gen. nov., sp. nov., a polymorphic bacterium isolated from antarctic white rock Free

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, aerobic, oligotrophic bacterium (strain 262-7) was isolated from a crack of white rock collected in the Skallen region of Antarctica. Strain 262-7 grew at temperatures between −4 and 30 °C, with optimal growth at 25 °C. The pH range for growth was between pH 6.0 and 9.0, with optimal growth at approximately pH 7.0. The NaCl concentration range allowing growth was between 0.0 and 1.0 %, with an optimum of 0.5 %. Strain 262-7 showed an unprecedented range of morphological diversity in response to growth conditions. Cells grown in liquid medium were circular or ovoid with smooth surfaces in the lag phase. In the exponential phase, ovoid cells with short projections were observed. Cells in the stationary phase possessed long tentacle-like projections intertwined intricately. By contrast, cells grown on agar plate medium or in liquid media containing organic compounds at low concentration exhibited short- and long-rod-shaped morphology. These projections and morphological variations clearly differ from those of previously described bacteria. Ubiquinone 10 was the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were Cω6 (28.2 %), Cω7 (22.6 %), Cω7 (12.9 %) and C 2-OH (12.3 %). The G+C content of genomic DNA was 68.0 mol%. Carotenoids were detected from the cells. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 262-7 belongs to the family , and that 262-7 should be distinguished from known genera in the family According to the phylogenetic position, physiological characteristics and unique morphology variations, strain 262-7 should be classified as a representative of a novel genus of the family . Here, a novel genus and species with the name gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (type strain 262-7 = JCM 18140 = ATCC BAA-2413). The novel species was named after its morphological diversity and formation of unique projections.

Funding
This study was supported by the:
  • JSPS KAKENHI (Award 23657068 and 19205022)
Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.050005-0
2014-06-01
2024-03-28
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/64/6/2034.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.050005-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Altschul S. F., Gish W., Miller W., Myers E. W., Lipman D. J. ( 1990 ). Basic local alignment search tool. . J Mol Biol 215, 403410.[PubMed] [CrossRef]
    [Google Scholar]
  2. An H., Xu M., Dai J., Wang Y., Cai F., Qi H., Peng F., Fang C. ( 2011 ). Sphingomonas xinjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from desert sand. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 18651869. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bianchi M. ( 1989 ). Unusual bloom of star-like prosthecate bacteria and filaments as a consequence of grazing pressure. . Microb Ecol 17, 137141. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Cary S. C., McDonald I. R., Barrett J. E., Cowan D. A. ( 2010 ). On the rocks: the microbiology of Antarctic Dry Valley soils. . Nat Rev Microbiol 8, 129138. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Chen C., Zheng Q., Wang Y. N., Yan X. J., Hao L. K., Du X., Jiao N. ( 2010 ). Stakelama pacifica gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from the Pacific Ocean. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60, 28572861. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Felsenstein J. ( 2009 ). phylip (phylogeny inference package), version 3.69. Distributed by the author. . Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington;, Seattle, USA:.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Fukuda W., Yamada K., Miyoshi Y., Okuno H., Atomi H., Imanaka T. ( 2012 ). Rhodoligotrophos appendicifer gen. nov., sp. nov., an appendaged bacterium isolated from a freshwater Antarctic lake. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 19451950. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Gich F., Overmann J. ( 2006 ). Sandarakinorhabdus limnophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacteriochlorophyll a-containing, obligately aerobic bacterium isolated from freshwater lakes. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 847854. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Hiraishi A., Imhoff J. ( 2005 ). Genus VII. Porphyrobacter Fuerst, Hawkins, Holms, Sly, Moore and Stackebrandt 1993, 132VP . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 275279. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Kämpfer P., Arun A. B., Young C. C., Busse H. J., Kassmannhuber J., Rosselló-Móra R., Geueke B., Rekha P. D., Chen W. M. ( 2012 ). Sphingomicrobium lutaoense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a coastal hot spring. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 13261330. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Karr E. A., Ng J. M., Belchik S. M., Sattley W. M., Madigan M. T., Achenbach L. A. ( 2006 ). Biodiversity of methanogenic and other archaea in the permanently frozen Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. . Appl Environ Microbiol 72, 16631666. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Lee K. B., Liu C. T., Anzai Y., Kim H., Aono T., Oyaizu H. ( 2005 ). The hierarchical system of the ‘Alphaproteobacteria’: description of Hyphomonadaceae fam. nov., Xanthobacteraceae fam. nov. and Erythrobacteraceae fam. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 19071919. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Maruyama T., Park H. D., Ozawa K., Tanaka Y., Sumino T., Hamana K., Hiraishi A., Kato K. ( 2006 ). Sphingosinicella microcystinivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a microcystin-degrading bacterium. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 8589. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Matsuyama H., Katoh H., Ohkushi T., Satoh A., Kawahara K., Yumoto I. ( 2008 ). Sphingobacterium kitahiroshimense sp. nov., isolated from soil. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58, 15761579. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Prisco G. D. ( 2007 ). Lake Vostok and subglacial lakes of Antarctica: do they host life?. In Physiology and Biochemistry of Extremophiles, pp. 145154. Edited by Gerday C., Glansdorff N. . New York:: American Society for Microbiology;.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Priscu J. C., Fritsen C. H., Adams E. E., Giovannoni S. J., Paerl H. W., McKay C. P., Doran P. T., Gordon D. A., Lanoil B. D., Pinckney J. L. ( 1998 ). Perennial Antarctic lake ice: an oasis for life in a polar desert. . Science 280, 20952098. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Rothschild L. J., Mancinelli R. L. ( 2001 ). Life in extreme environments. . Nature 409, 10921101. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Saga Y., Osumi S., Higuchi H., Tamiaki H. ( 2005 ). Bacteriochlorophyll-c homolog composition in green sulfur photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium vibrioforme dependent on the concentration of sodium sulfide in liquid cultures. . Photosynth Res 86, 123130. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Sly L. I., Hugenholtz P. ( 2005 ). Genus II. Blastomonas Sly and Cahill 1997, 567VP emend. Hiraishi, Kuraishi and Kawahara 2000a, 1117. . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 258263. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Sprenger G. A., Swings J. ( 2005 ). Genus IX. Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 399AL . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 282286. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Staley J. T. ( 1968 ). Prosthecomicrobium and Ancalomicrobium: new prosthecate freshwater bacteria. . J Bacteriol 95, 19211942.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Staley J. T. ( 1984 ). Prosthecomicrobium-Hirschii, a new species in a redefined genus. . Int J Syst Bacteriol 34, 304308. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Takeuchi M., Hamana K., Hiraishi A. ( 2001 ). Proposal of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto and three new genera, Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Sphingopyxis, on the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic analyses. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 14051417.[PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. ( 1994 ). clustal w: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. . Nucleic Acids Res 22, 46734680. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Tindall B. J. ( 2004 ). Prokaryotic diversity in the Antarctic: the tip of the iceberg. . Microb Ecol 47, 271283. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Uchida H., Hamana K., Miyazaki M., Yoshida T., Nogi Y. ( 2012 ). Parasphingopyxis lamellibrachiae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a marine annelid worm. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62, 22242228. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Wittich R. M., Busse H. J., Kämpfer P., Macedo A. J., Tiirola M., Wieser M., Abraham W. R. ( 2007 ). Sphingomonas fennica sp. nov. and Sphingomonas haloaromaticamans sp. nov., outliers of the genus Sphingomonas . . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 17401746. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Wortinger M. A., Quardokus E. M., Brun Y. V. ( 1998 ). Morphological adaptation and inhibition of cell division during stationary phase in Caulobacter crescentus . . Mol Microbiol 29, 963973. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Yabuuchi E., Kosako Y. ( 2005a ). Family I. Sphingomonadaceae Kosako, Yabuuchi, Naka, Fujiwara, and Kobayashi 2000b, 1953VP . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, p. 230233. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Yabuuchi E., Kosako Y. ( 2005b ). Genus I. Sphingomonas Yabuuchi, Yano, Oyaizu, Hashimoto, Ezaki and Yamamoto 1990b, 321VP . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 234258. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Yamada K., Fukuda W., Kondo Y., Miyoshi Y., Atomi H., Imanaka T. ( 2011 ). Constrictibacter antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a cryptoendolithic micro-organism from Antarctic white rock. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 61, 19731980. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Young K. D. ( 2007 ). Bacterial morphology: why have different shapes?. Curr Opin Microbiol 10, 596600. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Yurkov V. ( 2005a ). Genus VIII. Sandaracinobacter Yurkov, Stackebrandt, Buss, Vermeglio, Gorlenko and Beatty 1997, 1177VP . . In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 279282. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yurkov V. V. ( 2005b ). Genus VI. Erythromonas Yurkov, Stackebrandt, Buss, Vermeglio, Gorlenko and Beatty 1997, 1177VP . . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, , 2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 274275. Edited by Brenner D. J., Kreig N. R., Staley J. T., Garrity G. M. . New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Yurkov V., Stackebrandt E., Buss O., Vermeglio A., Gorlenko V., Beatty J. T. ( 1997 ). Reorganization of the genus Erythromicrobium: description of “Erythromicrobium sibiricum” as Sandaracinobacter sibiricus gen. nov., sp. nov., and of “Erythromicrobium ursincola” as Erythromonas ursincola gen. nov., sp. nov.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 11721178. [View Article] [PubMed]
    [Google Scholar]
http://instance.metastore.ingenta.com/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.050005-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.050005-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

Supplementary material 1

PDF

Most cited Most Cited RSS feed