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A Gram-negative, spiral or rod-shaped, non-spore-forming diazotrophic bacterium, designated CC-Nfb-7T, was isolated from agricultural soil in Yunlin County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CC-Nfb-7T was most closely related to Azospirillum brasilense DSM 1690T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Azospirillum rugosum IMMIB AFH-6T (96.8 %) and Azospirillum oryzae JCM 21588T (96.6 %); <96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity was found with all other members of the genus Azospirillum . DNA–DNA relatedness between strain CC-Nfb-7T and A. brasilense DSM 1690T, A. rugosum DSM 19657T and A. oryzae JCM 21588T was 38.9, 30.1 and 31.8 %, respectively. The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (consisting of C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c), summed feature 3 (consisting of C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), summed feature 2 (consisting of C14 : 0 3-OH and/or iso-C16 : 1 I), C16 : 0, C18 : 0 2-OH and C16 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids consisted mainly of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and one unidentified phospholipid. Furthermore, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine and one unidentified aminophospholipid were also detected. Strain CC-Nfb-7T could be distinguished from members of phylogenetically related species by differences in phenotypic properties. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain CC-Nfb-7T represents a novel species within the genus Azospirillum , for which we propose the name Azospirillum formosense sp. nov. The type strain is CC-Nfb-7T ( = BCRC 80273T = JCM 17639T = DSM 24137T).
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