An aerobic, pink-pigmented, budding and rosette-forming bacterium was isolated from an acidic Sphagnum peat bog and designated strain A10T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain A10T was a member of the order Planctomycetales and belonged to a phylogenetic lineage defined by the genus Gemmata, with 90 % sequence similarity to that of Gemmata obscuriglobus, the only taxonomically described organism of this group. Ellipsoid-shaped cells of strain A10T were uniformly covered with crateriform pits and possessed long (up to 10–15 μm) and unusually thick (0.5–0.7 μm) stalks of a unique ultrastructure. Thin sections revealed a complex intracellular membrane system compartmentalizing the cells. Strain A10T was a moderately acidophilic, mesophilic organism capable of growth at pH values between 3.8 and 7.2 (with an optimum at pH 5.5–6.0) and at temperatures between 10 and 30 °C (with an optimum at 20–25 °C). The major fatty acids were C18 : 0, C18 : 1ω5c and C16 : 1ω5c and the major quinone was MK-6. Cells of strain A10T contained high amounts of bound saturated and monounsaturated C26–C32 (ω-1) hydroxy fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 62.5 mol%. The unique cell morphology, the capability of growth in acidic conditions and a number of chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics served to differentiate strain A10T from G. obscuriglobus. Based on these data, the novel isolate should be considered as representing a novel genus and species of planctomycetes, for which the name Zavarzinella formosa gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed The type strain is A10T (=DSM 19928T=VKM B-2478T).
Bauld, J. & Staley, J. T.(1976).Planctomyces maris sp. nov.: a marine isolate of the Planctomyces-Blastocaulis group of budding bacteria. J Gen Microbiol97, 45–55.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Dedysh, S. N., Pankratov, T. A., Belova, S. E., Kulichevskaya, I. S. & Liesack, W.(2006). Phylogenetic analysis and in situ identification of Bacteria community composition in an acidic Sphagnum peat bog. Appl Environ Microbiol72, 2110–2117.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Franzmann, P. D. & Skerman, V. B. D.(1984).Gemmata obscuriglobus, a new genus and species of the budding bacteria. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek50, 261–268.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Fuerst, J. A.(2005). Intracellular compartmentation in planctomycetes. Annu Rev Microbiol59, 299–328.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Goossens, H., de Leeuw, J. W., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Meyburg, G. J. & Schenck, P. A.(1989). Lipids and their mode of occurrence in bacteria and sediments. I. A methodological study of the lipid composition of Acintobacter calcoaceticus LMD 79–41. Org Geochem14, 15–25.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hirsch, P. & Müller, M.(1985).Planctomyces limnophilus sp. nov., a stalked and budding bacterium from freshwater. Syst Appl Microbiol6, 276–280.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Hirsch, P., Müller, M. & Schlesner, H.(1977). New aquatic budding and prosthecate bacteria and their taxonomic position. In Aquatic Microbiology, pp. 107–133. Soc. Appl. Bact. Sympos. Ser. 6. Edited by Skinner & Shewan. London, UK: Academic Press.
Ivanova, A. O. & Dedysh, S. N.(2006). High abundance of Planctomycetes in anoxic layers of a Sphagnum peat bog. Microbiology75, 716–719.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kulichevskaya, I. S., Pankratov, T. A. & Dedysh, S. N.(2006). Detection of representatives of the Planctomycetes in Sphagnum peat bogs by molecular and cultivation approaches. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiia) 75, 329–335.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kulichevskaya, I. S., Ivanova, A. O., Belova, S. E., Baulina, O. I., Bodelier, P. L. E., Rijpstra, W. I. C., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S., Zavarzin, G. A. & Dedysh, S. N.(2007).Schlesneria paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov., the first acidophilic member of the order Planctomycetales, from Sphagnum-dominated boreal wetlands. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol57, 2680–2687.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Kulichevskaya, I. S., Ivanova, A. O., Baulina, O. I., Bodelier, P. L. E., Sinninghe Damsté, J. S. & Dedysh, S. N.(2008).Singulisphaera acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a non-filamentous, Isosphaera-like planctomycete from acidic northern wetlands. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol58, 1186–1193.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Lindsay, M. R., Webb, R. I., Strous, M., Jetten, M. S., Butler, M. K., Forde, R. J. & Fuerst, J. A.(2001). Cell compartmentalization in Planctomycetes: novel types of structural organization for the bacterial cell. Arch Microbiol175, 413–429.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Ludwig, W., Strunk, O., Westram, R., Richter, L., Meier, H., Yadhukumar, Buchner, A., Lai, T., Steppi, S., Jobb, G. & other authors(2004). ARB: a software environment for sequence data. Nucleic Acids Res32, 1363–1371.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Marmur, J.(1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic from microorganisms. J Mol Biol3, 208–218.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Owen, R. J., Lapage, S. P. & Hill, L. R.(1969). Determination of base composition from melting profiles in dilute buffers. Biopolymers7, 503–516.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Pearson, A., Budin, M. & Brocks, J. J.(2003). Phylogenetic and biochemical evidence for sterol synthesis in the bacterium Gemmata obscuriglobus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A100, 15352–15357.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Schlesner, H.(1989).Planctomyces brasiliensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium from a salt pit. Syst Appl Microbiol12, 159–161.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Sittig, M. & Schlesner, H.(1993). Chemotaxonomic investigation of various prosthecate and/or budding bacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol16, 92–103.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Staley, J. T., Fuerst, J. A., Giovannoni, S. & Schlesner, H.(1992). The order Planctomycetales and the genera Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Isosphaera. In The Prokaryotes: a Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology, Isolation, Identification, Applications, 2nd edn, pp. 3710–3731. Edited by A. Balows, H. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer. NewYork: Springer.
Starr, M. R. & Schmidt, J. M.(1984).Planctomyces stranskae (ex Wawrik 1952) sp. nov., nom. rev. and Planctomyces guttaeformis (ex Hortobágyi 1965) sp. nov., nom. rev. Int J Syst Bacteriol34, 470–477.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Wang, J., Jenkins, C., Webb, R. I. & Fuerst, J. A.(2002). Isolation of Gemmata-like and Isosphaera-like planctomycete bacteria from soil and freshwater. Appl Environ Microbiol68, 417–422.[CrossRef][Google Scholar]
Ward, N., Staley, J. T., Fuerst, J. A., Giovannoni, S., Schlesner, H. & Stackebrandt, E.(2006). The order Planctomycetales, including the genera Planctomyces, Pirellula, Gemmata and Isosphaera and the Candidatus genera Brocadia, Kuenenia and Scalindua. In The Prokaryotes: a Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria, 3rd edn, vol. 7, pp. 757–793. Edited by M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K. H. Schleifer & E. Stackebrandt. New York: Springer.
Supplementary Table S1. Comparison of the phospholipid
fatty acid compositions of strain A10
T(
Zavarzinella formosa gen. nov., sp. nov.) and
Gemmata obscuriglobus DSM 5831
T.
[PDF](77 KB)
Supplementary Figure S1. Electron micrographs of
negatively stained preparations of cells of strain A10
T.
[PDF](54 KB)