Desulfoprunum benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-stain-negative, benzoate-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment plant
A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain KoBa311T, isolated from the wastewater treatment plant at Konstanz, Germany, was characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, oval to short rods, 3–5 µm long and 0.8–1.0 µm wide with rounded ends, dividing by binary fission and occurring singly or in pairs. The strain grew optimally in freshwater medium and the optimum temperature was 30 °C. Strain KoBa311T showed optimum growth at pH 7.3−7.6. Organic electron donors were oxidized completely to carbon dioxide concomitant with sulfate reduction to sulfide. At excess substrate supply, substrates were oxidized incompletely and acetate (mainly) and/or propionate accumulated. The strain utilized short-chain fatty acids, alcohols (except methanol) and benzoate. Sulfate and DMSO were used as terminal electron acceptors for growth. The genomic DNA G+C content was 52.3 mol% and the respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-5 (V-H2). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c/ω6c and C18 : 1ω7c. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain KoBa311T within the family Desulfobulbaceae in the class Deltaproteobacteria. Its closest related bacterial species on the basis of the distance matrix were Desulfobacterium catecholicum DSM 3882T (93.0 % similarity), Desulfocapsa thiozymogenes (93.1 %), Desulforhopalus singaporensis (92.9 %), Desulfopila aestuarii (92.4 %), Desulfopila inferna JS_SRB250LacT (92.3 %) and Desulfofustis glycolicus (92.3 %). On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain KoBa311T was distinct from any related type species. Therefore, strain KoBa311T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Desulfoprunum benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Desulfoprunum benzoelyticum is KoBa311T ( = DSM 28570T = KCTC 15441T).
BellerH. R.,
SpormannA. M.,
SharmaP. K.,
ColeJ. R.,
ReinhardM.(1996). Isolation and characterization of a novel toluene-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium. . Appl Environ Microbiol62, 1188–1196.[PubMed]
CashionP.,
Holder-FranklinM. A.,
McCullyJ.,
FranklinM.(1977). A rapid method for the base ratio determination of bacterial DNA. . Anal Biochem81, 461–466. [View Article][PubMed]
FangH. H. P.,
ChenT.,
LiY.‐Y.,
ChuiH.‐K.(1996). Degradation of phenol in wastewater in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. . Water Res30(6)1353–1360. [View Article]
FriedrichM.,
SpringerN.,
LudwigW.,
SchinkB.(1996). Phylogenetic positions of Desulfofustis glycolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Syntrophobotulus glycolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., two new strict anaerobes growing with glycolic acid. . Int J Syst Bacteriol46, 1065–1069. [View Article][PubMed]
GittelA.,
SeidelM.,
KueverJ.,
GalushkoA. S.,
CypionkaH.,
KönnekeM.(2010).Desulfopila inferna sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from the subsurface of a tidal sand-flat. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol60, 1626–1630. [View Article][PubMed]
JunghareM.,
SubudhiS.,
LalB.(2012). Improvement of hydrogen production under decreased partial pressure by newly isolated alkaline tolerant anaerobe, Clostridium butyricum TM-9A: optimization of process parameters. . Int J Hydrogen Energy37, 3160–3168. [View Article]
KämpferP.,
KroppenstedtR. M.(1996). Numerical analysis of fatty acid patterns of coryneform bacteria and related taxa. . Can J Microbiol42, 989–1005. [View Article]
KueverJ.,
RaineyF. A.,
WiddelF.(2006). Family II. Desulfobulbaceae fam. nov.. In: D. J. BRENNER, N. R. KRIEG, J. T. STALEY and G. M. GARRITY (editors), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , second editions., Vol. II (The Proteobacteria), part C (The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta- and Epsilon proteobacteria), Springer;, New York:, p. 988. [View Article]
LaneD. J.(1991). 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In: Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M, editors. Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics. . Chichester, United Kingdom:: John Wiley and Sons;; 115–175.
LiY. Y.,
FangH. H. P.,
ChuiH. K.,
ChenT.(1995). UASB treatment of wastewater with concentrated benzoate. . J. Environ. Eng.121(10), 748–751. [View Article]
PfennigN.(1978).Rhodocyclus purpureus gen. nov. sp. nov., a ring-shaped, vitamin B12-requiring member of the family Rhodospirillaceae
. . Int J Syst Bacteriol28, 283–288. [View Article]
PfennigN.,
WagenerS.(1986). An improved method of preparing wet mounts for photomicrographs of microorganisms. . J Microbiol Methods4, 303–306. [View Article]
PluggeC. M.,
ZhangW.,
ScholtenJ. C. M.,
StamsA. J. M.(2011). Metabolic flexibility of sulfate-reducing bacteria. . Front Microbiol2, 81. [View Article][PubMed]
SuzukiD.,
UekiA.,
AmaishiA.,
UekiK.(2007).Desulfopila aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative, rod-like, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from an estuarine sediment in Japan. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 520–526. [View Article][PubMed]
SzewzykU.,
SchinkB.(1989). Degradation of hydroquinone, gentisate, and benzoate by a fermenting bacterium in pure or defined mixed culture. . Arch Microbiol151, 541–545. [View Article]
TindallB.(1990). A comparative study of the lipid composition of Halobacterium saccharovorum from various sources. . Syst Appl Microbiol13, 128–130. [View Article]
WiddelF.(1987). Microbiology and ecology of sulfate-and sulfur-reducing bacteria. . In Biology of Anaerobic Microorganisms, pp. 469–585. Edited by
ZehnderA. J. B.
. New York:: Wiley;.
WiddelF.,
BakF.(1992). Gram negative mesophilic sulfate reducing bacteria. . In The Prokaryotes, vol. IV, pp. 3352–3378. Edited by
BalowsH.,
TruperH. G.,
DworkinM.,
HarderW.,
SchleiferK. H.
. New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
Desulfoprunum benzoelyticum gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-stain-negative, benzoate-degrading, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment plant