Four aerobic bacteria, designated MP5ACTX2T, MP5ACTX8T, MP5ACTX9T and S6CTX5AT, were isolated from tundra soil of north-western Finland (69° 03′ N 20° 50′ E). Cells of all isolates were Gram-negative, non-motile rods. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that they belonged to the genus Granulicella of subdivision 1 of the phylum Acidobacteria. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the new isolates and the type strains of Granulicella aggregans, Granulicella paludicola, Granulicella pectinivorans and Granulicella rosea ranged from 94 to 99 %. Analysis of the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) gene sequence indicated that the isolates represented novel species of the genus Granulicella (<92 % rpoB sequence similarity between the isolates and members of the genus Granulicella). This was also confirmed by low DNA–DNA relatedness (31 %) between strain S6CTX5AT and the type strain of G. pectinivorans, which exhibited 99.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 91.7 % rpoB gene sequence similarity. The isolates grew at pH 3.5–6.5 and at 4–26 °C. Sugars were the preferred growth substrates. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8. The DNA G+C content was 56–60 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic and physiological data, the isolates represent four novel species of the genus Granulicella, for which the names Granulicella arctica MP5ACTX2T ( = ATCC BAA-1858T = DSM 23128T), Granulicella mallensis MP5ACTX8T ( = ATCC BAA-1857T = DSM 23137T), Granulicella tundricola MP5ACTX9T (ATCC BAA-1859T = DSM 23138T) and Granulicella sapmiensis S6CTX5AT ( = LMG 26174T = DSM 23136T) are proposed. An emended description of the genus Granulicella is also presented.
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Funding
This study was supported by the:
Academy of Finland
(Award 123725 and 106208)
National Science Foundation
(Award IPY 0732956)
Lapland Regional Fund of the Finnish Cultural Foundation
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