A mesophilic, gram-negative, vibrio-shaped, marine, acetate-oxidizing sulfate reducer (strain B54) was isolated from a water-oil separation system on a North Sea oil platform. The optimum conditions for growth were 33°C, pH 6.8 to 7.0, and concentrations of NaCI and MgCl2 6H2O of at least 1 and 0.3%, respectively. Of various organic acids tested, only acetate was used as an electron and carbon source. The presence of 2-oxoglutarate:dye oxidoreductase suggests acetate oxidation via an operative citric acid cycle. Even though growth of most Desulfobacter strains (including strain B54) did not occur on hydrogen, hydrogenase was detected at low activity. The growth yields were 4.6, 13.1, and 9.6 g of (dry weight) cells per mol of acetate oxidized with sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate, respectively, as electron acceptors. Strain B54 was able to fix dinitrogen. Desulforubidin and cytochromes of the c and b types were present. The G+C content of the DNA was 47 mol%. Strain B54 is most closely related to Desulfobacter latus, with a 16S rDNA sequence similarity of 98.1%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between them was 40.5%. On the basis of differences in genotypic, pheno-typic, and immunological characteristics, we propose that strain B54 is a member of a new species, D. vibrioformis. It can be easily identified and distinguished from other Desulfobacter species by its large, vibrio-shaped cells.
BeederJ., NilsenR. K., RosnesJ. T., TorsvikT., LienT.1994; Archaeoglobus fulgidus isolated from hot North Sea oil field waters. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1227–1231
BeederJ., LienT., TorsvikT.1990 Immunological properties of Desulfobacter. 359–360BelaichJ. P., BruschiM., GarciaJ. L.edMicrobiology and biochemistry of strict anaerobes involved in interspecies hydrogen transfer Plenum; New York, N.Y.:
BeederJ., TorsvikT., LienT.1995; Thermodesulforhabdus norvegicus gen. nov., sp.nov., a novel thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium from oil field water. Arch. Microbiol. 164:331–336
BejiA., IzardD., GaviniF., LeclercH., Leseine-DelstancheM., KrembelJ.1987; A rapid chemical procedure for isolation and purification of chromosomal DNA from gram-negative bacilli. Anal. Biochem. 162:18–23
BradfordM. M.1976; A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248–254
BrinkD. E., VanceI., WhiteD. C.1994; Detection of Desulfobacter in oil field environments by non-radioactive DNA probes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 42:469–475
BurnetteW. N.1981; “Western blotting”: electrophoretic transfer of proteins from SDS-PAGE to unmodified nitrocellulose and radiographic detection with antibody and radioiodinated protein A. Anal. Biochem. 195:112–203
CashionP., Holder-FranklinM. A., McCullyJ., FranklinM.1977; A rapid method for the base ratio determination of bacterial DNA. Anal. Biochem. 81:461–466
Cord-RuwischR.1985; A quick method for the determination of dissolved and precipitated sulfides in cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria. J. Microbiol. Methods 5:83–91
FoxG. E., WisotzkeyJ. D., JurtshukP.Jr.1992; How close is close: 16S rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 42:166–170
GerhardtP., MurrayR. G. E., WoodW., KriegN. R.ed1994 Methods for general and molecular bacteriology. 635 American Society for Microbiology; Washington, D.C.:
HeS.-H., WooS. B., DerVartanianD. V., Le GallJ., PeckH. D.Jr.1989; Effects of acetylene on hydrogenases from the sulfate reducing and methanogenic bacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 161:127–133
HußV. A R., FestlH., SchleiferK. H.1983; Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 4:184–192
JankeK.-D.1992; BASIC computer program for evaluation of spectroscopic DNA renaturation data from GILFORD SYSTEM 2600 spectrophotometer on a PC/XT/AT type personal computer. J. Microbiol. Methods 15:61–73
LeeJ., YiC., LeGallJ., PeckH. D.1973; Isolation of a new pigment, desulforubidin, from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (Norway strain) and its role in sulfite reduction. J. Bacteriol. 115:453–455
LienT., TorsvikT.1990 Hydrogenase in Desulfobacter. 519–520BelaichJ. P., BruschiM., GarciaJ. L.edMicrobiology and biochemistry of strict anaerobes involved in interspecies hydrogen transfer Plenum; New York, N.Y.:
MesbahM., PremachandranU., WhitmanW. B.1989; Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:159–167
MollerD., SchauderR., FuchsG., ThauerR. K.1987; Acetate oxidation to CO2 via a citric acid cycle involving an ATP-citrate lyase: a mechanism for the synthesis of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation in Desulfobacter postgatei growing on acetate and sulfate. Arch. Microbiol. 148:202–207
Moller-ZinkhanD., ThauerR. K.1988; Membrane-bound NADPH dehydrogenase- and ferredoxin:NADP oxidoreductase activity involved in electron transport during acetate oxidation to CO2 in Desulfobacterpostgatei. Arch. Microbiol. 150:145–154
NilsenR. K., TorsvikT., LienT.1996; Desulfotomaculum thermocistemum sp. nov., a sulfate reducer isolated from a hot North Sea oil reservoir. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:397–402
Oude ElferinkS. J. W. H., MaasR. N., HarmsenH. J. M., StamsA. J. M.1995; Desulforhabdus amnigenus gen. nov. sp. nov., a sulfate reducer isolated from anaerobic granular sludge. Arch. Microbiol. 164:119–124
RaineyF. A., StackebrandtE.1993; 16S rDNA analysis reveals phylogenetic diversity among the polysaccharolytic Clostridia. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 113:125–128
RaineyF. A., DorschM., MorganH. W., StackebrandtE.1992; 16S rDNA analysis of Spirochaeta thermophila: position and implications for the systematics of the order Spirochaetales. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 16:224–226
RamsingN. B., KuhlM., JorgensenB. B.1993; Distribution of sulfatereducing bacteria, O2 and H2S in photosynthetic biofilms determined by oligonucleotide probes and microelectrodes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59:3840–3849
RaskinL., ZhengD., GriffinM. E., StrootP. G., MisaP.1995; Characterization of microbial communities in anaerobic bioreactors using molecular probes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 68:297–308
SchauderR., PreussA., JettenM., FuchsG.1989; Oxidative and reductive acetyl CoA/carbon monoxide pathway in Desulfobacterium autotrophicum. 2. Demonstration of the enzymes of the pathway and comparison of CO dehydrogenase. Arch. Microbiol. 151:84–89
StackebrandtE., GoebelB. M.1994; Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:846–849
VoordouwG., ArmstrongS. M., ReimerM. F., FoutsB., TelangA. J., ShenY., GevertzD.1996; Characterization of 16S rRNA genes from oil field microbial communities indicates the presence of a variety of sulfatereducing, fermentative, and sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1623–1629
WiddelF.1987; New types of acetate-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing Desulfobacter species, D. hydrogenophilus sp. nov., D. latus sp. nov., and D. curvatus sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 148:286–291
WiddelF., BakF.1992 Gram-negative mesophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria. 3352–3378BalowsA., TruperH. G., DworkinM., HarderW., SchleiferK.-H.edThe prokaryotes. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecology, physiology, isolation, identification, applications, 2nd. Springer-Verlag; New York, N.Y.:
WiddelF., KohringG. W., MayerF.1983; Studies of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids. III. Characterization of the filamentous gliding Desulfonema limicola gen. nov. and sp. nov. and Desulfonema magnum sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 129:286–294
WiddelF., PfennigN.1981; Studies of dissimilatory sulfate-reducing bacteria that decompose fatty acids. I. Isolation of sulfate-reducing bacteria enriched with acetate from saline environments. Description of Desulfobacter postgatei gen. nov. and sp. nov. Arch. Microbiol. 129:395–400
WiddelF., HansenT. A. 1992 The dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfurreducing bacteria. 583–624BalowsA., TruperH. G., DworkinM., HarderW., SchleiferK.-H.edThe prokaryotes: a handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecology, physiology, identification, applications, 2nd. Springer-Verlag; New York, N.Y.: