1887

Abstract

A strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, carbohydrate-fermenting, hydrogen-producing bacterium, designated strain RL-C, was isolated from a reed swamp in China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods measuring 0.7–1.0 µm in width and 3.0–8.0 µm in length. The optimum temperature for growth of strain RL-C was 37 °C (range 25–40 °C) and pH 7.0–7.5 (range pH 5.7–8.0). The strain could grow fermentatively on yeast extract, tryptone, arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose, lactose, glycogen, pectin and starch. The main end products of glucose fermentation were acetate, H and CO. Organic acids, alcohols and amino acids were not utilized for growth. Yeast extract was not required for growth; however, it stimulated growth slightly. Nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, elemental sulfur and Fe(III) nitrilotriacetate were not reduced as terminal electron acceptors. Aesculin was hydrolysed but not gelatin. Indole and HS were produced from yeast extract. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C, anteiso-C and C. The most abundant polar lipid of strain RL-C was phosphatidylethanolamine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to the uncultured Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group (http://www.arb-silva.de/) in the family of the phylum and shared low sequence similarities with the related species WAL 8301 (81.8 %), ATCC 29728 (81.7 %) and WN081 (80.9 %). On the basis of these data, a novel species in a new genus of the family is proposed, gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is RL-C ( = JCM 17603 = DSM 24657 = CGMCC 1.5173).

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province, the National Key Technology R&D Program (Award 2013BAD22B00)
  • ‘135’ Projects Fund of CAS-QIBEBT Director Innovation Foundation
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.063917-0
2014-09-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/64/9/2986.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.063917-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Abe K., Ueki A., Ohtaki Y., Kaku N., Watanabe K., Ueki K. ( 2012 ). Anaerocella delicata gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium in the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle farms. . J Gen Appl Microbiol 58, 405412. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Cottrell M. T., Kirchman D. L. ( 2000 ). Natural assemblages of marine proteobacteria and members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacter cluster consuming low- and high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter. . Appl Environ Microbiol 66, 16921697. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Doetsch R. N. ( 1981 ). Determinative methods of light microscopy. . In Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, pp. 2133. Edited by Gerhardt P., Murray R. G. E., Costilow R. N., Nester E. W., Wood W. A., Krieg N. R., Phillips G. B. . Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Felsenstein J. ( 1985 ). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. . Evolution 39, 783791. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Hanada S., Takaichi S., Matsuura K., Nakamura K. ( 2002 ). Roseiflexus castenholzii gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, filamentous, photosynthetic bacterium that lacks chlorosomes. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 187193.[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Hedlund B. P., Dodsworth J. A., Cole J. K., Panosyan H. H. ( 2013 ). An integrated study reveals diverse methanogens, Thaumarchaeota, and yet-uncultivated archaeal lineages in Armenian hot springs. . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 104, 7182. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Hiraishi A. ( 1992 ). Direct automated sequencing of 16S rDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction from bacterial cultures without DNA purification. . Lett Appl Microbiol 15, 210213. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Holdeman L. V., Cato E. P., Moore W. E. C. ( 1977 ). Anaerobe Laboratory Manual, , 4th edn.. Blacksburg, VA:: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University;.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Holdeman L. V., Kelly R. W., Moore W. E. C. ( 1984 ). Genus I. Bacteroides Castellani and Chalmers 1919, 959AL . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, pp. 604631. Edited by Krieg N. R., Holt J. G. . Baltimore:: Williams & Wilkins;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kaksonen A. H., Plumb J. J., Robertson W. J., Franzmann P. D., Gibson J. A. E., Puhakka J. A. ( 2004 ). Culturable diversity and community fatty acid profiling of sulfate-reducing fluidized-bed reactors treating acidic, metal-containing wastewater. . Geomicrobiol J 21, 469480. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Kamagata Y., Mikami E. ( 1991 ). Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophilic Methanosaeta strain. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 41, 191196. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Kaneuchi C., Mitsuoka T. ( 1978 ). Bacteroides microfusus, a new species from the intestines of calves, chickens, and Japanese quails. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 28, 478481. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Kirchman D. L. ( 2002 ). The ecology of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria in aquatic environments. . FEMS Microbiol Ecol 39, 91100.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Krieg N. R., Ludwig W., Euzéby J., Whitman W. B. ( 2010 ). Phylum XIV. Bacteroidetes phyl. nov.. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 25. Edited by Krieg N. R., Parte A., Ludwig W., Whitman W. B., Hedlund B. P., Paster B. J., Staley J. T., Ward N., Brown D. R. . New York:: Springer;.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nagai F., Morotomi M., Watanabe Y., Sakon H., Tanaka R. ( 2010 ). Alistipes indistinctus sp. nov. and Odoribacter laneus sp. nov., common members of the human intestinal microbiota isolated from faeces. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60, 12961302. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Narihiro T., Terada T., Kikuchi K., Iguchi A., Ikeda M., Yamauchi T., Shiraishi K., Kamagata Y., Nakamura K., Sekiguchi Y. ( 2009 ). Comparative analysis of bacterial and archaeal communities in methanogenic sludge granules from upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors treating various food-processing, high-strength organic wastewaters. . Microbes Environ 24, 8896. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Qiu Y. L., Kuang X. Z., Shi X. S., Yuan X. Z., Guo R. B. ( 2014 ). Terrimicrobium sacchariphilum gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium of the class ‘Spartobacteria’ in the phylum Verrucomicrobia, isolated from a rice paddy field. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64, 17181723. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Rautio M., Eerola E., Väisänen-Tunkelrott M. L., Molitoris D., Lawson P., Collins M. D., Jousimies-Somer H. ( 2003 ). Reclassification of Bacteroides putredinis (Weinberg et al., 1937) in a new genus Alistipes gen. nov., as Alistipes putredinis comb. nov., and description of Alistipes finegoldii sp. nov., from human sources. . Syst Appl Microbiol 26, 182188. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Saitou N., Nei M. ( 1987 ). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. . Mol Biol Evol 4, 406425.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sekiguchi Y., Kamagata Y., Nakamura K., Ohashi A., Harada H. ( 2000 ). Syntrophothermus lipocalidus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing anaerobe which utilizes isobutyrate. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 771779. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Sekiguchi Y., Yamada T., Hanada S., Ohashi A., Harada H., Kamagata Y. ( 2003 ). Anaerolinea thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. and Caldilinea aerophila gen. nov., sp. nov., novel filamentous thermophiles that represent a previously uncultured lineage of the domain Bacteria at the subphylum level. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 18431851. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Shen Z., Zhou Y., Wang J. ( 2013 ). Comparison of denitrification performance and microbial diversity using starch/polylactic acid blends and ethanol as electron donor for nitrate removal. . Bioresour Technol 131, 3339. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Shintani T., Liu W.-T., Hanada S., Kamagata Y., Miyaoka S., Suzuki T., Nakamura K. ( 2000 ). Micropruina glycogenica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive glycogen-accumulating bacterium isolated from activated sludge. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 201207. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Song Y., Könönen E., Rautio M., Liu C., Bryk A., Eerola E., Finegold S. M. ( 2006 ). Alistipes onderdonkii sp. nov. and Alistipes shahii sp. nov., of human origin. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 19851990. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Tamura K., Dudley J., Nei M., Kumar S. ( 2007 ). mega4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (mega) software version 4.0. . Mol Biol Evol 24, 15961599. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Tindall B. J. ( 1990 ). Lipid composition of Halobacterium lacusprofundi . . FEMS Microbiol Lett 66, 199202. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Weisburg W. G., Barns S. M., Pelletier D. A., Lane D. J. ( 1991 ). 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. . J Bacteriol 173, 697703.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.063917-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.063917-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error