1887

Abstract

A Gram-negative, non-motile, neutrophilic, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic archaeon, designated strain BG-1, was isolated from a salt lake, Lake Bagaejinnor, in Inner Mongolia, China. Strain BG-1 was able to grow at 25–55 °C, required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth (with an optimum at 3.4 M NaCl) and grew at pH 6.0–9.0 (with an optimum at pH 7.5). Hypotonic treatment with less than 2.0 M NaCl caused cell lysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence positioned the isolate within the genus in the family . Strain BG-1 was most closely related to 31-hong (98.8 % sequence similarity), NCIMB 2081 (98.6 %), ACAM 34 (98.6 %) and 9-3 (98.4 %). However, values for DNA–DNA hybridization between strain BG-1 and the most closely related members of the genus were below 40 %. Analysis of the polar lipids of strain BG-1 revealed the presence of mannosyl-2-sulfate-(1-4)-glycosyl-archaeol, the main glycolipid found in neutrophilic species of the genus . The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol% ( ). Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics of the strain with those of species supported the conclusion that BG-1 represents a novel species within this genus, for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BG-1 (=CECT 7322 =CGMCC 1.7018 =JCM 14978).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65840-0
2008-09-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/58/9/2031.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65840-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Arahal, D. R., Dewhirst, F. E., Paster, B. J., Volcani, B. E. & Ventosa, A.(1996). Phylogenetic analyses of some extremely halophilic archaea isolated from Dead Sea water, determined on the basis of their 16S rRNA sequences. Appl Environ Microbiol 62, 3779–3786. [Google Scholar]
  2. Castillo, A. M., Gutiérrez, M. C., Kamekura, M., Xue, Y., Ma, Y., Cowan, D. A., Jones, B. E., Grant, W. D. & Ventosa, A.(2006).Halorubrum orientale sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from Lake Ejinor, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 2559–2563.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Castillo, A. M., Gutiérrez, M. C., Kamekura, M., Xue, Y., Ma, Y., Cowan, D. A., Jones, B. E., Grant, W. D. & Ventosa, A.(2007).Halorubrum ejinorense sp. nov., a isolated from Lake Ejinor, Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 2538–2542.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cui, H.-L., Tohty, D., Zhou, P.-J. & Liu, S.-J.(2006).Halorubrum lipolyticum sp. nov. and Halorubrum aidingense sp. nov., isolated from two salt lakes in Xin-Jiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1631–1634.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cui, H.-L., Lin, Z.-Y., Dong, Y., Zhou, P.-J. & Liu, S.-J.(2007).Halorubrum litoreum sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a solar saltern. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 2204–2206.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fan, H., Xue, Y., Ma, Y., Ventosa, A. & Grant, W. D.(2004).Halorubrum tibetense sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic archaeon from Lake Zabuye in Tibet, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1213–1216.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feng, J., Zhou, P. & Liu, S.(2004).Halorubrum xinjiangense sp. nov., a novel halophile isolated from saline lakes in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1789–1791.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feng, J., Zhou, P., Zhou, Y., Liu, S. & Warren-Rhodes, K.(2005).Halorubrum alkaliphilum sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphile isolated from a soda lake in Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 149–152.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Franzmann, P. D., Stackebrandt, E., Sanderson, K., Volkman, J. K., Cameron, D. E., Stevenson, P. L., McMeekin, T. A. & Burton, H. R.(1988).Halobacterium lacusprofundi sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from Deep Lake, Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 11, 20–27.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Grant, W. D., Kamekura, M., McGenity, T. J. & Ventosa, A.(2001). Order I. Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989b, 495VP (effective publication: Grant and Larsen 1989a, 2216). In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1, pp. 294–334. Edited by D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity. New York: Springer.
  11. Johnson, J. L.(1994). Similarity analysis of DNAs. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 655–681. Edited by P. Gerhardt, R. G. E. Murray, W. A. Wood & N. R. Krieg. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
  12. Kamekura, M.(1993). Lipids of extreme halophiles. In The Biology of Halophilic Bacteria, pp. 135–161. Edited by R. H. Vreeland & L. I. Hochstein. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  13. Kamekura, M., Dyall-Smith, M. L., Upasani, V., Ventosa, A. & Kates, M.(1997). Diversity of alkaliphilic halobacteria: proposals for transfer of Natronobacterium vacuolatum, Natronobacterium magadii, and Natronobacterium pharaonis to Halorubrum, Natrialba and Natronomonas gen. nov., respectively, as Halorubrum vacuolatum comb. nov., Natrialba magadii comb. nov., and Natronomonas pharaonis comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 131–136. [Google Scholar]
  14. Kharroub, K., Quesada, E., Ferrer, R., Fuentes, S., Aguilera, M., Boulahrouf, A., Ramos-Cormenzana, A. & Monteoliva-Sánchez, M.(2006).Halorubrum ezzemoulense sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from Ezzemoul sabkha, Algeria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1583–1588.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lizama, C., Monteoliva-Sánchez, M., Suárez-García, A., Rosselló-Mora, R., Aguilera, M., Campos, V. & Ramos-Cormenzana, A.(2002).Halorubrum tebenquichense sp. nov., a novel halophilic archaeon isolated from the Atacama Saltern, Chile. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 149–155. [Google Scholar]
  16. Lopez-Garcia, P., Moreira, D., Lopez-Lopez, A. & Rodríguez-Valera, F.(2001). A novel haloarchaeal-related lineage is widely distributed in deep oceanic regions. Environ Microbiol 3, 72–78.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ludwig, W., Strunk, O., Westram, R., Richter, L., Meier, H., Yadhukumar, Buchner, A., Lai, T., Steppi, S. & other authors(2004).arb: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res 32, 1363–1371.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Marmur, J.(1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3, 208–218.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Marmur, J. & Doty, P.(1962). Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 5, 109–118.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. McGenity, T. J. & Grant, W. D.(1995). Transfer of Halobacterium saccharovorum, Halobacterium sodomense, Halobacterium trapanicum NRC 34021 and Halobacterium lacusprofundi to the genus Halorubrum gen. nov., as Halorubrum saccharovorum comb nov., Halorubrum sodomense comb nov., Halorubrum trapanicum comb. nov., and Halorubrum lacusprofundi comb. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 18, 237–243.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  21. McGenity, T. J. & Grant, W. D.(2001). Genus VII. Halorubrum. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1, pp. 320–324. Edited by D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity. New York: Springer.
  22. Oren, A.(1983).Halorubrum sodomense sp. nov., a Dead Sea halobacterium with an extremely high magnesium requirement. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 233–238. [Google Scholar]
  23. Oren, A. & Ventosa, A.(1996). A proposal for the transfer of Halorubrobacterium distributum and Halorubrobacterium coriense to the genus Halorubrum as Halorubrum distributum comb. nov. and Halorubrum coriense comb. nov., respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 1180[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Oren, A., Ventosa, A. & Grant, W. D.(1997). Proposed minimal standards for description of new taxa in the order Halobacteriales. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 233–238.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  25. Oren, A., Vreeland, R. H. & Ventosa, A.(2007). International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae and Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halomonadaceae. Minutes of the joint open meeting, 3 September 2007, Colchester, UK. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 2975–2978.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Owen, R. J. & Hill, L. R.(1979). The estimation of base compositions, base pairing and genome size of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acids. In Identification Methods for Microbiologists, 2nd edn, pp. 217–296. Edited by F. A. Skinner & D. W. Lovelock. London: Academic Press.
  27. Pagaling, E., Haigh, R. D., Grant, W. D., Cowan, D. A., Jones, B. E., Ma, Y., Ventosa, A. & Heaphy, S.(2007). Sequence analysis of an archaeal virus isolated from a hypersaline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. BMC Genomics 8, 410[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Petter, H. F. M.(1931). On bacteria of salted fish. Proc K Ned Akad Wet Amsterdam 34, 1417–1423. [Google Scholar]
  29. Rodriguez-Valera, F., Ruiz-Berraquero, F. & Ramos-Cormenzana, A.(1981). Characteristics of the heterotrophic bacterial populations in hypersaline environments of different salt concentrations. Microb Ecol 7, 235–243.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  30. Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425. [Google Scholar]
  31. Stackebrandt, E. & Goebel, B. M.(1994). Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 846–849.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  32. Tomlinson, G. A. & Hochstein, L. I.(1976).Halobacterium saccharovorum sp. nov., a carbohydrate-metabolizing, extremely halophilic bacterium. Can J Microbiol 22, 587–591.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  33. Torreblanca, M., Rodriguez-Valera, F., Juez, G., Ventosa, A., Kamekura, M. & Kates, M.(1986). Classification of non-alkaliphilic halobacteria based on numerical taxonomy and polar lipid composition, and description of Haloarcula gen. nov. and Haloferax gen. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 8, 89–99.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ventosa, A.(2006). Unusual micro-organisms from unusual habitats: hypersaline environments. In Prokaryotic Diversity: Mechanisms and Significance (Society for General Microbiology Symposium no. 66), pp. 223–253. Edited by N. A. Logan, H. M. Lappin-Scott & P. C. F. Oyston. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  35. Ventosa, A., Gutiérrez, M. C., Kamekura, M., Zvyagintseva, I. S. & Oren, A.(2004). Taxonomic study of Halorubrum distributum and proposal of Halorubrum terrestre sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 389–392.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Xu, X.-W., Wu, Y.-H., Zhang, H.-b. & Wu, M.(2007).Halorubrum arcis sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1069–1072.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65840-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65840-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

vol. , part 9, pp. 2031 - 2035

Thin-layer chromatogram of polar lipids extracted from strain BG-1 and some haloarchaea. [ PDF] 34 KB



PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error