A rubber-degrading bacterium (strain Kd21) was isolated from fouling tyre water inside a deteriorated automobile tyre. The strain was aerobic, Grampositive, produced elementary branching hyphae which fragmented into rod/coccus-like elements and showed chemotaxonomic markers which were consistent with the classification of Gordonia, i.e. meso-diaminopimelic acid, N-glycolyl muramic acid, arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars, a fatty acid pattern composed of unbranched saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with a considerable amount of tuberculostearic acid, and mycolic acids comprising 58-66 carbon atoms with two principal mycolic acids C60 and C62 counting for over 60%. Results of 16S rDNA analyses as well as chemotaxonomic results, led to the conclusion that Gordonia sp. strain Kd2T (= DSM 44302T) represents a new species within the genus Gordonia for which the name Gordonia polyisoprenivorans is proposed.
BendingerB., RaineyF. A., KroppenstedtR. M., MoormannM., KlatteS.1995; Gordonia hydrophobica sp. nov., isolated from biofilters for waste gas treatment. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45:544–548
GoodfellowM.1986 Genus Rhodococcus Zopf 1891, 28AL. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology42362–2371 Edited by WilliamsS. T., SharpeM. E., HoltJ. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
GoodfellowM.1992 The family Nocardiaceae. The Prokaryotes, 2nd.1188–1213 Edited by BalowsA., TrüperH. G., DworkinM., HarderW., SchleiferK. H. New York: Springer;
GoodfellowM., LechevalierM. P.1989 Genus Nocardia. Trevisan 1899, 9AL. Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology42350–2361 Edited by WilliamsS. T., SharpeM. E., HoltJ. G. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins;
KämpferP., DottW., KroppenstedtR. M.1990; Numerical classification and numerical identification of some nocardioform bacteria. J Gen Appl Microbiol 36:309–331
KlatteS., RaineyF. A., KroppenstedtR. M.1994b; Transfer of Rhodococcus aichiensis Tsukamurella 1982 and Nocardia amarae Lechevalier and Lechevalier 1974 to the genus Gor dona as Gordona aichiensis comb. nov. and Gordona amarae comb nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44:769–773
KroppenstedtR. M.1982; Separation of bacterial menaquinones by HPLC using reverse phase (RP-18) and a silver loaded ion exchanger. J Liquid Chromatogr 5:2359–2367
KroppenstedtR. M.1985 Fatty acid and menaquinone analysis of actinomycetes and related organisms. Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics, no. 20 SAB Technical Series173–199 Edited by GoodfellowM., MinnikinD. E. London: Academic Press;
LechevalierH. A., LechevalierM. P.1970 A critical evaluation of the genera of aerobic actinomycetes. The Actinomycetales393–405 Edited by PrauserH. Jena: Gustav Fischer Verlag;
LeffordM. J.1980 Mycobacterial Culture Collection, Catalogue of strains. U S Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health; NIH Publication no. 80-289
LemmerH., KroppenstedtR. M.1984; Chemotaxonomy and physiology of some actinomycetes isolated from scumming activated sludge. Syst Appl Microbiol 5:124–135
LinosA., SteinbüchelA.1998; Microbial degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers by novel bacteria belonging to the genus Gordona. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 51:496–499
MinnikinD. E., O’DonnellA. G., GoodfellowM., AldersonA., AthalyeM., SchaalK., ParlettJ. H.1984; An integrated procedure for the extraction of isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2:233–241
MinnikinD. E., PatelV., AlshamaonyL., GoodfellowM.1977; Polar lipid composition in the classification of Nocardia and related bacteria. Int J Syst Bacteriol 27:104–117
RaineyF. A., BurghardtJ., KroppenstedtR. M., KlatteS., StackebrandtE.1995; Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Rhodococcus and Nocardia and evidence for the evolutionary origin of the genus Nocardia from within the radiation of Rhodococcus species. Microbiology 141:523–528
RaineyF. A., Ward-RaineyN., KroppenstedtR. M., StackebrandtE.1996; The genus Nocardiopsis represents a phylogenetically coherent taxon and a distinct actinomycete lineage: Proposal of Nocardiopsaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46:1088–1092
SodellJ. A., SeviourR. J.1995; Relationship between temperature and growth of organisms causing Nocardia foams in activated sludge plants. Water Res 29:1555–1558
StackebrandtE., SmidaJ., GollinsM. D.1988; Evidence of phylogenetic heterogeneity within the genus Rhodococcus: revival of the genus Gordona (Tsukamura). J Gen Appl Microbiol 34:343–348
StackebrandtE., RaineyA. F., Ward-RaineyN. L.1997; Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47:479–491
TsukamuraM.1971; Proposal of a new genus, Gordona, for slightly acid fast organisms occurring in sputi of patients with pulmonary disease and in soil. J Gen Microbiol 68:15–26
TsukamuraM.1982; Numerical analysis of the taxonomy of nocardiae and rhodococci. Division of Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto into two species and description of Nocardia paratuberculosis sp. nov. Tsukamura (formerly the Kyoto-I group of Tsukamura), Nocardia nova sp. nov. Tsukamura, Rhodococcus aichiensis sp. nov. Tsukamura, Rhodococcus chubunensis sp. nov. Tsukamura, and Rhodococcus obuensis sp. nov. Tsukamura. Microbiol Immunol 26:1101–1119