Three Gram-negative, motile, mesophilic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated 2O1T, 1O14 and 1O18, were isolated from Indonesian seawater after enrichment with crude oil and a continuous supply of supplemented seawater. The strains exhibited high n-alkane-degrading activity, which indicated that the strains were important degraders of petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons in tropical marine environments. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the Gammaproteobacteria showed that the isolates formed a coherent and distinct cluster in a stable lineage containing Oceanobacter kriegii IFO 15467T (96.4–96.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Thalassolituus oleivorans MIL-1T. DNA G +C content was 53.0–53.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7 and C18 : 1ω9 and the hydroxy fatty acids were C12 : 0 3-OH and C10 : 0 3-OH. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, a ninhydrin-positive phospholipid(s) and glycolipids. The major quinone was Q-9 (97–99 %), which distinguished the isolates from Oceanobacter kriegii NBRC 15467T (Q-8; 91 %). On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data, including DNA–DNA hybridization, the isolates represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Oleibacter marinus is 2O1T (=NBRC 105760T =BTCC B-675T).
BowditchR. D.,
BaumannL.,
BaumannP.1984; Description of Oceanospirillum kriegii sp.nov. and O. jannaschii sp. nov. and assignment of two species of Alteromonas to this genus as O. commune comb. nov. and O. vagum comb. nov. Curr Microbiol 10:221–230[CrossRef]
CoulonF.,
McKewB. A.,
OsbornA. M.,
McGenityT. J.,
TimmisK. N.2007; Effects of temperature and biostimulation on oil-degrading microbial communities in temperate estuarine waters. Environ Microbiol 9:177–186[CrossRef]
EzakiT.,
HashimotoY.,
YabuuchiE.1989; Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:224–229[CrossRef]
FukunagaY.,
KurahashiM.,
YanagiK.,
YokotaA.,
HarayamaS.2008; Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a chiton, and description of Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam.nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov., Holophagaceae fam. nov., Holophagales ord. nov. and Holophagae classis nov. in the phylum ‘ Acidobacteria ’. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58:2597–2601[CrossRef]
HaraA.,
SyutsuboK.,
HarayamaS.2003; Alcanivorax which prevails in oil-contaminated seawater exhibits broad substrate specificity for alkane degradation. Environ Microbiol 5:746–753[CrossRef]
KasaiY.,
KishiraH.,
SyutsuboK.,
HarayamaS.2001; Molecular detection of marine bacterial populations on beaches contaminated by the Nakhodka tanker oil-spill accident. Environ Microbiol 3:246–255[CrossRef]
KasaiY.,
KishiraH.,
HarayamaS.2002; Bacteria belonging to the genus Cycloclasticus play a primary role in the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons released in a marine environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 68:5625–5633[CrossRef]
MaruyamaA.,
IshiwataH.,
KitamuraK.,
SunamuraM.,
FujitaT.,
MatsuoM.,
HigashiharaT.2003; Dynamics of microbial populations and strong selection for Cycloclasticus pugetii following the Nakhodka oil spill. Microb Ecol 46:442–453[CrossRef]
McKewB. A.,
CoulonF.,
OsbornA. M.,
TimmisK. N.,
McGenityT. J.2007; Determining the identity and roles of oil-metabolizing marine bacteria from the Thames estuary, UK. Environ Microbiol 9:165–176[CrossRef]
MesbahM.,
PremachandranU.,
WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39:159–167[CrossRef]
MinnikinD. E.,
CollinsM. D.,
GoodfellowM.1979; Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas , Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Bacteriol 47:87–95[CrossRef]
PrinceR. C.2005; The microbiology of marine oil spill bioremediation. In Petroleum Microbiology pp 317–335 Edited by
OllivierB.,
MagotM.
Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology;
RolingW. F.,
MilnerM. G.,
JonesD. M.,
FratepietroF.,
SwannellR. P.,
DanielF.,
HeadI. M.2004; Bacterial community dynamics and hydrocarbon degradation during a field-scale evaluation of bioremediation on a mudflat beach contaminated with buried oil. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:2603–2613[CrossRef]
SatomiM.,
KimuraB.,
HamadaT.,
HarayamaS.,
FujiiT.2002; Phylogenetic study of the genus Oceanospirillum based on 16S rRNA and gyrB genes: emended description of the genus Oceanospirillum , description of Pseudospirillum gen.nov., Oceanobacter gen. nov. and Terasakiella gen. nov.and transfer of Oceanospirillum jannaschii and Pseudomonas stanieri to Marinobacterium as Marinobacterium jannaschii comb. nov. and Marinobacterium stanieri comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52:739–747[CrossRef]
TeramotoM.,
HarayamaS.2011; Potential for petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbon degradation of the key bacteria in temperate seas. In The Marine Environment: Ecology, Management and Conservation Edited by NemethA. D.
New York: Nova Science; (in press
TeramotoM.,
SuzukiM.,
OkazakiF.,
HatmantiA.,
HarayamaS.2009; Oceanobacter -related bacteria are important for the degradation of petroleum aliphatic hydrocarbons in the tropical marine environment. Microbiology 155:3362–3370[CrossRef]
ThompsonJ. D.,
GibsonT. J.,
PlewniakF.,
JeanmouginF.,
HigginsD. G.1997; The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25:4876–4882[CrossRef]
YakimovM. M.,
GolyshinP. N.,
LangS.,
MooreE. R.,
AbrahamW. R.,
LunsdorfH.,
TimmisK. N.1998; Alcanivorax borkumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, hydrocarbon-degrading and surfactant-producing marine bacterium. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48:339–348[CrossRef]
YakimovM. M.,
DenaroR.,
GenoveseM.,
CappelloS.,
D'AuriaG.,
ChernikovaT. N.,
TimmisK. N.,
GolyshinP. N.,
GilulianoL.2005; Natural microbial diversity in superficial sediments of Milazzo Harbor (Sicily) and community successions during microcosm enrichment with various hydrocarbons. Environ Microbiol 7:1426–1441[CrossRef]
[Supplementary material 1 , Supplementary Fig. S1. Transmission electron micrograph
of negatively stained cells of
Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. 2O1
T. Bar, 500 nm. ]
[Supplementary material 2 , Supplementary Fig. S2. Thin-layer chromatograms showing
the polar lipid compositions of
Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. 2O1
T(a) and
Oceanobacter kriegii NBRC 15467
T(b). GL, Glycolipid; NP, ninhydrin-positive
phospholipid; PG, phosphatidylglycerol. ]
[Supplementary material 3 , Supplementary Fig. S3. Degradation of n-alkanes and
branched alkanes by
Oleibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov. 2O1
T, 1O14 and 1O18 in nutrient-supplemented seawater
medium containing 0.1 % (v/v) crude oil at 25 °C. Values
are means from three independent experiments. Bars indicate
SEM. Open circles, C
12–22; open triangles, pristane and phytane.
Reproduced with permission from
Teramoto
et al. (2009)[
Microbiology155 , 3362–3370]. ]