A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, marine bacterium, strain AR11T, was isolated from Arctic marine sediment. Strain AR11T grew with 0.5–7 % NaCl and at 7–37 °C and pH 5.5–9.0. It utilized propionate, 3-hydroxybenzoate, l-proline, acetate, d- and l-lactate, l-alanine, malate and phenylacetic acid. Alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase and acid phosphatase activity tests were positive. Acid was produced from 5-ketogluconate and aesculin. Strain AR11T possessed C16 : 0 (22.0 %), summed feature 4 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 28.1 %) and summed feature 7 (one or more of C18 : 1ω7c, ω9t and ω12t; 34.0 %) as the major cellular fatty acids. The major ubiquinone was Q-8. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that strain AR11T belonged to the Gammaproteobacteria and was most closely related to Marinobacterium stanieri DSM 7027T, Marinobacterium halophilum mano11T and Marinobacterium georgiense KW-40T (97.8, 97.0 and 96.7 % similarity, respectively). The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain AR11T was 57.9 mol%. DNA–DNA relatedness data indicated that strain AR11T represented a distinct species that was separated from M. stanieri DSM 7027T, M. halophilum KCTC 12240T and M. georgiense JCM 21667T. On the basis of evidence from this polyphasic study, it is proposed that strain AR11T (=KCTC 22254T=JCM 15134T) represents the type strain of a novel species, Marinobacterium maritimum sp. nov.
Baumann, P., Bowditch, R. D., Baumann, L. & Beaman, B.(1983). Taxonomy of marine Pseudomonas species: P. stanieri sp. nov.; P. perfectomarina sp. nov., nom. rev.; P. nautica; and P. doudoroffii. Int J Syst Bacteriol33, 857–865.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Bowditch, R. D., Baumann, L. & Baumann, P.(1984). Description of Oceanospirillum kriegii sp. nov. and O. jannaschii sp. nov. and assignment of two species of Alteromonas to this genus as O. commune comb. nov. and O. vagum comb. nov. Curr Microbiol10, 221–230.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Chang, H.-W., Nam, Y.-D., Kwon, H.-Y., Park, J. R., Lee, J.-S., Yoon, J.-H., An, K.-G. & Bea, J.-W.(2007).Marinobacterium halophilum sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the Yellow Sea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 77–80.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Cowan, S. T. & Steel, K. J.(1965).Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. London: Cambridge University Press.
Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y. & Yabuuchi, E.(1989). Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol39, 224–229.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Felsenstein, J.(1981). Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol17, 368–376.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Felsenstein, J.(1993).phylip (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
González, J. M., Mayer, F., Moran, M. A., Hodson, R. E. & Whitman, W. B.(1997).Microbulbifer hydrolyticus gen. nov., sp. nov., and Marinobacterium georgiense gen. nov., sp. nov., two marine bacteria from a lignin-rich pulp mill waste enrichment community. Int J Syst Bacteriol47, 369–376.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hall, T. A.(1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser41, 95–98.
[Google Scholar]
Kim, H., Choo, Y.-J., Song, J., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K. C. & Cho, J.-C.(2007).Marinobacterium litorale sp. nov. in the order Oceanospirillales. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 1659–1662.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kim, Y.-G., Jin, Y.-A., Hwang, C. Y. & Cho, B. C.(2008).Marinobacterium rhizophilum sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of the coastal tidal-flat plant Suaeda japonica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol58, 164–167.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kimura, M.(1983).The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M.(2004).mega3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform5, 150–163.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Lee, J.-S., Shin, Y. K., Yoon, J.-H., Takeuchi, M., Pyun, Y.-R. & Park, Y.-H.(2001).Sphingomonas aquatilis sp. nov., Sphingomonas koreensis sp. nov. and Sphingomonas taejonensis sp. nov., yellow-pigmented bacteria isolated from natural mineral water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol51, 1491–1498.
[Google Scholar]
Levring, T.(1946). Some culture experiments with Ulva and artificial seawater. K Fysiogr Sallsk Lund Forhandl16, 45–56.
[Google Scholar]
Mesbah, M., Premachandran, U. & Whitman, W. B.(1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol39, 159–167.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
MIDI(1999).Sherlock Microbial Identification System, Operating Manual, version 3.0. Newark, DE: MIDI.
Park, S.-J., Kang, C.-H. & Rhee, S.-K.(2006). Characterization of the microbial diversity in a Korean solar saltern by 16S rRNA gene analysis. J Microbiol Biotechnol16, 1640–1645.
[Google Scholar]
Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol4, 406–425.
[Google Scholar]
Satomi, M., Kimura, B., Hamada, T., Harayama, S. & Fujii, T.(2002). Phylogenetic study of the genus Oceanospirillum based on 16S rRNA and gyrB genes: emended description of the genus Oceanospirillum, description of Pseudospirillum gen. nov., Oceanobacter gen. nov. and Terasakiella gen. nov. and transfer of Oceanospirillum jannaschii and Pseudomonas stanieri to Marinobacterium as Marinobacterium jannaschii comb. nov. and Marinobacterium stanieri comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52, 739–747.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G.(1997). The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res25, 4876–4882.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A. & Lane, D. J.(1991). 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study. J Bacteriol173, 697–703.
[Google Scholar]
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology vol.
59 , part 12, pp. 3030 - 3034
Supplementary Fig S1. Phylogenetic relationships of
isolate AR11
Tand some related micro-organisms on the basis of
16S rRNA gene sequences.
[PDF](62 KB)