A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (designated strain Kw05T) was isolated from granules used in the wastewater treatment plant of a beer-brewing factory in Kwang-Ju, Republic of Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Kw05T was shown to belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae, and was most closely related to Flavobacterium limicola (96·6 %), Flavobacterium hibernum (96·3 %), Flavobacterium hydatis (96·1 %) and Flavobacterium xinjiangense (96·1 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain Kw05T was 36·2 mol%, within the range of 32–37 mol% for the genus Flavobacterium. Chemotaxonomic data (major menaquinone MK-6; major fatty acids iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 1ω9c) supported the classification of strain Kw05T within the genus Flavobacterium. Kw05T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Flavobacterium granuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Kw05T (=KCTC 12201T=IAM 15099T).
BaeJ.-W.,
LeeS.-T.1999; Layered structure of UASB granules gives microbial population resistance to toxic chemicals. Biotechnol Lett 21:159–162[CrossRef]
BergeyD. H.,
HarrisonF. C.,
BreedR. S.,
HammerB. W.,
HuntoonF. M.
(editors) 1923Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
BernardetJ.-F.,
SegersP.,
VancanneytM.,
BertheF.,
KerstersK.,
VandammeP.1996; Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium , emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae , and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:128–148[CrossRef]
BernardetJ.-F.,
NakagawaY.,
HolmesB.2002; Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1049–1070[CrossRef]
HallT. A.1999; bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41:95–98
HumphryD. R.,
GeorgeA.,
BlackG. W.,
CummingsS. P.2001; Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1235–1243
MacLeodF. A.,
GuiotS. R.,
CostertonJ. W.1990; Layered structure of bacterial aggregates produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor. Appl Environ Microbiol 56:1598–1607
McCammonS. A.,
BowmanJ. P.2000; Taxonomy of Antarctic Flavobacterium species: description of Flavobacterium gillisiae sp. nov., Flavobacterium tegetincola sp. nov. and Flavobacterium xanthum sp. nov., nom. rev. and reclassification of [ Flavobacterium ] salegens as Salegentibacter salegens gen. nov., comb. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol501055–1063[CrossRef]
McCammonS. A.,
InnesB. H.,
BowmanJ. P.,
FranzmannP. D.,
DobsonS. J.,
HollowayP. E.,
SkerrattJ. H.,
NicholsP. D.,
RankinL. M.1998; Flavobacterium hibernum sp. nov., a lactose-utilizing bacterium from a freshwater Antarctic lake. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:1405–1412[CrossRef]
MesbahM.,
PremachandranU.,
WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167[CrossRef]
NakagawaY.,
SakaneT.,
YokotaA.1996; Emendation of the genus Planococcus and transfer of Flavobacterium okeanokoites Zobell and Upham 1944 to the genus Planococcus as Planococcus okeanokoites comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:866–870[CrossRef]
ReichenbachH.1989; Order I. Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974, 99AL
. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology vol 3 pp 2011–2013 Edited by
StaleyJ. T.,
BryantM. P.,
PfennigN.,
HoltJ. G.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
SchmidtJ. E.,
AhringB. K.1996; Acetate and hydrogen metabolism in intact and disintegrated granules from an acetate-fed, 55 °C, UASC reactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 49:229–246
ShenC. F.,
KosaricN.,
BlaszczykR.1993; The effect of selected heavy metals (Ni, Co and Fe) on anaerobic granules and their extracellular polymeric substance (EPS. Water Res 27:25–33[CrossRef]
StackebrandtE.,
GoebelB. M.1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849[CrossRef]
TakeuchiM.,
HatanoK.1998; Proposal of six new species in the genus Microbacterium and transfer of Flavobacterium marinotypicum ZoBell and Upham to the genus Microbacterium as Microbacterium maritypicum comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:973–982[CrossRef]
TenL. N.,
ImW.-T.,
KimM.-K.,
KangM.-S.,
LeeS.-T.2004; Development of a plate technique for screening of polysaccharide-degrading microorganisms by using a mixture of insoluble chromogenic substrates. J Microbiol Methods 56:375–382[CrossRef]
ThompsonJ. D.,
GibsonT. J.,
PlewniakF.,
JeanmouginF.,
HigginsD. G.1997; The clustal_x Windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882[CrossRef]
WayneL. G.,
BrennerD. J.,
ColwellR. R.9 other authors1987; Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464[CrossRef]