A novel marine bacterium isolated from the intestine of cultured flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was studied by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The isolate was Gram-stain-negative, pleomorphic, aerobic, yellow and oxidase- and catalase-negative. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that isolate Th6T formed a distinct branch within the family Flavobacteriaceae and showed 96.6 % similarity to its closest relative, Bizionia hallyeonensis T-y7T. The DNA G+C content was 29 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 1 G, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C15 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacterium has been assigned to a novel species of a new genus for which the name Ichthyenterobacterium magnum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Th6T ( = JCM 18636T = KCTC 32140T).
Published Online:
Funding
This study was supported by the:
International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China
(Award 2012DFG31990)
China Ocean Mineral Resources Research & Development Association
(Award DY125-15-R-03)
BernardetJ. F.,
NakagawaY.(2006). An introduction to the family Flavobacteriaceae
. . In The Prokaryotes, pp. 455–480. Edited by
DworkinM.,
FalkowS.,
RosenbergE.,
SchleiferK.-H.,
StackebrandtE.
. New York:: Springer;. [View Article]
BernardetJ.-F.,
SegersP.,
VancanneytM.,
BertheF.,
KerstersK.,
VandammeP.(1996). Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). . Int J Syst Bacteriol46, 128–148. [View Article]
BernardetJ.-F.,
NakagawaY.,
HolmesB.Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Flavobacterium and Cytophaga-like bacteria of the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes(2002). Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52, 1049–1070. [View Article][PubMed]
BeveridgeT.,
LawrenceJ.,
MurrayR.(2007). Sampling and staining for light microscopy. . InMethods for General and Molecular Microbiology, 19–33. Edited by
ReddyC. A.,
BeveridgeT. J.,
BreznakJ. A.,
MarzlufG.,
SchmidtT. M.,
SnyderL. R.
. Washington, DC:: American Society for Microbiology;.
BowmanJ. P.,
McCammonS. A.,
BrownJ. L.,
NicholsP. D.,
McMeekinT. A.(1997).Psychroserpens burtonensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Gelidibacter algens gen. nov., sp. nov., psychrophilic bacteria isolated from antarctic lacustrine and sea ice habitats. . Int J Syst Bacteriol47, 670–677. [View Article][PubMed]
BuczolitsS.,
DennerE. B. M.,
VybiralD.,
WieserM.,
KämpferP.,
BusseH.-J.(2002). Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov.. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol52, 445–456.[PubMed][CrossRef]
EinenJ.,
ØvreåsL.(2006).Flaviramulus basaltis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seafloor basalt. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol56, 2455–2461. [View Article][PubMed]
HsuS. C.,
LockwoodJ. L.(1975). Powdered chitin agar as a selective medium for enumeration of actinomycetes in water and soil. . Appl Microbiol29, 422–426.[PubMed]
IvanovaE. P.,
AlexeevaY. V.,
FlavierS.,
WrightJ. P.,
ZhukovaN. V.,
GorshkovaN. M.,
MikhailovV. V.,
NicolauD. V.,
ChristenR.(2004).Formosa algae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol54, 705–711. [View Article][PubMed]
Jooste, P. J. (1985).The taxonomy and significance of Flavobacterium–Cytophaga strains from dairy sources. PhD thesis, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
KimO. S.,
ChoY. J.,
LeeK.,
YoonS. H.,
KimM.,
NaH.,
ParkS. C.,
JeonY. S.,
LeeJ. H. et al.(2012). Introducing EzTaxon-e: a prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene sequence database with phylotypes that represent uncultured species. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol62, 716–721.[PubMed][CrossRef]
KimuraM.(1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. . J Mol Evol16, 111–120. [View Article][PubMed]
MesbahM.,
WhitmanW. B.(1989). Measurement of deoxyguanosine/thymidine ratios in complex mixtures by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of the mole percentage guanine + cytosine of DNA. . J Chromatogr A479, 297–306. [View Article][PubMed]
MinnikinD. E.,
O’DonnellA. G.,
GoodfellowM.,
AldersonG.,
AthalyeM.,
SchaalA.,
ParlettJ. H.(1984). An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. . J Microbiol Methods2, 233–241. [View Article]
MooreE. R. B.,
ArnscheidtA.,
KrügerA.,
StrömplC.,
MauM.(1999). Simplified protocols for the preparation of genomic DNA from bacterial cultures. . In Molecular Microbial Ecology Manual 1.6.1, pp. 1–15. Edited by
AkkermansA. D. L.,
van ElsasJ. D.,
de BruijnF. J.
. Dordrecht:: Kluwer;.
NedashkovskayaO. I.,
KimS. B.,
HanS. K.,
SnauwaertC.,
VancanneytM.,
SwingsJ.,
KimK. O.,
LysenkoA. M.,
RohdeM. et al.(2005a).Winogradskyella thalassocola gen. nov., sp. nov., Winogradskyella epiphytica sp. nov. and Winogradskyella eximia sp. nov., marine bacteria of the family Flavobacteriaceae
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol55, 49–55. [View Article][PubMed]
NedashkovskayaO. I.,
KimS. B.,
LysenkoA. M.,
FrolovaG. M.,
MikhailovV. V.,
BaeK. S.(2005b).Bizionia paragorgiae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the soft coral Paragorgia arborea
. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol55, 375–378. [View Article][PubMed]
ReichenbachH.(1989). The order Cytophagales Leadbetter 1974. . In Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3, pp. 2011–2013. Edited by
StaleyJ. T.,
BryantM. P.,
PfennigN.,
HoltJ. G.
. Baltimore, MD:: Williams & Wilkins;.
ReichenbachH.(1992).Flavobacteriaceae fam. nov. In Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB, List no. 41. . Int J Syst Bacteriol42, 327–329. [View Article]
SasserM.
. (1990).Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids, MIDI Technical Note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI Inc.
SmibertR. M.,
KriegN. R.(1994). Phenotypic characterization. . In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607–654. Edited by
GerherdtP.,
MurrayR. G. E.,
WoodW. A.,
KriegN. R.
. Washington, DC:: American Society for mMicrobiology;.
StackebrandtE.,
GoebelB. M.(1994). Taxonomic note: a place for DNA–DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. . Int J Syst Bacteriol44, 846–849. [View Article]
TangK.,
ZhangY.,
YuM.,
ShiX.,
CoenyeT.,
BossierP.,
ZhangX.-H.(2013). Evaluation of a new high-throughput method for identifying quorum quenching bacteria. . Sci Rep3, 2935. [View Article][PubMed]
TeatherR. M.,
WoodP. J.(1982). Use of Congo red-polysaccharide interactions in enumeration and characterization of cellulolytic bacteria from the bovine rumen. . Appl Environ Microbiol43, 777–780.[PubMed]
TindallB.,
SikorskiJ.,
SmibertR.,
KriegN.(2007). Phenotypic characterization and the principles of comparative systematics. .InMethods for General and Molecular Microbiology, pp. 330–393. Edited by
ReddyC. A.,
BeveridgeT. J.,
BreznakJ. A.,
MarzlufG.,
SchmidtT. M.,
SnyderL. R.
Washington, DC:, American Society for Microbiology;. [View Article]
XieC.-H.,
YokotaA.(2003). Phylogenetic analyses of Lampropedia hyalina based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. . J Gen Appl Microbiol49, 345–349. [View Article][PubMed]
ZhangY.,
TangK.,
ShiX.,
ZhangX. H.(2013). Flaviramulus ichthyoenteri sp. nov., an N-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading bacterium isolated from the intestine of a flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), and emended descriptions of the genus Flaviramulus and Flaviramulus basaltis. . Int J Syst Evol Microbiol63, 4477–4483. [View Article][PubMed]