty Acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI Inc; 1990
     [Google Scholar]
  37. Embley TM, Wait R. Structural lipids of eubacteria. In Goodfellow M, O’Donnell AG. (editors) Chemical Methods in Prokaryotic Systematics Chichester: Wiley; 1994 pp. 121–161
     [Google Scholar]
  38. Dittmer JC, Lester RL. A simple, specific spray for the detection of phospholipids on thin-layer chromatograms. J Lipid Res 1964; 5:126–127[PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  39. Busse J, Auling G. Polyamine pattern as a chemotaxonomic marker within the Proteobacteria . Syst Appl Microbiol 1988; 11:1–8 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  40. Busse H-J, Bunka S, Hensel A, Lubitz W. Discrimination of members of the family Pasteurellaceae based on polyamine patterns. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47:698–708 [View Article]
     [Google Scholar]
  41. Collins MD. Isoprenoid quinones. In Goodfellow M, O’Donnell AG. (editors) Chemical Methods in Prokaryotic Systematics Chichester: Wiley; 1994 pp. 265–309
     [Google Scholar]
  42. Chen H, Jogler M, Tindall BJ, Klenk HP, Rohde M et al. Sphingomonas starnbergensis sp. nov., isolated from a prealpine freshwater lake. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1017–1023 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
  43. Chaudhary DK, Kim J. Sphingomonas naphthae sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4621–4627 [View Article][PubMed]
     [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455
Loading
Sphingomonas crocodyli sp. nov., isolated from a crocodile pond
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69, 2153 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijsem.0.003455
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary File 1

PDF

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error