Brevibacillus nitrificans sp. nov., a nitrifying bacterium isolated from a microbiological agent for enhancing microbial digestion in sewage treatment tanks
A heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, designated strain DA2T, was isolated from a microbiological agent for enhancing microbial digestion in sewage treatment tanks. Cells of strain DA2T were Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, sporulating rods that were motile by means of peritrichous flagella; they were able to grow at pH 5–8. The major isoprenoid quinone of strain DA2T was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and its cellular fatty acid profile consisted mainly of iso-C15 : 0 (18.6 %) and anteiso-C15 : 0 (69.1 %). The DNA G+C content was 54.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny suggested that strain DA2T is a member of the genus Brevibacillus, with highest sequence similarities (in parentheses) to the type strains of Brevibacillus choshinensis (99.7 %), B. formosus (99.4 %), B. brevis (99.4 %), B. agri (99.0 %), B. reuszeri (98.8 %), B. parabrevis (98.7 %), B. centrosporus (98.6 %), B. limnophilus (97.4 %), B. panacihumi (97.3 %) and B. invocatus (97.3 %). DNA–DNA hybridization showed less than 60 % relatedness between strain DA2T and type strains of the most closely related species given above. Given the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a novel species, for which the name Brevibacillus nitrificans is proposed; the type strain of this species is DA2T ( = JCM 15774T = NCIMB 14531T).
BarrowG. I.,
FelthamR. K. A.
(editors) 1993Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; [View Article]
CarreraJ.,
TorrijosM.,
BaezaJ. A.,
LafuenteJ.,
VicentT.2003; Inhibition of nitrification by fluoride in high-strength ammonium wastewater in activated sludge. Process Biochem 39:73–79 [View Article]
CollinsM. D.,
JonesD.1980; Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Bacteriol 48:459–470[CrossRef]
EzakiT.,
HashimotoY.,
YabuuchiE.1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229 [View Article]
GuindonS.,
GascuelO.2003; A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol 52:696–704 [View Article][PubMed]
HughR.,
LeifsonE.1953; The taxonomic significance of fermentative versus oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates by various gram negative bacteria. J Bacteriol 66:24–26[PubMed]
KimuraM.1980; A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16:111–120 [View Article][PubMed]
LoganN. A.,
De VosP.2009; Genus IV. Brevibacillus Shida, Takagi, Kadowaki and Komagata 1996a, 942VP
. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, 2nd edn. vol. 3 pp. 305–316 Edited by
De VosP.,
GarrityG. M.,
JonesD.,
KriegN. R.,
LudwigW.,
RaineyF. A.,
SchleiferK.-H.,
WhitmanW. B.
New York: Springer;
LoganN. A.,
ForsythG.,
LebbeL.,
GorisJ.,
HeyndrickxM.,
BalcaenA.,
VerhelstA.,
FalsenE.,
LjunghÅ.
other authors 2002; Polyphasic identification of Bacillus and Brevibacillus strains from clinical, dairy and industrial specimens and proposal of Brevibacillus invocatus sp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:953–966 [View Article][PubMed]
MinnikinD. E.,
CollinsM. D.,
GoodfellowM.1979; Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Bacteriol 47:87–95[CrossRef]
RuizG.,
JeisonD.,
ChamyR.2003; Nitrification with high nitrite accumulation for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia concentration. Water Res 37:1371–1377 [View Article][PubMed]
SchmidtI.,
SliekersO.,
SchmidM.,
BockE.,
FuerstJ.,
KuenenJ. G.,
JettenM. S. M.,
StrousM.2003; New concepts of microbial treatment processes for the nitrogen removal in wastewater. FEMS Microbiol Rev 27:481–492 [View Article][PubMed]
ShidaO.,
TakagiH.,
KadowakiK.,
KomagataK.1996; Proposal for two new genera, Brevibacillus gen. nov. and Aneurinibacillus gen. nov.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:939–946 [View Article][PubMed]
TamaokaJ.,
KomagataK.1984; Determination of DNA base composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 25:125–128 [View Article]
ThompsonJ. D.,
HigginsD. G.,
GibsonT. J.1994; clustalw: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680 [View Article][PubMed]
YanL.,
HeY.-L.,
KongH.-N.,
TanakaS.,
LinY.2006; Isolation of a new heterotrophic nitrifying Bacillus sp. strain. J Environ Biol 27:Suppl.323–326[PubMed]
Brevibacillus nitrificans sp. nov., a nitrifying bacterium isolated from a microbiological agent for enhancing microbial digestion in sewage treatment tanks