Two Gram-stain-positive strains, VE80T and VE116, which were resistant to vancomycin, were isolated from retail chicken meat and liver in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, respectively. These strains were characterized by sequence analyses of 16S rRNA, RNA polymerase α-subunit (rpoA), ATP synthase α-subunit (atpA), and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase α-subunit (pheS) genes, determination of DNA G+C content, cellular fatty acid methyl ester analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization, and conventional morphological and biochemical tests. Strains VE80T and VE116 had 99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Enterococcus canintestini LMG 13590T, and 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Enterococcus dispar ATCC 51266T. However, the two isolates could be clearly differentiated from these reference strains by the low sequence similarities (86.1–86.8 %) of the atpA gene, low DNA–DNA relatedness (<22.8 %), and differences in the production of acid from melezitose and methyl α-d-glucoside. Based on the results obtained in the present study, these two isolates are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Enterococcus, for which the name Enterococcus saigonensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is VE80T (=JCM 31193T=CCUG 68827T).
AltschulS. F.,
MaddenT. L.,
SchäfferA. A.,
ZhangJ.,
ZhangZ.,
MillerW.,
LipmanD. J.1997; Gapped blast and PSI-blast: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402 [View Article][PubMed]
BellJ. M.,
PatonJ. C.,
TurnidgeJ.1998; Emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Australia: phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of isolates. J Clin Microbiol 36:2187–2190[PubMed]
BorgenK.,
SimonsenG. S.,
SundsfjordA.,
WastesonY.,
ØlsvikO.,
KruseH.2000; Continuing high prevalence of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant enterococci on Norwegian poultry farms three years after avoparcin was banned. J Appl Microbiol 89:478–485 [View Article][PubMed]
CarvalhoM. G.,
SteigerwaltA. G.,
MoreyR. E.,
ShewmakerP. L.,
FalsenE.,
FacklamR. R.,
TeixeiraL. M.2008; Designation of the provisional new enterococcus species CDC PNS-E2 as Enterococcus sanguinicola sp. nov., isolated from human blood, and identification of a strain previously named Enterococcus CDC PNS-E1 as Enterococcus italicus Fortina, Ricci, Mora, and Manachini 2004. J Clin Microbiol 46:3473–3476 [View Article][PubMed]
ChanY. Y.,
Abd NasirM. H.,
YahayaM. A.,
SallehN. M.,
Md DanA. D.,
MusaA. M.,
RavichandranM.2008; Low prevalence of vancomycin- and bifunctional aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from poultry farms in Malaysia. Int J Food Microbiol 122:221–226 [View Article][PubMed]
ChunJ.,
LeeJ. H.,
JungY.,
KimM.,
KimS.,
KimB. K.,
LimY. W.2007; EzTaxon: a web-based tool for the identification of prokaryotes based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:2259–2261 [View Article][PubMed]
de GraefE. M.,
DevrieseL. A.,
VancanneytM.,
BaeleM.,
CollinsM. D.,
LefebvreK.,
SwingsJ.,
HaesebrouckF.2003; Description of Enterococcus canissp. nov. from dogs and reclassification of Enterococcus porcinus Teixeira et al. 2001 as a junior synonym of Enterococcus villorum Vancanneyt et al. 2001. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1069–1074 [View Article][PubMed]
de VauxA.,
LaguerreG.,
DivièsC.,
PrévostH.1998; Enterococcus asini sp. nov. isolated from the caecum of donkeys (Equus asinus)
. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:383–387 [View Article][PubMed]
EzakiT.,
HashimotoY.,
YabuuchiE.1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229[CrossRef]
GorisJ.,
SuzukiK.,
De VosP.,
NakaseT.,
KerstersK.1998; Evaluation of a microplate DNA–DNA hybridization method compared with the initial renaturation method. Can J Microbiol. 44:1148–1153[CrossRef]
HaradaT.,
KankiM.,
KawaiT.,
TaguchiM.,
AsaoT.,
KumedaY.2010; Isolation of VanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus strains from domestic poultry products with enrichment by incubation in buffered peptone water at 42 °C. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:5317–5320 [View Article][PubMed]
JungW. K.,
LimJ. Y.,
KwonN. H.,
KimJ. M.,
HongS. K.,
KooH. C.,
KimS. H.,
ParkY. H.2007; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci from animal sources in Korea. Int J Food Microbiol 113:102–107 [View Article][PubMed]
KeD.,
PicardF. J.,
MartineauF.,
MénardC.,
RoyP. H.,
OuelletteM.,
BergeronM. G.1999; Development of a PCR assay for rapid detection of enterococci. J Clin Microbiol 37:3497–3503[PubMed]
KimJ. Y.,
ShinN. R.,
NaH. K.,
HyunD. W.,
WhonT. W.,
KimP. S.,
YunJ. H.,
BaeJ. W.2013; Enterococcus diestrammenae sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Diestrammena coreana
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63:4540–4545 [View Article][PubMed]
KuykendallL. D.,
RoyM. A.,
O’neillJ. J.,
DevineT. E.1988; Fatty acids, antibiotic resistance, and deoxyribonucleic acid homology groups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum
. Int J Syst Bacteriol 38:358–361[CrossRef]
Law-BrownJ.,
MeyersP. R.2003; Enterococcus phoeniculicola sp. nov., a novel member of the enterococci isolated from the uropygial gland of the Red-billed Woodhoopoe, Phoeniculus purpureus
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:683–685 [View Article][PubMed]
NaserS. M.,
ThompsonF. L.,
HosteB.,
GeversD.,
DawyndtP.,
VancanneytM.,
SwingsJ.2005b; Application of multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) for rapid identification of Enterococcus species based on rpoA and pheS genes. Microbiology 151:2141–2150 [View Article]
NaserS. M.,
VancanneytM.,
GraefE. D.,
DevrieseL. A.,
SnauwaertC.,
LefebvreK.,
HosteB.,
ŠvecP.,
DecostereA. et al.2005c; Enterococcus canintestini sp. nov., from faecal samples of healthy dogs. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:2177–2182 [View Article][PubMed]
RahkilaR.,
JohanssonP.,
SädeE.,
BjörkrothJ.2011; Identification of enterococci from broiler products and a broiler processing plant and description of Enterococcus viikkiensis sp. nov. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:1196–1203 [View Article][PubMed]
SeongC. N.,
ShimE. S.,
KimS. M.,
YooJ. C.2004; Prevalence and characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in chicken intestines and humans of Korea. Arch Pharm Res 27:246–253[PubMed][CrossRef]
WayneL. G.,
BrennerD. J.,
ColwellR. R.,
GrimontP. A. D.,
KandlerO.,
KrichevskyM. I.,
MooreL. H.,
MooreW. E. C.,
MurrayR. G. E. et al.1987; Report of the adhoccommittee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 37:463–464[CrossRef]
WooP. C. Y.,
FungA. M. Y.,
LauS. K. P.,
WongS. S. Y.,
YuenK.-Y.2001; Group G beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 39:3147–3155 [View Article][PubMed]
WooP. C. Y.,
TamD. M. W.,
LauS. K. P.,
FungA. M. Y.,
YuenK.-Y.2004; Enterococcus cecorum empyema thoracis successfully treated with cefotaxime. J Clin Microbiol 42:919–922 [View Article][PubMed]