1887

Abstract

Three novel bacterial strains, PVAS-1, B3W22 and B8W22, were isolated from cryotubes used to collect air samples at altitudes of between 27 and 41 km. Based on phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic features, DNA–DNA hybridization with the nearest phylogenetic neighbours and phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences (PVAS-1, 1196 nt; B3W22, 1541 nt; B8W22, 1533 nt), the three strains were identified as representing novel species, and the names proposed are sp. nov. (type strain PVAS-1 =MTCC 8307 =DSM 21601 =CCUG 56714), sp. nov. (type strain B3W22 =MTCC 7902 =JCM 13838) and sp. nov. (type strain B8W22 =MTCC 7755 =JCM 13839).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.002527-0
2009-12-01
2024-12-13
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/59/12/2977.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.002527-0&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Bruch, C. W.(1967). Microbes in the upper atmosphere and beyond. In Airborne Microbes (Society for General Microbiology Symposium no. 17), pp. 345–373. Edited by P. H. Gregory & J. L. Monteith. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  2. Collins, M. D., Pirouz, T., Goodfellow, M. & Minnikin, D. E.(1977). Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 100, 221–230.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Felsenstein, J.(1993).phylip (phylogeny inference package), version 3.5c. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
  4. Fromm, M., Bevilacqua, R., Stocks, B. & Servanckx, R.(2004). New directions: eruptive transport to the stratosphere: add fire-convection to volcanoes. Atmos Environ 38, 163–165.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gladman, B. J., Burns, J. A., Duncan, M., Lee, P. & Levinson, H. F.(1996). The exchange of impact ejecta between terrestrial planets. Science 271, 1387–1392.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Greene, V. W., Pederson, P. D., Lundgren, D. A. & Hagberg, C. A.(1964). Microbiological exploration of stratosphere: results of six experimental flights. In Proceedings of the Atmospheric Biology Conference, University of Minnesota, 13–15 April 1964, pp. 199–211. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
  7. Harris, M. J., Wickramasinghe, N. C., Lloyd, D., Narlikar, J. V., Rajaratnam, P., Turner, M. P., Al-Mufti, S., Wallis, M. K., Ramadurai, S. & Hoyle, F.(2002). Detection of living cells in stratospheric samples. In Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology IV (Proceedings of the SPIE Conference 2001, vol. 4495), pp. 192–198. Edited by R. B. Hoover, G. V. Levin, R. R. Paepe & A. Y. Rozanov. Bellingham, WA: SPIE.
  8. Holding, A. J. & Collee, J. G.(1971). Routine biochemical tests. Methods Microbiol 6A, 2–32. [Google Scholar]
  9. Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C.(1986). The case for life as a cosmic phenomenon. Nature 322, 509–511.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C.(1993).Our Place in the Cosmos. London: J. M. Dent.
  11. Hoyle, F. & Wickramasinghe, N. C.(1999).Astronomical Origins of Life: Steps Towards Panspermia. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
  12. Imshenetsky, A. A., Lysenko, S. V. & Kazakov, G. A.(1978). Upper boundary of the biosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol 35, 1–5. [Google Scholar]
  13. Kageyama, A., Takahashi, Y., Yasumoto-Hirose, M., Kasai, H., Shizuri, Y. & Omura, S.(2007).Janibacter corallicola sp. nov., isolated from coral in Palau. J Gen Appl Microbiol 53, 185–189.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kämpfer, P., Terenius, O., Lindh, J. M. & Faye, I.(2006).Janibacter anophelis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of Anopheles arabiensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 389–392.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kimura, M.(1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kiran, M. D., Prakash, J. S. S., Annapoorni, S., Dube, S., Kusano, T., Okuyama, H., Murata, N. & Shivaji, S.(2004). Psychrophilic Pseudomonas syringae requires trans-monounsaturated fatty acid for growth at higher temperature. Extremophiles 8, 401–410.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Komagata, K. & Suzuki, K.(1987). Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol 19, 161–207. [Google Scholar]
  18. Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M.(2004).mega3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform 5, 150–163.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lang, E., Kroppenstedt, R. M., Swiderski, J., Schumann, P., Ludwig, W., Schmid, A. & Weiss, N.(2003). Emended description of Janibacter terrae including ten dibenzofuran-degrading strains and Janibacter brevis as its later heterotypic synonym. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1999–2005.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lysenko, S. V.(1979). Microorganisms of the upper layers of the atmosphere. Mikrobiologiia 48, 1066–1074 (in Russian). [Google Scholar]
  21. Mileikowsky, C., Cucinotta, F. A., Wilson, J. W., Gladman, B., Horneck, G., Lindegren, L., Melosh, J., Rickman, H., Valtonen, M. & Zheng, J. Q.(2000). Natural transfer of viable microbes in space. Icarus 145, 391–427.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nicholson, W. L., Munakata, N., Horneck, G., Melosh, H. J. & Setlow, P.(2000). Resistance of Bacillus endospores to extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 64, 548–572.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pasko, V. P., Stanley, M. A., Mathews, J. D., Inan, U. S. & Wood, T. G.(2002). Electrical discharge from thundercloud tops to the lower ionosphere. Nature 416, 152–154.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pidiyar, V. J., Jangid, K., Patole, M. S. & Shouche, Y. S.(2004). Studies on cultured and uncultured microbiota of wild Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito midgut based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70, 597–603. [Google Scholar]
  25. Reddy, G. S. N., Prakash, J. S. S., Prabahar, V., Matsumoto, G. I., Stackebrandt, E. & Shivaji, S.(2003).Kocuria polaris sp. nov., an orange-pigmented psychrophilic bacterium isolated from an Antarctic cyanobacterial mat sample. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 183–187.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Rogers, L. A. & Meier, F. C.(1936). In US Army Air Corps Stratosphere Flight of 1935 in the Balloon “Explorer II”, pp. 146–151. Edited by L. J. Briggs. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
  27. Rohatschek, H.(1996). Levitation of stratospheric and mesophilic aerosols by gravito-photophoresis. J Aerosol Sci 27, 467–475.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Saitou, N. & Nei, M.(1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425. [Google Scholar]
  29. Sato, N. S. & Murata, N.(1988). Membrane lipids. Methods Enzymol 167, 251–259. [Google Scholar]
  30. Shivaji, S., Ray, M. K., Rao, N. S., Saisree, L., Jagannadham, M. V., Kumar, G. S., Reddy, G. S. N. & Bhargava, P. M.(1992).Sphingobacterium antarcticus sp. nov., a psychrotrophic bacterium from the soils of Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42, 102–116.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  31. Shivaji, S., Bhanu, N. V. & Aggarwal, R. K.(2000). Identification of Yersinia pestis as the causative organism of plague in India as determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and RAPD-based genomic fingerprinting. FEMS Microbiol Lett 189, 247–252.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  32. Shivaji, S., Chaturvedi, P., Reddy, G. S. N. & Suresh, K.(2005).Pedobacter himalayensis sp. nov., from the Hamta glacier located in the Himalayan mountain ranges of India. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1083–1088.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  33. Shivaji, S., Chaturvedi, P., Suresh, K., Reddy, G. S. N., Rajaratnam, P., Wainwright, M., Narlikar, J. V. & Bhargava, P. M.(2006).Bacillus aerius sp. nov., Bacillus aerophilus sp. nov., Bacillus stratosphericus sp. nov. and Bacillus altitudinis sp. nov., isolated from cryogenic tubes used for collecting air samples from high altitudes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1465–1473.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  34. Smibert, R. M. & Krieg, N. R.(1994). Phenotypic characterization. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607–654. Edited by P. Gerhardt, R. G. E. Murray, W. A. Wood & N. R. Krieg. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
  35. Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J.(1994).clustalw: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673–4680.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Tourova, T. P. & Antonov, A. S.(1987). Identification of microorganisms by rapid DNA-DNA hybridization. Methods Microbiol 19, 333–355. [Google Scholar]
  37. Wainwright, M., Wickramasinghe, N. C., Narlikar, J. V. & Rajaratnam, P.(2003). Microorganisms cultured from stratospheric air samples obtained at 41 km. FEMS Microbiol Lett 218, 161–165.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  38. Yoon, J. H., Lee, H. B., Yeo, S. H. & Choi, J. E.(2004).Janibacter melonis sp. nov., isolated from abnormally spoiled oriental melon in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 1975–1980.[CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.002527-0
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/ijs.0.002527-0
Loading

Data & Media loading...

Supplements

(a) Lipids of DSM 12223 (lane 1) and sp. nov. B3W22 (lane 2) and standards of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) (lanes 3–7). (b) Lipids of sp. nov. B8W22 (lane 1) and MTCC 428 (lane 2) and standards of DPG, PG and PE (lanes 3–5). In (a), UL represents an unidentified lipid.

IMAGE

(a) Lipids of DSM 12223 (lane 1) and sp. nov. B3W22 (lane 2) and standards of diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) (lanes 3–7). (b) Lipids of sp. nov. B8W22 (lane 1) and MTCC 428 (lane 2) and standards of DPG, PG and PE (lanes 3–5). In (a), UL represents an unidentified lipid.

IMAGE

Sensitivity of sp. nov. B3W22 , sp. nov. B8W22 , sp. nov. PVAS-1 and related type strains to UV radiation. [ PDF] 58 KB

PDF
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error