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A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinobacterium strain, designated YIM 45607T, was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample in Kunming, south-west China. Chemotaxonomically, the isolate contained chemical markers that supported its assignment to the genus Rhodococcus. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis, strain YIM 45607T formed a new subline within the genus Rhodococcus, with Rhodococcus equi as its closest phylogenetic neighbour (98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain). However, DNA–DNA hybridization demonstrated that strain YIM 45607T was different from R. equi DSM 20307T (35.4 % relatedness). Based on polyphasic analysis, strain YIM 45607T could be clearly distinguished from other species of the genus Rhodococcus. The isolate therefore represents a novel species of Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus kunmingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain YIM 45607T (=KCTC 19149T =DSM 45001T).
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