1887

Abstract

Strain 1a22, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, was isolated from soil associated with the rhizosphere of a perennial grass growing in a fallow agricultural field in Ithaca, New York, USA. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the strain in the branch of the and the closest characterized relative was the type strain of (97.7 % 16S rRNA sequence similarity). Cells of strain 1a22 were Gram-negative, motile, straight rods, which formed polyhydroxybutyrate-like granules and were positive for oxidase and weakly positive for catalase. Cells were chemo-organotrophic, unable to grow by reduction of chlorate or nitrate and grew exclusively through aerobic respiration. Growth with mannitol on N-free solid media caused the strain to produce copious amounts of slime. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.4 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C -9 and C and cells contained significant amounts of the hydroxy fatty acids C 3-OH, C 2-OH and C 3-OH. Based on DNA–DNA hybridization studies, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid analysis, and morphological and physiological characteristics, strain 1a22 represents a novel species in the genus , for which the name sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of is 1a22 (=JCM 15503=DSM 21438).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.003368-0
2009-08-01
2024-12-08
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/59/8/1941.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.003368-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Amakata, D., Matsuo, Y., Shimono, K., Park, J. K., Yun, C. S., Matsuda, H., Yokota, A. & Kawamukai, M.(2005).Mitsuaria chitosanitabida gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, chitosanase-producing member of the ‘Betaproteobacteria’. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1927–1932.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bürgmann, H., Widmer, F., Von Sigler, W. & Zeyer, J.(2004). New molecular screening tools for analysis of free-living diazotrophs in soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 240–247.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dobereiner, J., Marriel, I. E. & Nery, M.(1976). Ecological distribution of Spirillum lipoferum Beijerinck. Can J Microbiol 22, 1464–1473.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Eden, P. A., Schmidt, T. M., Blakemore, R. P. & Pace, N. R.(1991). Phylogenetic analysis of Aquaspirillum magnetotacticum using polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA-specific DNA. Int J Syst Bacteriol 41, 324–325.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Elbeltagy, A., Nishioka, K., Sato, T., Suzuki, H., Ye, B., Hamada, T., Isawa, T., Mitsui, H. & Minamisawa, K.(2001). Endophytic colonization and in planta nitrogen fixation by a Herbaspirillum sp. isolated from wild rice species. Appl Environ Microbiol 67, 5285–5293.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y. & Yabuuchi, E.(1989). Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 224–229.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Felsenstein, J.(2005).phylip (phylogeny inference package) version 3.64. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
  8. Felsenstein, J. & Churchill, G. A.(1996). A hidden Markov Model approach to variation among sites in rate of evolution. Mol Biol Evol 13, 93–104.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gonzales, J. M. & Saiz-Jimenez, C.(2004). Using the iCycler iQ detection system to estimate microbial DNA base composition from melt curves. Technical Note 3084. Hercules, CA: Bio-Rad.
  10. Haahtela, K., Kari, K. & Sundaman, V.(1982). Nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) of root-associated, cold-climate Azospirillum, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas species during growth on various carbon sources and at various partial pressures of oxygen. Appl Environ Microbiol 45, 563–570. [Google Scholar]
  11. Jones, D. T., Taylor, W. R. & Thornton, J. M.(1992). The rapid generation of mutation data matrices from protein sequences. Comput Appl Biosci 8, 275–282. [Google Scholar]
  12. Kishino, H. & Hasegawa, M.(1989). Evaluation of the maximum-likelihood estimate of the evolutionary tree topologies from DNA-sequence data, and the branching order in Hominoidea. J Mol Evol 29, 170–179.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  13. Konstantinidis, K. T. & Tiedje, J. M.(2005). Genomic insights that advance the species definition for prokaryotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102, 2567–2572.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lechner, U., Brodkorb, D., Geyer, R., Hause, G., Härtig, C., Auling, G., Fayolle-Guichard, F., Piveteau, P., Müller, R. H. & Rohwerder, T.(2007).Aquincola tertiaricarbonis gen. nov., sp. nov., a tertiary butyl moiety-degrading bacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 57, 1295–1303.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Linkerhägner, K. & Oleze, J.(1997). Nitrogenase activity and regeneration of the cellular ATP pool in Azotobacter vinelandii adapted to different oxygen concentrations. J Bacteriol 179, 1362–1367. [Google Scholar]
  16. Malmqvist, A., Welander, T., Moore, E., Ternstrom, A., Molin, G. & Stenstrom, I.(1994).Ideonella dechloratans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacterium capable of growing anaerobically with chlorate as an electron-acceptor. Syst Appl Microbiol 17, 58–64.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nelson, L. M. & Knowles, R.(1978). Effect of oxygen and nitrate on nitrogen fixation and denitrification by Azospirillum brasilense grown in continuous culture. Can J Microbiol 24, 1395–1403.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Paerl, H. W.(1998). Microbially-mediated nitrogen cycling. In Techniques in Microbial Ecology, pp. 3–30. Edited by R. S. Burlage, R. Atlas, D. Stahl, G. Geesey & G. Sayler. New York: Oxford University Press.
  19. Postgate, J. R.(1982).The Fundamentals of Nitrogen Fixation. London: Cambridge University Press.
  20. Ramana, Ch. V., Sasikala, Ch., Arunasri, K., Anil Kumar, P., Srinivas, T. N. R., Shivaji, S., Gupta, P., Süling, J. & Imhoff, J. F.(2006).Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus sp. nov., an aromatic, hydrocarbon-degrading purple betaproteobacterium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 2157–2164.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  21. Roesch, L. F. W., Camargo, F. A. O., Bento, F. M. & Triplett, E. W.(2008). Biodiversity of diazotrophic bacteria within the soil, root and stem of field-grown maize. Plant Soil 302, 91–104.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sambrook, J. & Russell, D. W.(2001).Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
  23. Shinohara, M., Nakajima, N. & Uehara, Y.(2007). Purification and characterization of a novel esterase (beta-hydroxypalmitate methyl ester hydrolase) and prevention of the expression of virulence by Ralstonia solanacearum. J Appl Microbiol 103, 152–162.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Stackebrandt, E.(2006). Defining taxonomic ranks. In The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, 3rd edn, vol. 1, pp. 29–57. Edited by M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K. H. Schleifer & E. Stackebrandt. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  25. Stevenson, B. S., Eichorst, S. A., Wertz, J. T., Schmidt, T. M. & Breznak, J. A.(2004). New strategies for cultivation and detection of previously uncultured microbes. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 4748–4755.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Steward, G. F., Jenkins, B. D., Ward, B. B. & Zehr, J. P.(2004). Development and testing of a DNA microarray to assess nitrogenase (nifH) gene diversity. Appl Environ Microbiol 70, 1455–1465.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Strunk, O. & Ludwig, W.(1997).arb: a software environment for sequence data, v2.5. Munich, Germany: Department of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich.
  28. Suyama, T., Shigematsu, T., Takaichi, S., Nodasaka, Y., Fujikawa, S., Hosoya, H., Tokiwa, Y., Kanagawa, T. & Hanada, S.(1999).Roseateles depolymerans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new bacteriochlorophyll a-containing obligate aerobe belonging to the beta-subclass of the Proteobacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 449–457.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tindall, B. J., Sikorski, J., Smibert, R. A. & Krieg, N. R.(2007). Phenotypic characterization and the principles of comparative systematics. In Methods for General and Molecular Microbiology, pp. 330–393. Edited by C. A. Reddy, T. J. Beveridge, J. A. Breznak, G. A. Marzluf, T. M. Schmidt & L. R. Snyder. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
  30. Zehr, J. P., Jenkins, B. D., Short, S. M. & Steward, G. F.(2003). Nitrogenase gene diversity and microbial community structure: a cross-system comparison. Environ Microbiol 5, 539–554.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.003368-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.003368-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error