Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi
A novel nitrite-oxidizing bacterium (NOB), strain LbT, was isolated from a nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading of ammonium bicarbonate in a mineral medium with nitrite as the energy source. The cells were oval (lancet-shaped) rods with pointed edges, non-motile, Gram-positive (by staining and from the cell wall structure) and non-spore-forming. Strain LbT was an obligately aerobic, chemolitoautotrophic NOB, utilizing nitrite or formate as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Ammonium served as the only source of assimilated nitrogen. Growth with nitrite was optimal at pH 6.8–7.5 and at 40 °C (maximum 46 °C). The membrane lipids consisted of C20 alkyl 1,2-diols with the dominant fatty acids being 10MeC18 and C18 : 1ω9. The peptidoglycan lacked meso-DAP but contained ornithine and lysine. The dominant lipoquinone was MK-8. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16s rRNA gene sequence placed strain LbT into the class Thermomicrobia of the phylum Chloroflexi with Sphaerobacter thermophilus as the closest relative. On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that strain LbT represents a novel species of a new genus, with the suggested name Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of the type species is LbT ( = DSM 23161T = UNIQEM U798T).
Published Online:
Funding
This study was supported by the:
RFBR
(Award 13-04-40205)
Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports
(Award MSM 6046137308)
Vienna Science and Technology Fund
(Award LS09-40)
BhandariB.,
SimlatM. M.(1986). Rapid micro-method for determination of nitrate in presence of nitrite for biochemical studies. . Indian J Exp Biol24, 323–325.
DemharterW.,
HenselR.,
SmidaJ.,
StackebrandtE.(1989).Sphaerobacter thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a deeply rooting member of the Actinomycetes subdivision isolated from thermophilically treated sewage sludge. . Syst Appl Microbiol11, 261–266. [View Article]
Griess-Romijn van EckE.(1966).Physiological and chemical tests for drinking water. NEN 504 1056 IV-2 Nederlands Normalisatie Instituut. The Netherlands:: Rijswijk;.
HugenholtzP.,
StackebrandtE.(2004). Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description). . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol54, 2049–2051. [View Article][PubMed]
LückerS.,
NowkaB.,
RatteiT.,
SpieckE.,
DaimsH.(2013). The genome of Nitrospina gracilis illuminates the metabolism and evolution of the major marine nitrite oxidizer. . Front Microbiol4, 27. [View Article][PubMed]
MarmurJ.,
DotyP.(1962). Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. . J Mol Biol5, 109–118. [View Article][PubMed]
PondJ. L.,
LangworthyT. A.(1987). Effect of growth temperature on the long-chain diols and fatty acids of Thermomicrobium roseum
. . J Bacteriol169, 1328–1330.[PubMed]
PondJ. L.,
LangworthyT. A.,
HolzerG.(1986). Long-chain diols: a new class of membrane lipids from a thermophilic bacterium. . Science231, 1134–1136. [View Article][PubMed]
SorokinD. Y.,
LückerS.,
VejmelkovaD.,
KostrikinaN. A.,
KleerbezemR.,
RijpstraW. A. C.,
Sinninghe DamstéJ. S.,
Le PaslierD.,
MuyzerG.,
WagnerM.,
van LoosdrechtM. C. M.,
DaimsH.(2012). Nitrification expanded: Discovery, physiology, and genomics of a nitrite-oxidizing bacterium from the phylum Chloroflexi
. . ISME J6, 2245–2256. [CrossRef]
SpieckE.,
BockE.(2005). The lithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. . In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, , 2nd edn., pp. 149–153. Edited by
GarrityG. M.,
BrennerD. J.,
KriegN. R.,
StaleyJ. T.
. New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
StamatakisA.,
LudwigT.,
MeierH.(2005). RAxML-III: a fast program for maximum likelihood-based inference of large phylogenetic trees. . Bioinformatics21, 456–463. [View Article][PubMed]
StreshinskayaG. M.,
NaumovaI. B.,
PaninaL. I.(1979). [ Chemical composition of the cell wall of Streptomyces chrysomallus which produces the antibiotic aurantin. ]. Mikrobiologiia48, 814–819 (in Russian).[PubMed]
van ver MeerM. T.,
SchoutenS.,
HanadaS.,
HopmansE. C.,
DamstéJ. S.,
WardD. M.(2002). Alkane-1,2-diol-based glycosides and fatty glycosides and wax esters in Roseiflexus castenholzii and hot spring microbial mats. . Arch Microbiol178, 229–237. [View Article][PubMed]
WaitR.,
CarretoL.,
NobreM. F.,
FerreiraA. M.,
da CostaM. S.(1997). Characterization of novel long-chain 1,2-diols in Thermus species and demonstration that Thermus strains contain both glycerol-linked and diol-linked glycolipids. . J Bacteriol179, 6154–6162.[PubMed]
WatsonS. W.,
WaterburyJ. B.(1971). Characteristics of two marine nitrite oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospina gracilis, nov. gen. nov. sp. and Nitrococcus mobilis nov. gen. nov. sp.. Arch Mikrobiol77, 203–230. [View Article]
Nitrolancea hollandica gen. nov., sp. nov., a chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium isolated from a bioreactor belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi