A Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain T26T, was isolated from subsurface soil of Tianjin coal mine, China. Colonies were yellow–white, convex, circular, smooth and non-transparent on R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain T26T was closely related to members of the genus Cellulomonas and a member of the genus Actinotalea with 96.8–94.7 % and 96.7 % gene sequence similarities, respectively. The peptidoglycan type of strain T26T was A4β, containing l-ornithine–d-glutamic acid as the interpeptide bridge. The cell-wall sugars were rhamnose, galactose, xylose and inositol. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were anteiso-C15 : 0 (33.6 %), anteiso-C15 : 1 A (22.1 %), C16 : 0 (14.4 %) and C14 : 0 (12.1 %). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H4) and the genomic DNA G+C content was 74.4 mol%. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol-mannosides and phosphatidylinositol. Comparison of phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics between strain T26T and related organisms revealed that the new isolate represented a novel species of the genus Cellulomonas, for which the name Cellulomonas carbonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T26T ( = CGMCC 1.10786T = KCTC 19824T = CCTCC AB2010450T).
Published Online:
Funding
This study was supported by the:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Award 31010103903)
AnD.-S.,
ImW.-T.,
YangH.-C.,
KangM. S.,
KimK. K.,
JinL.,
KimM. K.,
LeeS.-T.2005; Cellulomonas terrae sp. nov., a cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacterium isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1705–1709 [View Article][PubMed]
BergeyD. H.,
HarrisonF. C.,
BreedR. S.,
HammerB. W.,
HuntoonF. M.
(editors) 1923Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins;
BrownJ. M.,
FrazierR. P.,
MoreyR. E.,
SteigerwaltA. G.,
PellegriniG. J.,
DaneshvarM. I.,
HollisD. G.,
McNeilM. M.2005; Phenotypic and genetic characterization of clinical isolates of CDC coryneform group A-3: proposal of a new species of Cellulomonas, Cellulomonas denverensis sp. nov.. J Clin Microbiol 43:1732–1737 [View Article][PubMed]
CollinsM. D.,
PascualC.2000; Reclassification of Actinomyces humiferus (Gledhill and Casida) as Cellulomonas humilata nom. corrig., comb. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:661–663 [View Article][PubMed]
FunkeG.,
RamosC. P.,
CollinsM. D.1995; Identification of some clinical strains of CDC coryneform group A-3 and A-4 bacteria as Cellulomonas species and proposal of Cellulomonas hominis sp. nov. for some group A-3 strains. J Clin Microbiol 33:2091–2097[PubMed]
GuindonS.,
LethiecF.,
DurouxP.,
GascuelO.2005; PHYML Online–a web server for fast maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic inference. Nucleic Acids Res 33:Web Server issueW557–W559 [View Article][PubMed]
HinzK. H.,
RyllM.,
KöhlerB.1998; Detection of acid production from carbohydrates by Riemerella anatipestifer and related organisms using the buffered single substrate test. Vet Microbiol 60:277–284 [View Article][PubMed]
JonesB. E.,
GrantW. D.,
DuckworthA. W.,
SchumannP.,
WeissN.,
StackebrandtE.2005; Cellulomonas bogoriensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic cellulomonad. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1711–1714 [View Article][PubMed]
KroppenstedtR. M.1985; Fatty acid and menaquinone analysis of actinomycetes and related organisms. In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics (SAB Technical Series no. 20) pp. 173–199 Edited by
GoodfellowM.,
MinnikinD. E.
London: Academic Press;
LeeC. M.,
WeonH. Y.,
HongS. B.,
JeonY. A.,
SchumannP.,
KroppenstedtR. M.,
KwonS. W.,
StackebrandtE.2008; Cellulomonas aerilata sp. nov., isolated from an air sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2925–2929 [View Article][PubMed]
MesbahM.,
PremachandranU.,
WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167 [View Article]
MinnikinD. E.,
O’DonnellA. G.,
GoodfellowM.,
AldersonG.,
AthalyeM.,
SchaalA.,
ParlettJ. H.1984; An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2:233–241 [View Article]
RhoadesK. R.,
RimlerR. B.,
SandhuT. S.1989; Pasteurellosis and pseudotuberculosis. In A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens, 3rd edn. pp. 14–21 Edited by
PurchaseH. G.,
ArpL. H.,
DomermuthC. H.,
PearsonJ. E.
Kennet Square, PA: American Association of Avian Pathologists;
RivasR.,
TrujilloM. E.,
MateosP. F.,
Martínez-MolinaE.,
VelázquezE.2004; Cellulomonas xylanilytica sp. nov., a cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacterium isolated from a decayed elm tree. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54:533–536 [View Article][PubMed]
SmibertR. M.,
KriegN. R.1994; Phenotypic characterization. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology pp. 607–654 Edited by
GerhardtP.,
MurrayR. G. E.,
WoodW. A.,
KriegN. R.
Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
StackebrandtE.,
KandlerO.1979; Taxonomy of the genus Cellulomonas, based on phenotypic characters and deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology, and proposal of seven neotype strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 29:273–282 [View Article]
StackebrandtE.,
KeddieR. M.1986; Genus Cellulomonas
. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriologyvol. 2 pp. 1325–1329 Edited by
SneathP. H. A.,
MairN. S.,
SharpeM. E.,
HoltJ. G.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
StackebrandtE.,
PrauserH.1991; The family Cellulomonadaceae
. In The Prokaryotes pp. 1323–1345 Edited by
BalowsA.,
TrüperH. G.,
DworkinM.,
HarderW.,
SchleiferK.-H.
New York, NY: Springer-Verlag;
StackebrandtE.,
BreymannS.,
SteinerU.,
PrauserH.,
WeissN.,
SchumannP.2002; Re-evaluation of the status of the genus Oerskovia, reclassification of Promicromonospora enterophila (Jáger et al. 1983) as Oerskovia enterophila comb. nov. and description of Oerskovia jenensis sp. nov. and Oerskovia paurometabola sp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1105–1111 [View Article][PubMed]
StackebrandtE.,
SchumannP.,
PrauserH.2006; The Family Cellulomonadaceae
. In The Prokaryotes: a Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, 3rd edn. pp. 983–1001 Edited by
DworkinM.,
FalkowS.,
RosenbergE.,
SchleiferK. H.,
StackebrandtE.
New York: Springer;
ThompsonJ. D.,
GibsonT. J.,
PlewniakF.,
JeanmouginF.,
HigginsD. G.1997; The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882 [View Article][PubMed]
WeegerW.,
LièvremontD.,
PerretM.,
LagardeF.,
HubertJ. C.,
LeroyM.,
LettM. C.1999; Oxidation of arsenite to arsenate by a bacterium isolated from an aquatic environment. Biometals 12:141–149 [View Article][PubMed]
YiH.,
SchumannP.,
ChunJ.2007; Demequina aestuarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinomycete of the suborder Micrococcineae, and reclassification of Cellulomonas fermentans Bagnara et al. 1985 as Actinotalea fermentans gen. nov., comb. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:151–156 [View Article][PubMed]