1887

Abstract

Two strains (T68 and T62) of a Gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium containing flexirubin-type pigments were recovered from the kidney of a cultured lake trout () and necrotic fins of a brown trout () during disease surveillance in 2009. Both isolates possessed catalase and cytochrome oxidase activities and degraded multiple substrates (e.g. gelatin, casein, elastin and Tweens 20 and 80). The mean DNA G+C content of strain T68 was 34.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that strains T68 and T62 had nearly identical sequences (≥99 % similarity) and placed the bacterium within the genus , where THG 15 (97.8 %), DSM 19109 (97.7 %) and PSD1-4 (97.6 %) were its closest relatives. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses using neighbour-joining, maximum-parsimony and Bayesian methodologies demonstrated that strains T68 and T62 formed a well-supported clade (bootstrap values of 100 and 97 %; posterior probability 0.99) that was distinct from other species of the genus . The major fatty acids of strains T68 and T62 were characteristic of the genus and included iso-C, summed feature 3 (Cω6 and/or Cω7), iso-C 3-OH, C and C 3-OH. The mean DNA–DNA relatedness of strain T68 to JCM 16719 and LMG 24952 was 24 and 21 %, respectively. Based on the results from our polyphasic characterization, strains T68 and T62 represent a novel species of the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T68 ( = LMG 27338 = ATCC BAA-2540). Emended descriptions of and are also proposed.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • Great Lakes Fishery Trust (Lansing, MI) (Award 2010-1147)
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.052373-0
2014-05-01
2024-12-06
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/64/5/1573.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.052373-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Anacker R. L., Ordal E. J. ( 1955 ). Study of a bacteriophage infecting the myxobacterium Chondrococcus columnaris . . J Bacteriol 70, 738741.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Behrendt U., Ulrich A., Schumann P. ( 2008 ). Chryseobacterium gregarium sp. nov., isolated from decaying plant material. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 10691074. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Benedetti P., Rassu M., Pavan G., Sefton A., Pellizzer G. ( 2011 ). Septic shock, pneumonia, and soft tissue infection due to Myroides odoratimimus: report of a case and review of Myroides infections. . Infection 39, 161165. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bernardet J.-F., Nakagawa Y. ( 2006 ). An introduction to the family Flavobacteriaceae . . In The Prokaryotes, , 3rd edn., vol. 7, pp. 455480. Edited by Dworkin M., Falkow S., Rosenberg E., Schleifer K. H., Stackebrandt E. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bernardet J.-F., Segers P., Vancanneyt M., Berthe F., Kersters K., Vandamme P. ( 1996 ). Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). . Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 128148. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Bernardet J.-F., Nakagawa Y., Holmes B. Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes ( 2002 ). Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 10491070. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Bernardet J.-F., Vancanneyt M., Matte-Tailliez O., Grisez L., Tailliez P., Bizet C., Nowakowski M., Kerouault B., Swings J. ( 2005 ). Polyphasic study of Chryseobacterium strains isolated from diseased aquatic animals. . Syst Appl Microbiol 28, 640660. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bernardet J.-F., Hugo C., Bruun B. ( 2011 ). Genus VII. Chryseobacterium Vandamme et al. 1994. . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 180196. Edited by Krieg N. R., Ludwig W., Whitman W. B., Hedlund B. P., Paster B. J., Staley J. T., Ward N., Brown D., Parte A. . New York:: Springer;.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Bullock G. L., Hsu T. C., Shotts E. B. ( 1986 ). Columnaris disease of salmonids. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Fish Disease Leaflet 72. .
  10. Cleenwerck I., Vandemeulebroecke K., Janssens D., Swings J. ( 2002 ). Re-examination of the genus Acetobacter, with descriptions of Acetobacter cerevisiae sp. nov. and Acetobacter malorum sp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 15511558. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. de Beer H., Hugo C. J., Jooste P. J., Vancanneyt M., Coenye T., Vandamme P. ( 2006 ). Chryseobacterium piscium sp. nov., isolated from fish of the South Atlantic Ocean off South Africa. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 13171322. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Ezaki T., Hashimoto Y., Yabuuchi E. ( 1989 ). Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 224229. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Goris J., Suzuki K., De Vos P., Nakase T., Kersters K. ( 1998 ). Evaluation of a microplate DNA-DNA hybridization method compared with the initial renaturation method. . Can J Microbiol 44, 11481153. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Haburjak J. J., Schubert T. A. ( 1997 ). Flavobacterium breve meningitis in a dog. . J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 33, 509512.[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Hall T. A. ( 1999 ). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. . Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 9598.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Hernandez-Divers S. J., Hensel P., Gladden J., Hernandez-Divers S. M., Buhlmann K. A., Hagen C., Sanchez S., Latimer K. S., Ard M., Camus A. C. ( 2009 ). Investigation of shell disease in map turtles (Graptemys spp.). . J Wildl Dis 45, 637652. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ilardi P., Fernández J., Avendaño-Herrera R. ( 2009 ). Chryseobacterium piscicola sp. nov., isolated from diseased salmonid fish. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 30013005. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Ilardi P., Abad J., Rintamäki P., Bernardet J.-F., Avendaño-Herrera R. ( 2010 ). Phenotypic, serological and molecular evidence of Chryseobacterium piscicola in farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Finland. . J Fish Dis 33, 179181. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Im W.-T., Yang J.-E., Kim S.-Y., Yi T.-H. ( 2011 ). Chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., a bacterium with ginsenoside-converting activity isolated from soil of a Rhus vernicifera-cultivated field. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 14301435. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Kämpfer P., Vaneechoutte M., Lodders N., De Baere T., Avesani V., Janssens M., Busse H. J., Wauters G. ( 2009 ). Description of Chryseobacterium anthropi sp. nov. to accommodate clinical isolates biochemically similar to Kaistella koreensis and Chryseobacterium haifense, proposal to reclassify Kaistella koreensis as Chryseobacterium koreense comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Chryseobacterium . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59, 24212428. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kämpfer P., Fallschissel K., Avendaño-Herrera R. ( 2011 ). Chryseobacterium chaponense sp. nov., isolated from farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 497501. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kim K. K., Kim M.-K., Lim J. H., Park H. Y., Lee S.-T. ( 2005 ). Transfer of Chryseobacterium meningosepticum and Chryseobacterium miricola to Elizabethkingia gen. nov. as Elizabethkingia meningoseptica comb. nov. and Elizabethkingia miricola comb... Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 12871293. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kim O. S., Cho Y. J., Lee K., Yoon S. H., Kim M., Na H., Park S. C., Jeon Y. S., Lee J. H. & other authors ( 2012 ). Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 716721. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Li H., Qiao G., Gu J. Q., Zhou W., Li Q., Woo S. H., Xu D. H., Park S. I. ( 2010 ). Phenotypic and genetic characterization of bacteria isolated from diseased cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in northeastern China. . Dis Aquat Organ 91, 223235. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Lin T.-P., Caspar T., Somerville C., Preiss J. ( 1988 ). Isolation and characterization of a starchless mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. lacking ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase activity. . Plant Physiol 86, 11311135. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Loch T. P. ( 2012 ). Identification of novel flavobacteria from Michigan and assessment of their impacts on fish health. PhD dissertation, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Michigan State University;, East Lansing, MI, USA;.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Loch T.P., Faisal M. ( 2014 ). Flavobacterium spartansii sp. nov., a pathogen of fishes, and emended descriptions of Flavobacterium aquidurense and Flavobacterium araucananum . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64, 406412. [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Loch T. P., Kumar R., Xu W., Faisal M. ( 2011 ). Carnobacterium maltaromaticum infections in feral Oncorhynchus spp. (family Salmonidae) in Michigan. . J Microbiol 49, 703713. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Mesbah M., Premachandran U., Whitman W. B. ( 1989 ). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 159167. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Montero-Calasanz M. C., Göker M., Rohde M., Spröer C., Schumann P., Busse H.-J., Schmid M., Tindall B. J., Klenk H.-P., Camacho M. ( 2013 ). Chryseobacterium hispalense sp. nov., a plant-growth-promoting bacterium isolated from a rainwater pond in an olive plant nursery, and emended descriptions of Chryseobacterium defluvii, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Chryseobacterium wanjuense and Chryseobacterium gregarium . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 43864395. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Mudarris M., Austin B. ( 1989 ). Systemic disease in turbot Scophthalmus maximus caused by a previously unrecognized Cytophaga-like bacterium. . Dis Aquat Organ 6, 161166. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Mudarris M., Austin B., Segers P., Vancanneyt M., Hoste B., Bernardet J.-F. ( 1994 ). Flavobacterium scophthalmum sp. nov., a pathogen of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). . Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 447453. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Pacha R. E., Porter S. ( 1968 ). Characteristics of myxobacteria isolated from the surface of freshwater fish. . Appl Microbiol 16, 19011906.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Rambaut A. ( 2009 ). FigTree Tree Figure Drawing Tool, version 1.3.1. . Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh;, Edinburgh, UK:.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Reichenbach H. ( 1992 ). The order Cytophagales . . In The Prokaryotes, , 2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 36313675. Edited by Balows A., Trüper H. G., Dworkin M., Harder W., Schleifer K.-H. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Ronquist F., Huelsenbeck J. P. ( 2003 ). MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. . Bioinformatics 19, 15721574. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Sacchi C. T., Whitney A. M., Mayer L. W., Morey R., Steigerwalt A., Boras A., Weyant R. S., Popovic T. ( 2002 ). Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene: a rapid tool for identification of Bacillus anthracis . . Emerg Infect Dis 8, 11171123. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Saitou N., Nei M. ( 1987 ). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. . Mol Biol Evol 4, 406425.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Sasser M. ( 1990 ). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. . Newark, DE:: MIDI Inc;.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Segers P., Mannheim W., Vancanneyt M., De Brandt K., Hinz K.-H., Kersters K., Vandamme P. ( 1993 ). Riemerella anatipestifer gen. nov., comb. nov., the causative agent of septicemia anserum exsudativa, and its phylogenetic affiliation within the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga rRNA homology group. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 43, 768776. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Shotts E. B. J., Starliper C. E. ( 1999 ). Flavobacterial diseases: columnaris disease, cold-water disease and bacterial gill disease. . In Fish Diseases and Disorders, vol. 3, pp. 559576. Edited by Woo P. T. K., Bruno D. W. . Wallingford, UK:: CAB International;.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Shotts E. B., Hsu T. C., Waltman W. D. ( 1985 ). Extracellular proteolytic activity of Aeromonas hydrophila complex. . Fish Pathol 20, 3744. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Starliper C. E. ( 2011 ). Bacterial coldwater disease of fishes caused by Flavobacterium psychrophilum . . J Adv Res 2, 97108. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Suzuki M., Nakagawa Y., Harayama S., Yamamoto S. ( 2001 ). Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic study of marine Cytophaga-like bacteria: proposal for Tenacibaculum gen. nov. with Tenacibaculum maritimum comb. nov. and Tenacibaculum ovolyticum comb. nov., and description of Tenacibaculum mesophilum sp. nov. and Tenacibaculum amylolyticum sp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 16391652. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Swofford D. L. ( 2001 ). paup 4.0. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (and other methods). . Sunderland, MA:: Sinauer Associates;.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Tamura K., Nei M., Kumar S. ( 2004 ). Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 1103011035. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Vandamme P., Bernardet J.-F., Segers P., Kersters K., Holmes B. ( 1994 ). New perspectives in the classification of the flavobacteria: description of Chryseobacterium gen. nov., Bergeyella gen. nov., and Empedobacter nom. rev.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 827831. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Wayne L. G., Brenner D. J., Colwell R. R., Grimont P. A. D., Kandler O., Krichevsky M. I., Moore L. H., Moore W. E. C., Murray R. G. E. & other authors ( 1987 ). International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 463464. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  49. Whitman K. A. ( 2004 ). Finfish and Shellfish Bacteriology Manual: Techniques and Procedures. Ames, IA:: Iowa State Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  50. Wilson K. ( 1987 ). Preparation of genomic DNA from bacteria. . In Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, pp. 2.4.12.4.5. Edited by Ausubel F. M., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. . New York:: Green Publishing & Wiley-Interscience;.
    [Google Scholar]
  51. Wu Y. F., Wu Q. L., Liu S. J. ( 2013 ). Chryseobacterium taihuense sp. nov., isolated from a eutrophic lake, and emended descriptions of the genus Chryseobacterium, Chryseobacterium taiwanense, Chryseobacterium jejuense and Chryseobacterium indoltheticum . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63, 913919. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  52. Xie Z. Y., Zhou Y. C., Wang S. F., Mei B., Xu X. D., Wen W. Y., Feng Y. Q. ( 2009 ). First isolation and identification of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica from cultured tiger frog, Rana tigerina rugulosa . . Vet Microbiol 138, 140144. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  53. Zamora L., Vela A. I., Palacios M. A., Sánchez-Porro C., Svensson-Stadler L. A., Domínguez L., Moore E. R., Ventosa A., Fernández-Garayzábal J.-F. ( 2012a ). Chryseobacterium viscerum sp. nov., isolated from diseased fish. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 29342940. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  54. Zamora L., Fernández-Garayzábal J. F., Palacios M. A., Sánchez-Porro C., Svensson-Stadler L. A., Domínguez L., Moore E. R. B., Ventosa A., Vela A. I. ( 2012b ). Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov., isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). . Syst Appl Microbiol 35, 2429. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  55. Zamora L., Vela A. I., Palacios M. A., Sánchez-Porro C., Moore E. R., Domínguez L., Ventosa A., Fernández-Garayzábal J.-F. ( 2012c ). Chryseobacterium tructae sp. nov., isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). . Syst Appl Microbiol 35, 315319. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.052373-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.052373-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error