Many studies on Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (L. casei) have been carried out using strain ATCC 393 (pLZ15−). Four strains of L. casei ATCC 393T and three of ATCC 393 (pLZ15−) were compared using phenotypic methods and many of the available genotyping techniques. These tests showed that strains of ATCC 393T obtained from independent public type-culture collections were significantly different from the plasmid-free (pLZ15−) strains of ATCC 393T. These findings were confirmed by sequencing the first 580 nt (domain I) of the 16S and 23S rDNAs of the strains. Complete sequencing of the 16S rDNA of one representative strain from each group revealed that strain ATCC 393T from culture collections was 99 % similar to Lactobacillus zeae ATCC 15820T and that the strain so far considered as L. casei ATCC 393 (pLZ15−) was, in turn, 100 % similar to L. casei ATCC 334 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei ATCC 4022. All data obtained in this work indicate that the ancestral strain of ATCC 393 (pLZ15−) might never have been the strain that is now available from culture collections.
AlvarezM. A., RodriguezA., SuarezJ. E.1999; Stable expression of the Lactobacillus casei bacteriophage A2 repressor blocks phage propagation during milk fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 86:812–816[CrossRef]
Billot-KleinD., LegrandR., SchootB., van HeinjenoortJ., GutmannL.1997; Peptidoglycan structure of Lactobacillus casei , a species highly resistant to glycopeptide antibiotics. J Bacteriol 179:6208–6212
BourgetN., SimonetJ. M., DecarisB.1993; Analysis of the genome of the five Bifidobacterium breve strains: plasmid content, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genome size estimation and rrn loci number. FEMS Microbiol Lett 110:11–20[CrossRef]
ChaillouS., PouwelsP. H., PostmaP. W.1999; Transport of d-xylose in Lactobacillus pentosus , Lactobacillus casei , and Lactobacillus plantarum : evidence for a mechanism of facilitated diffusion via the phospho enol pyruvate : mannose phosphotransferase system. J Bacteriol 181:4768–4773
ChenH., LimC. K., LeeY. K., ChanY. N.2000; Comparative analysis of the genes encoding 23S–5S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of Lactobacillus casei -related strains. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50:471–478[CrossRef]
CollinsM. D., PhillipsB. A., ZanoniP.1989; Deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies of Lactobacillus casei , Lactobacillus paracasei sp. nov., subsp. paracasei and subsp. tolerans , and Lactobacillus rhamnosus sp. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:105–108[CrossRef]
CoullonS., ChemardinP., GueguenY., ArnaudA., GlazyP.1998; Purification and characterization of an intracellular β-glucosidase from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 74:104–114
DellaglioF., BottazziV., VescovoM.1975; Deoxyribonucleic acid homology among Lactobacillus species of the subgenus Streptobacterium Orla-Jensen. Int J Syst Bacteriol 25:160–172[CrossRef]
DellaglioF., DicksL. M. T., Du ToitM., TorrianiS. et al.1991; Designation of ATCC 334 in place of ATCC 393 (NCDO 161) as the neotype strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei (Collins et al 1981 Request for an opinion. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41:340–342[CrossRef]
DicksL. M. T., Du PleissE. M., DellaglioF., LauerE.1996; Reclassification of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 15820 as Lactobacillus zeae nom. rev., designation of ATCC 334 as the neotype of L. casei subsp. casei , and rejection of the name Lactobacillus paracasei . Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:337–340[CrossRef]
DossonnetV., MonederoV., ZagorecM., GalinierA., Pérez-MartínezG., DeutscherJ.2000; Phosphorylation of HPr by the bifunctional HPr Kinase/P-ser-HPr phosphatase from Lactobacillus casei controls catabolite repression and inducer exclusion but not inducer expulsion. J Bacteriol 182:2582–2590[CrossRef]
FelisG. E., DellaglioF., MizziL., TorrianiS.2001; Comparative sequence analysis of a recA gene fragment brings new evidence for a change in the taxonomy of the Lactobacillus casei group. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51:2113–2117[CrossRef]
FerreroM., CesenaC., MorelliL., ScolariG., VescovoM.1996; Molecular characterization of Lactobacillus casei strains. FEMS Microbiology Lett 140:215–219[CrossRef]
FlickingerJ. L., PorterE. V., ChassyB. M.1986; Molecular cloning of a plasmid-encoded β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus casei . In Abstracts of the 86th General Meeting of the American Society of Microbiology 1986, abstract H-179 p 156 Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
GosalbesM. J., MonederoV., AlpertC.-A., Pérez-MartínezG.1997; Establishing a model to study the regulation of the lactose operon in Lactobacillus casei . FEMS Microbiol Lett 148:83–89[CrossRef]
GosalbesM. J., MonederoV., Pérez-MartínezG.1999; Elements involved in catabolite repression and induction of the lactose operon in Lactobacillus casei . J Bacteriol 181:3928–3934
GosalbesM. J., EstebanC. D., GalánJ. L., Pérez-MartínezG.2000; Integrative food-grade expression system based on the lactose regulon of Lactobacillus casei . Appl Environ Microbiol 66:4822–4828[CrossRef]
GosalbesM. J., Pérez-ArellanoI., EstebanC. D., GalánJ. L., Pérez-MartínezG.2001; Use of lac regulatory elements for gene expression in Lactobacillus casei . Lait 81:29–35[CrossRef]
HegaziF. Z., Abo-ElangaI. G.1987; Proteolytic activity of crude cell-free extract of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum . Nahrung 31:225–232[CrossRef]
HemmeD., GaierW., WintersD. A., FoucaudC., VogelR. F.1994; Expression of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 β-galactosidase encoded by plasmid pLZ15 in Lactococcus lactis CNRZ 1123. Lett Appl Microbiol 19:345–348[CrossRef]
HenselR., MayrU., StetterK. O., KandlerO.1977; Comparative studies of lactic acid dehydrogenases in lactic acid bacteria. I. Purification and kinetics of the allosteric l-lactic acid dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei and Lactobacillus curvatus . Arch Microbiol 112:81–93[CrossRef]
HolsP., SlosP., DutotP., ReymundJ., ChabotP., DelplaceB., DelcourJ., MercenierA.1997; Efficient secretion of the model antigen M6-gp41E in Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB 8826. Microbiology 143:2733–2741[CrossRef]
KimS. F., BaekS. J., PackM. Y.1991; Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Lactobacillus casei lactate dehydrogenase gene. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:2413–2417
LeerR. J., van LuijkN., PosnoM., PouwelsP. H.1992; Structural and functional analysis of two cryptic plasmids from Lactobacillus pentosus MD353 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. Mol Gen Genet 234:265–274[CrossRef]
Lee-WicknerL. J., ChassyB. M.1985; Characterization and molecular cloning for cryptic plasmids isolated from Lactobacillus casei . Appl Environ Microbiol 49:1154–1161
LiuS.-L., HesselA., SandersonK. E.1993; Genomic mapping with I- Ceu I, an intron-encoded endonuclease specific for genes for ribosomal RNA, in Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli , and other bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:6874–6878[CrossRef]
MaassenC. B. M., LamanJ. D., den Bak-GlashouwerM. J.1999; Instruments for oral disease-intervention strategies: recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing tetanus toxin fragment C for vaccination or myelin proteins for oral tolerance induction in multiple sclerosis. Vaccine 17:2117–2128[CrossRef]
MarshallP., LemieuxC.1992; The I- Ceu I endonuclease recognizes a sequence of 19 base pairs and preferentially cleaves the coding strand of the Chlamydomonas moewusii chloroplast large subunit rRNA gene. Nucleic Acids Res 20:6401–6407[CrossRef]
MillsC. K., LesselE. F.1973; Lactobacterium zeae Kuznestov, a later subjective synonym of Lactobacillus casei (Orla-Jensen) Hansen and Lessel. Int J Syst Bacteriol 23:430–432[CrossRef]
MonederoV., GosalbesM. J., Pérez-MartínezG.1997; Catabolite repression in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 is mediated by CcpA. J Bacteriol 179:6657–6664
MoriK., YamazakiK., IshiyamaT., KatsumataM., KobayashiK., KawaiY., InoueN., ShinanoH.1997; Comparative sequence analyses of the gene coding for 16S rRNA of Lactobacillus casei -related taxa. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:54–57[CrossRef]
MoschettiG., BlaiottaG., AponteM., MaurielloG., VillaniF., CoppolaS.1997; Genotyping of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and determination of the number and forms of rrn operons in L. delbrueckii and its subspecies. Res Microbiol 148:501–510[CrossRef]
MurrayR. G. E., DoetschR. N., RobinowC. F.1994; Determinative and cytological light microscopy. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology pp 21–41Edited byGerhardtP., MurrayR. G. E., WoodW. A., KriegN. R. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
NourM.1998; 16S–23S and 23S–5S intergenic spacer regions of lactobacilli: nucleotide sequence, secondary structure and comparative analysis. Res Microbiol 149:433–448[CrossRef]
PallesT., BeresfordT., CondonS., CoganT. M.1998; Citrate metabolism in Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum . J Appl Microbiol 85:147–154[CrossRef]
Pérez-ArellanoI., ZúñigaM., Pérez-MartínezG.2001; Construction of compatible wide-host-range shuttle vectors for lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli . Plasmid 46:106–116[CrossRef]
StingeleF., NeeserJ.-R., MolletB.1996; Identification and characterization of the eps (exopolysaccharide) gene cluster from Streptococcus thermophilus Sfi6. J Bacteriol 178:1680–1690
TenreiroR., SantosM. A., PaveiaH., VieiraG.1994; Inter-strain relationships among wine leuconostocs and their divergence from other Leuconostoc species, as revealed by low frequency restriction fragment analysis of genomic DNA. J Appl Bacteriol 77:271–280[CrossRef]
VeyratA., MonederoV., Pérez-MartínezG.1994; Glucose transport by the phospho enol pyruvate : mannose phosphotransferase system in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 and its role in carbon catabolite repression. Microbiology 140:1141–1149[CrossRef]
VeyratA., MirallesM. C., Pérez-MartínezG.1999; A fast method for monitoring the colonization rate of lactobacilli in a meat model system. J Appl Microbiol 87:49–61[CrossRef]
VianaR., MonederoV., DossonnetV., Pérez-MartínezG., DeutscherJ.2000; Enzyme I and HPr from Lactobacillus casei : their role in sugar transport, catabolite repression and inducer exclusion. Mol Microbiol 36:570–584
WayneL. G.1994; Actions of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology on Requests for Opinions published between; January 1985 and July 1993Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:177–178[CrossRef]
YebraM. J., VeyratA., SantosM. A., Pérez-MartínezG.2000; Genetics of l-sorbose transport and metabolism in Lactobacillus casei . J Bacteriol 182:155–163[CrossRef]
ZhongW., MillsapK., Bialkowska-HobrzanskaH., ReidG.1998; Differentiation of Lactobacillus species by molecular typing. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:2418–2423