Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of the genera Aestuariibaculum and Gaetbulibacter
A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, non-flagellated, non-spore-forming and gliding marine bacterium, designated strain CC-AMZ-304T, was isolated from coastal surface seawater near Taichung harbour, Taiwan. Strain CC-AMZ-304T predominantly synthesized zeaxanthin and thus formed yellow colonies on marine agar. The novel strain showed an unstable phylogenetic position, although sharing high pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.9–94.9, 95.7 and 95.1–93.9 % with Gaetbulibacter species (n = 4), Aestuariibaculum suncheonense SC17T and Bizionia species (n = 7), respectively. The polar lipid profile of strain CC-AMZ-304T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, five unidentified lipids, one unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The major (>5 % of the total) fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH and C15 : 1ω5c. The DNA G+C content was 36.0 mol%. Menaquinone-6 (MK-6) was the sole respiratory quinone and the major polyamine was triamine sym-homospermidine. Phylogenetic distinctiveness, unique polar lipid composition, presence of significant amounts of branched hydroxyl fatty acids (iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 3-OH) and a low amount of anteiso-C15 : 0, and several additional distinguishing biochemical features clearly discriminated strain CC-AMZ-304T from the type species of the genera Aestuariibaculum and Gaetbulibacter. Thus, based on data from the present polyphasic study, strain CC-AMZ-304T is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain of Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens is CC-AMZ-304T ( = JCM 18557T = BCRC 80463T). Emended descriptions of the genera Aestuariibaculum and Gaetbulibacter are also proposed.
AskerD.,
BeppuT.,
UedaK.(2007a).Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel zeaxanthin-producing marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae
. . Syst Appl Microbiol30, 291–296. [View Article][PubMed]
AskerD.,
BeppuT.,
UedaK.(2007b).Zeaxanthinibacter enoshimensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel zeaxanthin-producing marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from seawater off Enoshima Island, Japan. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 837–843. [View Article][PubMed]
BarrowG. I.,
FelthamR. K. A.(editors) (1993).Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, , 3rd edn.. Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;. [View Article]
BernardetJ. F.,
NakagawaY.,
HolmesB.Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes(2002). Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52, 1049–1070. [View Article][PubMed]
EmbleyT. M.,
WaitR.(1994). Structural lipids of eubacteria. . In Chemical Methods in Prokaryotic Systematics, pp. 121–161. Edited by
GoodfellowM.,
O’DonnellA. G.
. Chichester:: Wiley;.
HameedA.,
ShahinaM.,
LinS. Y.,
SridharK. R.,
YoungL. S.,
LeeM. R.,
ChenW. M.,
ChouJ. H.,
YoungC. C.(2012).Siansivirga zeaxanthinifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel zeaxanthin-producing member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from coastal seawater of Taiwan. . FEMS Microbiol Lett333, 37–45. [View Article][PubMed]
HeinerC. R.,
HunkapillerK. L.,
ChenS. M.,
GlassJ. I.,
ChenE. Y.(1998). Sequencing multimegabase-template DNA with BigDye terminator chemistry. . Genome Res8, 557–561.[PubMed]
JeongS. H.,
ParkM. S.,
JinH. M.,
LeeK.,
ParkW.,
JeonC. O.(2013).Aestuariibaculum suncheonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a tidal flat and emended descriptions of the genera Gaetbulibacter and Tamlana
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol63, 332–338. [View Article][PubMed]
JungS. Y.,
KangS. J.,
LeeM. H.,
LeeS. Y.,
OhT. K.,
YoonJ. H.(2005).Gaetbulibacter saemankumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a tidal flat sediment in Korea. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol55, 1845–1849. [View Article][PubMed]
KämpferP.,
KroppenstedtR. M.(1996). Numerical analysis of fatty acid patterns of coryneform bacteria and related taxa. . Can J Microbiol42, 989–1005. [View Article]
KimuraM.(1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. . J Mol Evol16, 111–120. [View Article][PubMed]
KirchmanD. L.,
YuL.,
CottrellM. T.(2003). Diversity and abundance of uncultured Cytophaga-like bacteria in the Delaware estuary. . Appl Environ Microbiol69, 6587–6596. [View Article][PubMed]
MesbahM.,
PremachandranU.,
WhitmanW. B.(1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. . Int J Syst Bacteriol39, 159–167. [View Article]
MinnikinD. E.,
O’DonnellA. G.,
GoodfellowM.,
AldersonG.,
AthalyeM.,
SchaalA.,
ParlettJ. H.(1984). An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. . J Microbiol Methods2, 233–241. [View Article]
Montero-CalasanzM. D.,
GökerM.,
RohdeM.,
SpröerC.,
SchumannP.,
BusseH.-J.,
SchmidM.,
TindallB. J.,
KlenkH.-P.,
CamachoM.(2013).Chryseobacterium hispalense sp. nov., a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from a rainwater pond in an olive plant nursery and emendation of the species Chryseobacterium defluvii, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Chryseobacterium wanjuense and Chryseobacterium gregarium
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol (in press). [View Article][PubMed]
MurrayR. G. E.,
DoetschR. N.,
RobinowC. F.(1994). Determinative and cytological light microscopy. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 21–41. Edited by
GerhardtP.,
MurrayR. G. E.,
WoodW. A.,
KriegN. R.
. Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
ParkS. C.,
ChoeH. N.,
BaikK. S.,
LeeK. H.,
SeongC. N.(2012).Gaetbulibacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from shallow coastal seawater, and emended description of the genus Gaetbulibacter
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol62, 150–154. [View Article][PubMed]
ReichenbachH.(1992). The order Cytophagales
. . In The Prokaryotes, , 2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 3631–3675. Edited by
BalowsA.,
TrüperH. G.,
DworkinM.,
HarderW.,
SchleiferK.-H.
. Berlin:: Springer;. [CrossRef]
SmibertR. M.,
KriegN. R.(1994). Phenotypic characterization. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607–654. Edited by
GerhardtP.,
MurrayR. G. E.,
WoodW. A.,
KriegN. R.
. Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
TeatherR. M.,
WoodP. J.(1982). Use of Congo red–polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. . Appl Environ Microbiol43, 777–780.[PubMed]
TindallB. J.,
Rosselló-MóraR.,
BusseH.-J.,
LudwigW.,
KämpferP.(2010). Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol60, 249–266. [View Article][PubMed]
YangS. J.,
ChoJ. C.(2008).Gaetbulibacter marinus sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater, and emended description of the genus Gaetbulibacter
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol58, 315–318. [View Article][PubMed]
Aquibacter zeaxanthinifaciens gen. nov., sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from surface seawater, and emended descriptions of the genera Aestuariibaculum and Gaetbulibacter