Strains HM2-1 and HM2-2T were isolated from the faeces of a healthy infant and were characterized by determining their phenotypic and biochemical features and phylogenetic positions based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. They were Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-gas-producing, and catalase-negative non-motile rods. They did not grow at 15 or 45 °C in anaerobic bacterial culture medium, and their DNA G+C content was in the range 56–59 mol%. In enzyme activity tests, strains HM2-1 and HM2-2T were positive for α/β-galactosidases and α/β-glucosidases but negative for β-glucuronidase and cystine arylamidase. An analysis of the cell-wall composition of strains HM2-1 and HM2-2T revealed the presence of glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. The presence of fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase shows that isolates HM2-1 and HM2-2T are members of the genus Bifidobacterium. These two isolates belong to the same species of the genus Bifidobacterium. Strain HM2-2T was found to be related to Bifidobacterium catenulatum JCM 1194T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity: 1480/1520 bp), Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200T (97.2 %: 1472/1514 bp), Bifidobacterium dentium ATCC 27534T (96.7 %: 1459/1509 bp) and Bifidobacterium angulatum ATCC 27535T (96.5 %: 1462/1515 bp). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strains HM2-1 and HM2-2T were 16 : 0 and 18 : 1ω9c, with proportions greater than 18 % of the total. Phylogenetic analyses involving phenotypic characterization, DNA–DNA hybridization and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing proves that the strains represent a novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium, for which the name Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HM2-2T ( = JCM 15439T = DSM 21854T).
BiavatiB.,
MattarelliP.1991; Bifidobacterium ruminantium sp. nov. and Bifidobacterium merycicum sp. nov. from the rumens of cattle. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:163–168 [View Article][PubMed]
BrennerD. M.,
MoellerM. J.,
CheyW. D.,
SchoenfeldP. S.2009; The utility of probiotics in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. Am J Gastroenterol 104:1033–1049, quiz 1050 [View Article][PubMed]
DelcenserieV.,
BechouxN.,
ChinaB.,
DaubeG.,
GaviniF.2005; A PCR method for detection of bifidobacteria in raw milk and raw milk cheese: comparison with culture-based methods. J Microbiol Methods 61:55–67 [View Article][PubMed]
EzakiT.,
HashimotoY.,
YabuuchiE.1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229 [View Article]
GaviniF.,
PourcherA. M.,
NeutC.,
MongetD.,
RomondC.,
OgerC.,
IzardD.1991; Phenotypic differentiation of bifidobacteria of human and animal origins. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:548–557 [View Article][PubMed]
JianW.,
ZhuL.,
DongX.2001; New approach to phylogenetic analysis of the genus Bifidobacterium based on partial HSP60 gene sequences. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:1633–1638 [View Article][PubMed]
MikkelsenL. L.,
BendixenC.,
JakobsenM.,
JensenB. B.2003; Enumeration of bifidobacteria in gastrointestinal samples from piglets. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:654–658 [View Article][PubMed]
SakataS.,
KitaharaM.,
SakamotoM.,
HayashiH.,
FukuyamaM.,
BennoY.2002; Unification of Bifidobacterium infantis and Bifidobacterium suis as Bifidobacterium longum
. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:1945–1951 [View Article][PubMed]
ScardoviV.1986; Genus Bifidobacterium
. In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriologyvol. 2 pp. 1418–1434 Edited by
SneathP. H. A.,
MairN. S.,
SharpeM. E.,
HoltJ. G.
Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
ScardoviV.,
CrocianiF.1974; Bifidobacterium catenulatum, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Bifidobacterium angulatum: three new species and their deoxyribonucleic acid homology relationships. Int J Syst Bacteriol 24:6–20 [View Article]
ScardoviV.,
TrovatelliL. D.,
BiavatiB.,
ZaniG.1979; Bifidobacterium cuniculi, Bifidobacterium choerinum, Bifidobacterium boum, and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum: four new species and their deoxyribonucleic acid homology relationships. Int J Syst Bacteriol 29:291–311 [View Article]
TanY.,
WuM.,
LiuH.,
DongX.,
GuoZ.,
SongZ.,
LiY.,
CuiY.,
SongY. et al.
other authors 2010; Cellular fatty acids as chemical markers for differentiation of Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
. Lett Appl Microbiol 50:104–111 [View Article][PubMed]
ThompsonJ. D.,
HigginsD. G.,
GibsonT. J.1994; clustalw: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22:4673–4680 [View Article][PubMed]
VenturaM.,
ZinkR.,
FitzgeraldG. F.,
van SinderenD.2005; Gene structure and transcriptional organization of the dnaK operon of Bifidobacterium breve UCC 2003 and application of the operon in bifidobacterial tracing. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:487–500 [View Article][PubMed]
WayneL. G.,
BrennerD. J.,
ColwellR. R.,
GrimontP. A. D.,
KandlerO.,
KrichevskyM. I.,
MooreL. H.,
MooreW. E. C.,
MurrayR. G. E. et al.
other authors 1987; International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37:463–464 [View Article]
ZhuL.,
LiW.,
DongX.2003; Species identification of genus Bifidobacterium based on partial HSP60 gene sequences and proposal of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum subsp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:1619–1623 [View Article][PubMed]