A novel nitrogen-fixing strain, designated DQS-4T, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Taiwan and was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of strain DQS-4T stained Gram-negative, contained poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules and were motile rods, surrounded by a thin capsule. Cells displayed a strictly aerobic type of metabolism and fixed nitrogen microaerobically. Growth occurred at 10–45 °C (optimum, 35–40 °C), at pH 7.0–8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0–2 % NaCl (optimum, 0.5–1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DQS-4T belonged to the genus Azoarcus, and its closest neighbours were Azoarcus indigens VB32T and Azoarcus communis SWub3T, with sequence similarities of 97.4 and 96.4 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strain DQS-4T were summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c. The major cellular hydroxy fatty acid was C10 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 64.5 mol%. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and several uncharacterized aminophospholipids and phospholipids. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain DQS-4T and A. indigens LMG 9092T was 27.4 %. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic data, strain DQS-4T represents a novel species in the genus Azoarcus, for which the name Azoarcusolearius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DQS-4T ( = BCRC 80407T = KCTC 23918T = LMG 26893T).
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