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Strain VN07A0015T was isolated from soil collected on Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. The taxonomic position of strain VN07A0015T was near Streptomyces aomiensis M24DS4T (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Streptomyces scabrisporus NBRC 100760T (95.6 %), and it clustered within them; however, this cluster was distant from the type strains of other species of the genus Streptomyces . The aerial mycelia of strain VN07A0015T were greyish and formed imperfect spiral spore chains (retinaculiaperti type) with smooth-surfaced spores. The morphological features of strain VN07A0015T were different from those of the type strains of S. aomiensis and S. scabrisporus . The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain VN07A0015T were typical for all members of the genus Streptomyces , which possessed ll-type diaminopimelic acid, menaquinone MK-9(H6, H8) and the major fatty acids iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain VN07A0015T and S. aomiensis NBRC 106164T was less than 30 %. In addition, some physiological and biochemical traits differed from those of S. aomiensis . Therefore, we propose that strain VN07A0015T be classified in the genus Streptomyces as a representative of Streptomyces catbensis sp. nov. (type strain VN07A0015T = VTCC-A-1889T = NBRC 107860T).