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A Gram-reaction-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped lactic acid bacterium, designated strain S215T, was isolated from fermented soybean meal. The organism produced d-lactic acid from glucose without gas formation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that strain S215T had 98.74–99.60 % sequence similarity to the type strains of three species of the genus Lactobacillus ( Lactobacillus farciminis BCRC 14043T, Lactobacillus futsaii BCRC 80278T and Lactobacillus crustorum JCM 15951T). A comparison of two housekeeping genes, rpoA and pheS, revealed that strain S215T was well separated from the reference strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus . DNA–DNA hybridization results indicated that strain S215T had DNA related to the three type strains of species of the genus Lactobacillus (33–66 % relatedness). The DNA G+C content of strain S215T was 36.2 mol%. The cell walls contained peptidoglycan of the d-meso-diaminopimelic acid type and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 0 cyclo ω10c/C19 : 1ω6c. Phenotypic and genotypic features demonstrated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus , for which the name Lactobacillus formosensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S215T ( = NBRC 109509T = BCRC 80582T).
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