A novel actinobacterium, designated YIM 65623T, was isolated from a surface-sterilized stem of Artemisia annua L. Strain YIM 65623T had morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia. Growth occurred with 0–7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0–3 %), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum pH 6.0) and at 10–37 °C (optimum 20–28 °C). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIM 65623T constituted a distinct sublineage within the genus Nocardia and displayed 94.1–98.2 % sequence similarity to members of established species in the genus Nocardia. However, DNA–DNA relatedness and physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that strain YIM 65623T could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.6 mol%. It is proposed that strain YIM 65623T be classified as a representative of a novel species, Nocardia artemisiae sp. nov. The type strain is YIM 65623T ( = DSM 45379T = CCTCC AA 209038T).
Published Online:
Funding
This study was supported by the:
National Basic Research Program of China
(Award 2010CB833801)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
(Award U0932601)
CollinsM. D.,
JonesD.1980; Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Bacteriol 48:459–470[CrossRef]
CollinsM. D.,
PirouzT.,
GoodfellowM.,
MinnikinD. E.1977; Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 100:221–230[PubMed][CrossRef]
ConvilleP. S.,
FischerS. H.,
CartwrightC. P.,
WitebskyF. G.2000; Identification of nocardia species by restriction endonuclease analysis of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene. J Clin Microbiol 38:158–164[PubMed]
EzakiT.,
HashimotoY.,
YabuuchiE.1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229 [View Article]
FelsensteinJ.2002; phylip (phylogeny inference package), version 3.6a. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
FitchW. M.1971; Toward defining the course of evolution: minimum change for a specific tree topology. Syst Zool 20:406–416 [View Article]
GoodfellowM.1992; The family Nocardiaceae
. In The Prokaryotes, 2nd edn. pp. 1188–1213 Edited by
BalowsA.,
TrüperH. G.,
DworkinM.,
HarderW.,
SchleiferK. H.
New York: Springer;
GoodfellowM.,
LechevalierM. P.1989; Genus Nocardia Trevisan 1889, 9AL
. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriologyvol. 4 pp. 2350–2361 Edited by
WilliamsS. T.,
SharpeM. E.,
HoltJ. G.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
GordonR. E.,
BarnettD. A.,
HanderhanJ. E.,
PangC. H.-N.1974; Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica, and the nocardin strain. Int J Syst Bacteriol 24:54–63 [View Article]
GuindonS.,
GascuelO.2003; A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol 52:696–704 [View Article][PubMed]
KaewklaO.,
FrancoC. M. M.2010; Nocardia callitridis sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a surface-sterilized root of an Australian native pine tree. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 60:1532–1536 [View Article][PubMed]
KämpferP.,
HuberB.,
BuczolitsS.,
ThummesK.,
Grün-WollnyI.,
BusseH.-J.2007; Nocardia acidivorans sp. nov., isolated from soil of the island of Stromboli. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1183–1187 [View Article][PubMed]
KellyK. L.1964Inter-Society Color Council – National Bureau of Standards Color Name Charts Illustrated with Centroid Colors Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office;
KiskaD. L.,
HicksK.,
PettitD. J.2002; Identification of medically relevant Nocardia species with an abbreviated battery of tests. J Clin Microbiol 40:1346–1351 [View Article][PubMed]
LechevalierM. P.,
LechevalierH. A.1970; Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 20:435–443 [View Article]
LiW.-J.,
XuP.,
SchumannP.,
ZhangY.-Q.,
PukallR.,
XuL.-H.,
StackebrandtE.,
JiangC.-L.2007; Georgenia ruanii sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from forest soil in Yunnan (China), and emended description of the genus Georgenia
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57:1424–1428 [View Article][PubMed]
MesbahM.,
PremachandranU.,
WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167 [View Article]
MinnikinD. E.,
CollinsM. D.,
GoodfellowM.1979; Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Bacteriol 47:87–95[CrossRef]
RothA.,
AndreesS.,
KroppenstedtR. M.,
HarmsenD.,
MauchH.2003; Phylogeny of the genus Nocardia based on reassessed 16S rRNA gene sequences reveals underspeciation and division of strains classified as Nocardia asteroides into three established species and two unnamed taxons. J Clin Microbiol 41:851–856 [View Article][PubMed]
SmibertR. M.,
KriegN. R.1994; Phenotypic characterization. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology pp. 607–654 Edited by
GerhardtP.,
MurrayR. G. E.,
WoodW. A.,
KriegN. R.
Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
StackebrandtE.,
GoebelB. M.1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:846–849 [View Article]
StackebrandtE.,
RaineyF. A.,
Ward-RaineyN. L.1997; Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov.. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:479–491 [View Article]
TangS.-K.,
WangY.,
ChenY.,
LouK.,
CaoL.-L.,
XuL.-H.,
LiW.-J.2009; Zhihengliuella alba sp. nov., and emended description of the genus Zhihengliuella
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59:2025–2032 [View Article][PubMed]
ThompsonJ. D.,
GibsonT. J.,
PlewniakF.,
JeanmouginF.,
HigginsD. G.1997; The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882 [View Article][PubMed]
Trevisan, V. (1889).I Generi e le Specie delle Batteriacee. Milan: Zanaboni & Gabuzzi (in Italian).
WallaceR. J.Jr,
BrownB. A.,
TsukamuraM.,
BrownJ. M.,
OnyiG. O.1991; Clinical and laboratory features of Nocardia nova
. J Clin Microbiol 29:2407–2411[PubMed]
XuP.,
LiW.-J.,
TangS.-K.,
ZhangY.-Q.,
ChenG.-Z.,
ChenH.-H.,
XuL.-H.,
JiangC.-L.2005; Naxibacter alkalitolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family ‘Oxalobacteraceae’ isolated from China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1149–1153 [View Article][PubMed]
YassinA. F.,
BrennerS.2005; Nocardia elegans sp. nov., a member of the Nocardia vaccinii clade isolated from sputum. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1505–1509 [View Article][PubMed]