A novel thermotolerant actinomycete, designated strain 3-33-9BT, was isolated from mushroom compost in Nanning, Guangxi province, China. The strain grew at 25–60 °C, pH 7.0–11.0 and with 0–2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain 3-33-9BT formed extensively branched aerial mycelia and substrate mycelia. Spiral spore chains with one to three turns were composed of about 3–15 non-motile spores with a wrinkled surface. The organism contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Whole-cell hydrolysates contained madurose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of iso-C16 : 0 and C17 : 0. The quinone system was predominantly composed of MK-9(H4). The DNA G+C content of strain 3-33-9BT was 72.5 mol%. The organism showed a combination of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties typical of members of the genus Nonomuraea. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also showed that the organism belonged to the genus Nonomuraea; in the 16S rRNA gene tree of the genus Nonomuraea, strain 3-33-9BT formed a distinct phyletic line and was most closely related to Nonomuraea fastidiosa NBRC 14680T (97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, phenotypic characteristics of strain 3-33-9BT were significantly different from N. fastidiosa NBRC 14680T, and DNA–DNA hybridization showed little relatedness (31.6–35.2 %) between the two strains. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain 3-33-9BT represents a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea thermotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3-33-9BT ( = ATCC BAA-2629T = CGMCC 4.7161T).
AltschulS. F., MaddenT. L., SchäfferA. A., ZhangJ., ZhangZ., MillerW., LipmanD. J.1997; Gapped blastpsi-blast: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389–3402 [View Article][PubMed]
ChibaS., SuzukiM., AndoK.1999; Taxonomic re-evaluation of ‘Nocardiopsis’ sp. K-252T ( = NRRL 15532T): a proposal to transfer this strain to the genus Nonomuraea as Nonomuraea longicatena sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49:1623–1630 [View Article][PubMed]
CollinsM. D., HowarthO. W., GrundE., KroppenstedtR. M.1987; Isolation and structural determination of new members of the vitamin K2 series in Nocardia brasiliensis
. FEMS Microbiol Lett 41:35–39 [View Article]
GauseG. F., PreobrazhenskayaT. P., SveshnikovaM. A., TerekhovaL. P., MaximovaT. S.1983A Guide for the Determination of Actinomycetes. Genera Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, and Chaina Moscow: Nauka;
HayakawaM., NonomuraH.1987; Humic acid-vitamin agar, a new medium for the selective isolation of soil actinomycetes. J Ferment Technol 65:501–509 [View Article]
JonesK. L.1949; Fresh isolates of actinomycetes in which the presence of sporogenous aerial mycelia is a fluctuating characteristic. J Bacteriol 57:141–145[PubMed]
KellyK. L.1964Inter-Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards Color-Name Charts Illustrated with Centroid Colors Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office;
KimuraM.1980; A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120 [View Article][PubMed]
KroppenstedtR. M.1982; Separation of bacterial menaquinones by HPLC using reverse phase (RP18) and a silver loaded ion exchanger as stationary phases. J Liq Chromatogr 5:2359–2367 [View Article]
KroppenstedtR. M., StackebrandtE., GoodfellowM.1990; Taxonomic revision of the actinomycete genera Actinomadura and
Microtetraspora
. Syst Appl Microbiol 13:148–160 [View Article]
LechevalierM. P., LechevalierH. A.1980; The chemotaxonomy of actinomycetes. In Actinomycete Taxonomy (Special Publication no. 6) pp 227–291Edited byDietzA., ThayerJ. Arlington, VA: Society for Industrial Microbiology;
le RoesM., MeyersP. R.2008; Nonomuraea candida sp. nov., a new species from South African soil. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 93:133–139 [View Article][PubMed]
LiW. J., XuP., SchumannP., ZhangY.-Q., PukallR., XuL.-H., StackebrandtE., JiangC.-L.2007; Georgenia ruanii sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from forest soil in Yunnan (China), and emended description of the genus Georgenia
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1424–1428 [View Article][PubMed]
MesbahM., PremachandranU., WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167 [View Article]
MeyerJ.1989; Genus Actinomadura Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1970a, 400AL
. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriologyvol 4 pp 2511–2526Edited byWilliamsS. T., SharpeM. E., HoltJ. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
MinnikinD. E., O'DonnellA. G., GoodfellowM., AldersonG., AthalyeM., SchaalA., ParlettJ. H.1984; An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2:233–241 [View Article]
NakaewN., SungthongR., YokotaA., LumyongS.2012; Nonomuraea monospora sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from cave soil in Thailand, and emended description of the genus Nonomuraea
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62:3007–3012 [View Article][PubMed]
NonomuraH., OharaY.1971; Distribution of actinomycetes in soil. XI. Some new species of the genus Actinomadura Lechevalier et al.
. J Ferment Technol 49:904–912
RachniyomH., MatsumotoA., IndanandaC., DuangmalK., TakahashiY., ThamchaipenetA.2015; Nonomuraea syzygii sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the roots of a jambolan plum tree (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 65:1234–1240 [View Article][PubMed]
ThompsonJ. D., GibsonT. J., PlewniakF., JeanmouginF., HigginsD. G.1997; The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882 [View Article][PubMed]
UchidaK., KudoT., SuzukiK. I., NakaseT.1999; A new rapid method of glycolate test by diethyl ether extraction, which is applicable to a small amount of bacterial cells of less than one milligram. J Gen Appl Microbiol 45:49–56 [View Article][PubMed]
WayneL. G., BrennerD. J., ColwellR. R., GrimontP. A. D, KandlerO., KrichevskyM. I., MooreL. H., MooreW. E. C, MurrayR. G. E, other authors. 1987; International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464 [View Article]
WilliamsS. T., GoodfellowM., AldersonG., WellingtonE. M. H, SneathP. H. A, SackinM. J.1983; Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. J Gen Microbiol 129:1743–1813[PubMed]