A psychrotolerant bacterium, designated strain Tibet-IIU11T, was isolated from the Qinghai--Tibet Plateau permafrost region, China. A taxonomic study was conducted using a polyphasic approach, with determination of physiological and biochemical properties and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. The novel isolate was found to belong to the genus Hymenobacter and was distinct from the recognized species of this genus. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (24.5 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso C15 : 0 2-OH; 20.0 %), summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B; 14.0 %), C16 : 1ω5c (12.7 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (8.4 %). Phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid were predominant in the polar lipid profile. The quinone system consisted exclusively of menaquinone MK-7 and sym-homospermidine was the major polyamine present. These chemotaxonomic traits are in good agreement with the characteristics of the genus Hymenobacter. The assignment of the novel isolate to this genus was further supported by a DNA G+C content of 60 mol%. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence presented in this study, it is proposed that strain Tibet-IIU11T (=DSM 18569T=CGMCC 1.6365T) represents a novel species, Hymenobacter psychrotolerans sp. nov.
Altenburger, P., Kämpfer, P., Makristathis, A., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J.(1996). Classification of bacteria isolated from a medieval wall painting. J Biotechnol47, 39–52.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Baik, K. S., Seong, C. N., Moon, E. Y., Park, Y.-D., Yi, H. & Chun, J.(2006).Hymenobacter rigui sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol56, 2189–2192.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Buczolits, S., Denner, E. B. M., Kämpfer, P. & Busse, H.-J.(2006). Proposal of Hymenobacter norwichensis sp. nov., classification of ‘Taxeobacter ocellatus’, ‘Taxeobacter gelupurpurascens’ and ‘Taxeobacter chitinovorans’ in the genus Hymenobacter as Hymenobacter ocellatus sp. nov., Hymenobacter gelipurpurascens sp. nov. and Hymenobacter chitinivorans sp. nov., respectively, and emended description of the genus Hymenobacter Hirsch et al. 1999. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol56, 2071–2078.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Buczolits, S., Denner, E. B. M., Vybiral, D., Wieser, M., Kämpfer, P. & Busse, H.-J.(2002). Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52, 445–456.
[Google Scholar]
Busse, H. J. & Auling, G.(1988). Polyamine pattern as a chemotaxonomic marker within the Proteobacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol11, 1–8.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Cole, J. R., Chai, B., Marsh, T. L., Farris, R. J., Wang, Q., Kulam, S. A., Chandra, S., McGarrell, D. M., Schmidt, T. M. & other authors(2003). The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II): previewing a new autoaligner that allows regular updates and the new prokaryotic taxonomy. Nucleic Acids Res31, 442–443.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Collins, M. D., Hutson, R. A., Grant, I. R. & Patterson, M. F.(2000). Phylogenetic characterization of a novel radiation-resistant bacterium from irradiated pork: description of Hymenobacter actinosclerus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol50, 731–734.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Felsenstein, J.(1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution39, 783–791.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hirsch, P., Ludwig, W., Hethke, C., Sittig, M., Hoffmann, B. & Gallikowski, C. A.(1998).Hymenobacter roseosalivarius gen. nov., sp. nov. from continental Antarctic soils and sandstone: bacteria of Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteroides line of phylogenetic descent. Syst Appl Microbiol21, 374–383.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kämpfer, P., Steiof, M. & Dott, W.(1991). Microbiological characterization of a fuel-oil contaminated site including numerical identification of heterotrophic water and soil bacteria. Microb Ecol21, 227–251.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kumar, S., Tamura, K., Jakobsen, I. B. & Nei, M.(2001).mega2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Bioinformatics17, 1244–1245.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Marmur, J. & Doty, P.(1962). Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol5, 109–118.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Moaledj, K.(1986). Comparison of Gram-staining and alternate methods, KOH test and aminopeptidase activity in aquatic bacteria: their application to numerical taxonomy. J Microbiol Methods5, 303–310.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Porter, K. & Feig, Y. S.(1990). The use of DAPI for identifying and counting aquatic microflora. Limnol Oceanogr25, 943–948.
[Google Scholar]
Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol4, 406–425.
[Google Scholar]
Sambrook, J., Frisch, E. F. & Maniatis, T.(1989).Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Sherr, B. F., Sherr, E. B. & McDaniel, J.(1992). Effect of protistan grazing on the frequency of dividing cells in bacterioplankton assemblages. Appl Environ Microbiol58, 2381–2385.
[Google Scholar]
Smibert, R. M. & Krieg, N. R.(1994). Phenotypic characterisation. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607–654. Edited by P. Gerhardt, R. G. E. Murray, W. A. Woods & N. R. Krieg. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
Stackebrandt, E. & Goebel, B. M.(1994). Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol44, 846–849.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Staley, J. T.(1968).Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium: new prosthecate freshwater bacteria. J Bacteriol95, 1921–1942.
[Google Scholar]
Stolz, A., Busse, H.-J. & Kämpfer, P.(2007).Pseudomonas knackmussii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 572–576.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G.(1997). The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res25, 4876–4882.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Tindall, B. J.(1990a). Lipid composition of Halobacterium lacusprofundi. FEMS Microbiol Lett66, 199–202.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Tindall, B. J.(1990b). A comparative study of the lipid composition of Halobacterium saccharovorum from various sources. Syst Appl Microbiol13, 128–130.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Wang, B. & French, H. M.(1995). Permafrost on the Tibet Plateau, China. Quatern Sci Rev14, 255–274.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Zhang, G., Ma, X., Niu, F., Dong, M., Feng, H., An, L. & Cheng, G.(2007a). Diversity and distribution of alkaliphilic psychrotolerant bacteria in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost region. Extremophiles11, 415–424.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Zhang, G., Niu, F., Ma, X., Liu, W., Dong, M., Feng, H., An, L. & Cheng, G.(2007b). Phylogenetic diversity of bacteria isolates from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau permafrost region. Can J Microbiol53, 1000–1010.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Zhang, Q., Liu, C., Tang, Y., Zhou, G., Shen, P., Fang, C. & Yokota, A.(2007c).Hymenobacter xinjiangensis sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from the desert of Xinjiang, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 1752–1756.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]