1887

Abstract

Abstract

Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of 16 strains of the genera and were determined by direct sequencing of PCR products. Aligned sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis by maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony methods. Distance matrix and phylogenetic analysis did not separate the genera unambiguously. Taxonomic grouping of the bacteria closely paralleled taxonomic grouping of their nematode associates and their geographic origins. We found at least two well-supported taxonomic groups in species, which suggests that the genus is coevolving with the nematodes and may be polyspecific.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-4-948
1997-10-01
2024-12-03
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

/deliver/fulltext/ijsem/47/4/ijs-47-4-948.html?itemId=/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-4-948&mimeType=html&fmt=ahah

References

  1. Akhurst R. J. 1980; Morphological and functional dimorphism in Xenorhabdus spp., bacteria symbiotically associated with the insect pathogenic nematodes Neoaplectana and Heterorhabditis. J. Gen. Microbiol. 121:303–309
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Akhurst R. J. 1983; Taxonomic study of Xenorhabdus, a genus of bacteria symbiotically associated with insect-pathogenic nematodes. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33:38–45
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Akhurst R. J., Boemare N. E. 1988; A numerical taxonomic study of the genus Xenorhabdus (Enterobacteriaceae) and proposed elevation of the subspecies of X. nematophilus to species. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:1835–1845
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Bird A. F., Akhurst R. J. 1983; The nature of the intestinal vesicle in nematodes of the family Steinernematidae. Int. J. Parasitol. 13:599–606
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Boemare N. E., Akhurst R. J. 1988; Biochemical and physiological characterization of colony form variants in Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae). J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:751–761
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Boemare N. E., Akhurst R. J., Mourant R. G. 1993; DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a proposal to transfer X. luminescens to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:249–255
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Brosius J., Palmer M. L., Kennedy P. J., Noller H. F. 1978; Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 754801–4805
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Carbon P., Ebel J. P., Ehresmann C. 1981; The sequence of the ribosomal 16S rRNA from Proteus vulgaris: sequence comparison with E. coli 16S rRNA and its use in secondary model building. Nucleic Acids Res. 9:2325–2333
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dewhirst F. D., Paster B. J., Olsen I., Fraser G. J. 1992; Phylogeny of 54 representative strains of species in the family Pasteurellaceae as determined by comparison of 16S rRNA sequences. J. Bacteriol. 174:2002–2013
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Dorsch M., Lane D., Stackebrandt E. 1992; Towards a phylogeny of the genus Vibrio based on 16S rRNA sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:58–63
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ehlers R. U., Wyss U., Stackebrandt E. 1988; 16S rRNA cataloguing and the phylogenetic position of the genus Xenorhabdus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 10:121–125
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Endo B. Y., Nickle W. R. 1991; Ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium, lumen and associated bacteria in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 58:202–212
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Felsenstein J. 1995 PHYLIP: phylogenetic inference package, version 3.572 University of Washington; Seattle:
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Grimont P. A. D., Steigerwalt A. G., Boemare N. E., Hickman-Brenner F. W., Deval C., Grimont F., Brenner D. L. 1984; Dexyribonucleic acid relatedness and phenotypic study of the genus Xenorhabdus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34:378–388
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Lane D. J., Pace B., Olsen G. J., Stahl D. A., Sogin M. L., Pace N. R. 1985; Rapid determination of 16S ribosomal RNA sequences for phylogenetic analysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6955–6959
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Liu J., Berry R. E. 1995; Natural distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae) in Oregon soils. Environ. Entomol. 24:159–163
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Liu J., Berry R. E. 1996; Heterorhabditis marelatus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) from Oregon. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 67:48–54
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Lyons-Weiler J., Hoelzer G. A., Tcusch R. J. 1996; Relative apparent synapomorphy analysis (RASA) I: The statistical measurement of phylogenetic signal. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:749–757
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Nadler S. A. 1992; Phylogeny of some ascaridoid nematodes, inferred from comparison of 18S and 28S rRNA sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:932–944
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Nixon K. C., Carpenter J. M. 1993; On outgroups. Cladistics 9:413–426
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Poinar G.O. Unpublished data
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Poinar G. O., Thomas G. M. 1966; Significance of Achromobacter nematophilus Poinar & Thomas (Achromobacteraceae: Eubacteriales) in the development of the nematode, DD-136 (Neoaplectana sp.: Steinernematidae). Parasitology 56:385–390
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Poinar G. O., Thomas G. M. 1967; The nature of Achromobacter nematophilus as an insect pathogen. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 9:510–514
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Poinar G. O., Thomas G. M., Haygood M., Nealson K. H. 1980; Growth and luminescence of the symbiotic bacteria associated with the terrestrial nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Soil Biol. Biochem. 12:5–10
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Rainey F. A., Ehlers R. U., Stackebrandt E. 1995; Inability of the polyphasic approach to systematics to determine the relatedness of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:379–381
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Saul D. J., Rodrigo A. G., Reeves R. A., Williams L. C., Borges K. M., Morgan H. W., Bergquist P. L. 1993; Phylogeny of twenty Thermus isolates constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequence data. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:754–760
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Smits P. H., Ehlers R. U. 1991; Identification of Heterorhabditis spp. by morphometric characters and RFLP and of their symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. by species-specific DNA probes. Bull. SROP 14:195–201
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Stackebrandt E., Ludwig W. 1994; The importance of using outgroup reference organisms in phylogenetic studies: the Atopobium case. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 17:39–43
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Stevens P. F. 1980; Evolution of polarity of character states. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11:333–358
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Swofford D. L. 1993 PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, version 3.1.1 Illinois Natural History Survey; Champaign:
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Thomas G. M., Poinar G. O. 1979; Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 29:352–360
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J. 1994; CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673–4680
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Woese C. R. 1987; Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51:221–271
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Yong J. P. W., Downer H. L., Eardly B. D. 1991; Phylogeny of the phototrophic Rhizobium strain BTAil by polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing of a 16S rRNA gene segment. J. Bacteriol. 173:2271–2277
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-4-948
Loading
/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-47-4-948
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a Success
Invalid data
An Error Occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error