A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, motile and spore-forming bacterium, strain 3nP4T, was isolated from the Puge hot spring located in the south-western geothermal area of China. Strain 3nP4T grew at 38–66 °C (optimum 57–60 °C), at pH 6.0–9.3 (optimum 7.0–7.5) and with 0–4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–0.5 %). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as DNA–DNA relatedness values, indicated that the isolate represents a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, related most closely to Anoxybacillus voinovskiensis DSM 12111T. Strain 3nP4T had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and one unidentified phospholipid as major polar lipids and iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids, which are both typical chemotaxonomic characteristics of the genus Anoxybacillus. The mean DNA G+C content of strain 3nP4T was 39.2±0.95 mol% (HPLC). A distinctive characteristic of the novel isolate was its extreme reliance on vitamin mixture or yeast extract for growth. Based on data from this taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach, strain 3nP4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Anoxybacillus, for which the name Anoxybacillusvitaminiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3nP4T ( = CGMCC 1.8979T = JCM 16594T).
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