A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, purple non-sulfur bacterial strain, designated JA415T, was isolated from the mud of a pokkali rice field located on Vypeen Island, Ernakulam, Kerala, India. Strain JA415T was motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Photo- and chemo-organoheterotrophic growth was observed using organic compounds as carbon sources and electron donors. Photo- and chemolithoautotrophic growth using thiosulfate as electron donor did not occur. Fermentative growth could not be demonstrated. Intracellular photosynthetic membranes were lamellar stacks parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments. Niacin, pantothenate and p-aminobenzoate were required as growth factors. C18 : 1ω7c was the predominant cellular fatty acid component. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JA415T clustered with members of the genus Rhodoplanes in the class Alphaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that strain JA415T be classified as a representative of a novel species of the genus Rhodoplanes, family Hyphomicrobiaceae, with the name Rhodoplanes pokkaliisoli sp. nov. The type strain is JA415T (=KCTC 5711T =NBRC 104972T).
Anil Kumar, P., Srinivas, T. N. R., Sasikala, Ch. & Ramana, Ch. V.(2008).Allochromatium renukae sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol58, 404–407.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Biebl, H. & Pfennig, N.(1981). Isolation of members of the family Rhodospirillaceae. In The Prokaryotes, vol. 1, pp. 267–273. Edited by M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. Trüper, A. Balows & H. G. Schlegel. New York: Springer.
Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S. & Pfander, H.(2004). Carotenoids with a C40 skeleton (b) Hydroxycarotenoids. In Carotenoids Handbook, Main List, 93, 95. Edited by G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen & H. Pfander. Basel, Boston & Berlin: Birkhauser.
Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O.(2003). A simple, fast, and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. Syst Biol52, 696–704.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hiraishi, A. & Hoshino, Y.(1984). Distribution of rhodoquinone in Rhodospirillaceae and its taxonomic implications. J Gen Appl Microbiol30, 435–448.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hiraishi, A. & Ueda, Y.(1994).Rhodoplanes gen. nov., a new genus of phototrophic bacteria including Rhodopseudomonas rosea as Rhodoplanes roseus comb. nov. and Rhodoplanes elegans sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol44, 665–673.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Imhoff, J. F.(1984). Quinones of phototrophic purple bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett25, 85–89.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Imhoff, J. F., Süling, J. & Petri, R.(1998). Phylogenetic relationships among the Chromatiaceae, their taxonomic reclassification and description of the new genera Allochromatium, Halochromatium, Isochromatium, Marichromatium, Thiococcus, Thiohalocapsa and Thermochromatium. Int J Syst Bacteriol48, 1129–1143.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Okamura, K., Hisada, T. & Hiraishi, A.(2007). Characterization of thermotolerant purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from hot-spring Chloroflexus mats and the reclassification of “Rhodopseudomonas cryptolactis” Stadtwald-Demchick et al. 1990 as Rhodoplanes cryptolactis nom. rev., comb. nov. J Gen Appl Microbiol53, 357–361.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Okamura, K., Kanbe, T. & Hiraishi, A.(2009).Rhodoplanes serenus sp. nov., a purple non-sulfur bacterium isolated from pond water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol59, 531–535.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Sasikala, K., Ramana, Ch. V., Raghuveer Rao, P. & Subrahmanyam, M.(1990). Photoproduction of hydrogen, nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities of free and immobilized whole cells of Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU 001. FEMS Microbiol Lett72, 23–28.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Sasser, M.(1990).Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI Inc.
Srinivas, T. N. R., Anil Kumar, P., Sasikala, Ch. & Ramana, Ch. V.(2007).Rhodovulum imhoffii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 228–232.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G.(1997). The clustal_x windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res25, 4876–4882.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Supplementary Fig. S1. Phase-contrast micrograph of
cells of strain JA415
T. Bar, 5 µm.
Supplementary Fig. S2. Electron micrographs of a
negatively stained cell of strain JA145
Tshowing the single polar flagellum (a) and
ultrathin sections of cells of strain JA415
Tshowing the lamellar nature of the photosynthetic
membranes extending throughout the cell (b). Bars, 1.3 µm
(a), 167 nm (b, left) and 125 nm (b, right).
Supplementary Fig. S2. Electron micrographs of a
negatively stained cell of strain JA145
Tshowing the single polar flagellum (a) and
ultrathin sections of cells of strain JA415
Tshowing the lamellar nature of the photosynthetic
membranes extending throughout the cell (b). Bars, 1.3 µm
(a), 167 nm (b, left) and 125 nm (b, right).
Supplementary Fig. S3. Whole-cell absorption spectrum of
strain JA415
T.