1887

Abstract

Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped, halophilic archaea, designated strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1, were isolated from anchovy fish sauce (nam-pla) collected from two different locations in Thailand. The two strains were able to grow at 20–60 °C (optimum 37–40 °C), at 1.7–5.1 M NaCl (optimum 2.6–3.4 M NaCl) and at pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum pH 6.0–6.5). Hypotonic treatment with less than 1.7 M NaCl caused cell lysis. The major polar lipids of the isolates were CC and CC derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, two glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C contents were 64.0–65.4 mol%. In addition to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1 were related most closely to species of the genus . Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1 and the type strains of recognized species were 99.1–96.6 %. The two novel strains could be distinguished from recognized species on the basis of low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness and differences in whole-cell protein patterns and phenotypic properties. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains were 99.7 and 77.7 %, respectively, suggesting that they should be classified as representing a single species. Based on these taxonomic data, strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HIS40-3 (=BCC 24370 =JCM 14663 =PCU 303).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65644-0
2008-10-01
2024-10-16
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/58/10/2378.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65644-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Barrow, G. I. & Feltham, R. K. A.(1993).Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Castillo, A. M., Gutiérrez, M. C., Kamekura, M., Xue, Y., Ma, Y., Cowan, D. A., Jones, B. E., Grant, W. D. & Ventosa, A.(2006).Natrinema ejinorense sp. nov., isolated from a saline lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 2683–2687.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chaiyanan, S., Chaiyanan, S., Maugel, T., Huq, A., Robb, F. T. & Colwell, R. R.(1999). Polyphasic taxonomy of a novel Halobacillus, Halobacillus thailandensis sp. nov. isolated from fish sauce. Syst Appl Microbiol 22, 360–365.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y. & Yabuuchi, E.(1989). Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 224–229.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Felsenstein, J.(1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783–791.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Grant, W. D., Kamekura, M., McGenity, T. J. & Ventosa, A.(2001). Order I. Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989b, 495VP (Effective publication: Grant and Larsen 1989a, 2216). In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn, vol. 1, pp. 294–334. Edited by D. R. Boone, R. W. Castenholz & G. M. Garrity. New York: Springer.
  7. Komagata, K. & Suzuki, K.(1987). Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol 19, 161–207. [Google Scholar]
  8. Leifson, E.(1963). Determination of carbohydrate metabolism of marine bacteria. J Bacteriol 85, 1183–1184. [Google Scholar]
  9. Lopetcharat, K., Choi, Y. J., Park, J. W. & Daeschel, M. A.(2001). Fish sauce products and manufacturing: a review. Food Rev Int 17, 68–88. [Google Scholar]
  10. McGenity, T. J., Gemmell, R. T. & William, D. G.(1998). Proposal of a new halobacterial genus Natrinema gen. nov., with two species Natrinema pellirubrum nom. nov. and Natrinema pallidum nom. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 1187–1196.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  11. Minnikin, D. E., O'Donnell, A. G., Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G., Athalye, M., Schaal, A. & Parlett, J. H.(1984). An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2, 233–241.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  12. Namwong, S., Tanasupawat, S., Smitinont, T., Visessanguan, W., Kudo, T. & Itoh, T.(2005). Characterization of Lentibacillus salicampi and Lentibacillus juripiscarius sp. nov. isolated from fish sauce in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 315–320.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. Namwong, S., Tanasupawat, S., Visessanguan, W., Kudo, T. & Itoh, T.(2007).Halococcus thailandensis sp. nov., from fish sauce in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 2199–2203.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Oren, A., Ventosa, A. & Grant, W. D.(1997). Proposed minimal standards for description of new taxa in the order Halobacteriales. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 233–238.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Phithakpol, B., Varanyanond, W., Reungmaneepaitoon, S. & Wood, H.(1995).The Traditional Fermented Foods of Thailand. Kuala Lumpur: ASEAN Food Handling Bureau Level 3.
  16. Saito, H. & Miura, K. I.(1963). Preparation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta 72, 619–629.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425. [Google Scholar]
  18. Stan-Lotter, H., Pfaffenhuemer, M., Legat, A., Busse, H.-J., Radax, C. & Gruber, C.(2002).Halococcus dombrowskii sp. nov., an archaeal isolate from a Permian alpine salt deposit. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 1807–1814.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tamaoka, J. & Komagata, K.(1984). Determination of DNA base composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 25, 125–128.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tamura, K., Dudley, J., Nei, M. & Kumar, S.(2007).mega4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (mega) software version 4.0. Mol Biol Evol 24, 1596–1599.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  21. Tanasupawat, S. & Komagata, K.(2001). Lactic acid bacteria in fermented foods in Southeast Asia. In Microbial Diversity in Asia. Technology and Prospects, pp. 43–59. Edited by B. H. Nga, H. M. Tan & K. Suzuki. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
  22. Tanasupawat, S., Shida, O., Okada, S. & Komagata, K.(2000).Lactobacillus acidipiscis sp. nov., and Weissella thailandensis sp. nov., isolated from fermented fish in Thailand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1479–1485.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G.(1997). The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25, 4876–4882.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Thongsanit, J., Tanasupawat, S., Keeratipibul, S. & Jatikavanich, S.(2002). Characterization and identification of Tetragenococcus halophilus and Tetragenococcus muriaticus strains from fish sauce (nam-pla). Jpn J Lactic Acid Bacteria 13, 46–52.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  25. Thongthai, C., McGenity, T. J., Suntinanalert, P. & Grant, W. D.(1992). Isolation and characterization of an extremely halophilic archaeobacterium from traditional fermented Thai fish sauce (nam-pla). Lett Appl Microbiol 14, 111–114.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Xin, H., Itoh, T., Zhou, P.-J., Suzuki, K., Kamekura, M. & Nakase, T.(2000).Natrinema versiforme sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Aibi salt lake, Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1297–1303.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Xu, X.-W., Ren, P.-G., Liu, S.-J., Wu, M. & Zhou, P.-J.(2005).Natrinema altunense sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a salt lake in Altun Mountain in Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1311–1314.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65644-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.65644-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Two-dimensional TLC of polar lipids extracted from strain HIS40-3 (a) and strain HDS3-1 (b). Separation of components was achieved by developing the plate with chloroform/methanol/water (65:25:4 by vol., horizontal direction) and then with chloroform/methanol/acetic acid/water (85:12:15:4 by vol., vertical). Spots were visualized by staining with anisaldehyde reagent and the plate was heated to 150 °C for 10 min to show glycolipids and phospholipids. PG, Phosphatidylglycerol; PGP-Me, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester; PGS, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate; GL, unidentified glycolipid; Un, unknown lipid; Pi, pigment.

IMAGE

Phylogenetic trees showing the relationships between strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1 and related archaeal species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. [PDF](20 KB)

PDF

Whole-cell proteins extracted from strains HIS40-3 and HDS3-1 and strains of related species, following separation by SDS-PAGE (10 %). Proteins were stained with Coomassie blue. Lanes: 1, molecular mass markers; 2, JCM 8980 ; 3, JCM 10476 ; 4, JCM 12890 ; 5, strain HIS40-3 ; 6, strain HDS3-1. Arrows indicated major differences in protein bands.

IMAGE
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error